Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T01:28:34.363Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nativism and the End of the Mass Migration of the 1840s and 1850s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2012

Raymond L. Cohn
Raymond L. Cohn
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Economics, Illinois State University, Campus Box 4200, Normal, IL 61790–4200. E-mail: rlcohn@ilstu.edu.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In 1855 the volume of immigration to the United States dropped precipitously, signaling the end of the first mass migration of Europeans. Although other work blames the decline on an economic depression, the outbreak of the Crimean War, or the improvement of conditions in Europe, this article argues that the rise of nativism was the initiating cause of the decline. This result is important because it affects our view of the factors that have cyclical effects on the volume of immigration.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Economic History , Volume 60 , Issue 2 , June 2000 , pp. 361 - 383
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anbinder, Tyler. Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know-Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Olive. A Liberal State at War: English Politics and Economics during the Crimean War. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1967.Google Scholar
Atack, Jeremy, and Passell, Peter. A New Economic View of American History from Colonial Times to 1940. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1994.Google Scholar
Baker, Jean H.. Ambivalent Americans: The Know-Nothing Party in Maryland. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Billington, Ray Allen. The Protestant Crusade, 1800–1860: A Study of the Origins of American Nativism. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1964. Reprint of 1938 edition.Google Scholar
Cohn, Raymond L.. “A Comparative Analysis of European Immigrant Streams to the United States during the Early Mass Migration”. Social Science History 19, no. 1 (1995): 63–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, Arthur Charles. The Era of the Civil War 1848–1870. Springfield: Illinois Centennial Commission, 1919.Google Scholar
Commons, John R., Saposs, David J., Sumner, Helen L., et al. History of Labour In the United States. Vol. 1. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1921.Google Scholar
Current, Richard N.. The History of Wisconsin - Volume 2: The Civil War Era, 1848–1873. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976.Google Scholar
Davidson, Alexander, and Stuve, Bernard. A Complete History of Illinois from 1673 to 1873. Springfield: Illinois Journal Company, 1874.Google Scholar
Dunlevy, James A., and Gemery, Henry A.. “The Role of Migrant Stock and Lagged Migration in the Settlement Patterns of Nineteenth Century Immigrants”. Review of Economics and Statistics 59, no. 2 (1977): 137–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferenczi, Imre. International Migrations. Vol. 1. New York: Arno Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Ferrie, Joseph P.. “The Entiy into the U. S. Labor Market of Antebellum European Immigrants, 1840–1860”. Explorations in Economic History 34, no. 3 (1997): 295–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fertig, Georg. “Transatlantic Migration from the German-Speaking Parts of Central Europe, 1600–1800: Proportions, Structures, and Explanations”. In Europeans on the Move: Studies on European Migration, 1500–1800, edited by Nicholas, Canny, 192–235. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogel, Robert William. Railroads and American Economic Growth. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1964.Google Scholar
Fogel, Robert William. Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery. New York: Norton, 1989.Google Scholar
Gienapp, William E. “Nativism and the Creation of a Republican Majority in the North before the Civil War”. The Journal of American History 72, no. 4 (1985): 529–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazier, Ira, and Filby, P. William. Germans to America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports. Various volumes. Wilmington, DE.: Scholarly Resources, 1988–1994.Google Scholar
Gould, J. D. “European Inter-Continental Emigration 1815–1914: Patterns and Causes”. Journal of European Economic History 8, no. 4 (1979): 593–679.Google Scholar
Hansen, Marcus L.The Atlantic Migration, 1607–1860. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harley, C. Knick. “Ocean Freight Rates and Productivity, 1740–1913: The Primacy of Mechanical Invention Reaffirmed”. This JOURNAL 48, no. 4 (1988): 851–76.Google Scholar
Hatton, Timothy J., and Williamson, Jeffrey G.. The Age of Mass Migration: Causes and Economic Impact. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoad, Margaret J., and Patterson, A. Temple. Portsmouth and the Crimean War. Portsmouth: Portsmouth City Council (Portsmouth Papers, Issue No. 19), 1973.Google Scholar
Holt, Michael F. “The Antimasonic and Know Nothing Parties”. In History of United States Political Parties. Vol. 1. 1789–1860: From Factions to Parties, edited by Arthur, M. Schlesinger Jr, 575–620. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1973.Google Scholar
Hueston, Robert Francis. The Catholic Press and Nativism, 1840–1860. New York: Arno Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Judd, Denis. The Crimean War. London: Granada Publishing Limited, 1975.Google Scholar
Kamphoefner, Walter D., Helbrich, Wolfgang, and Sommer, Ulrike, eds. News from the Land of Freedom: German Immigrants Write Home. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Lane, A. T.Solidarity or Survival? American Labor and European Immigrants, 1830–1924. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Macdonald, Norman. Canada: Immigration and Colonization, 1841–1903. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1966.Google Scholar
MacDonagh, Oliver. “The Irish Famine Emigration to the United States”. Perspectives in American History 10 (1976): 357–446.Google ScholarPubMed
McCandless, Perry. A History of Missouri. Vol 2. 1820 to 1860. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1972.Google Scholar
McDonald, John, and Shlomowitz, Ralph. “Contract Prices for the Bulk Shipping of Passengers in Sailing Vessels, 1816–1904: An Overview”. International Journal of Maritime History 5, no. 1 (1993): 65–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, John, and Shlomowitz, Ralph. “Passenger Fares on Sailing Vessels to Australia in the Nineteenth Century”. Erplorations in Economic History 28, no. 2 (1991): 192–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, Kerby A.. Emigrants and Exiles: Ireland and the Irish Exodus to North America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Miller, Kerby A., and Wagner, Paul. Out of Ireland: The Story of Irish Emigration to America. Washington, DC: Elliot & Clark Publishing, 1994.Google Scholar
Murayama, Yuzo. “Information and Emigrants: Interprefectural Differences of Japanese Emigration to the Pacific Northwest, 1880–1915”. This JOURNAL 51, no. 1 (1991): 125–47.Google Scholar
Nesbit, Robert C.Wisconsin: A History. Second Edition. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Ó Gráda, Cormac. The Great Irish Famine. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rezneck, Samuel. Business Depressions and Financial Panics. New York: Greenwood Publishing Corp., 1968.Google Scholar
Ross, Steven J.Workers on the Edge: Work, Leisure, and Politics in Industrializing Cincinnati 1788–1890. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Taylor, Philip. The Distant Magnet. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of the Census. Historical Statistics of the United States. Washington, DC: GPO, 1976.Google Scholar
U.S. House of Representatives. Passengers Arriving in the United States (1852). House Executive Document 45, 32nd Cong., 2nd sess., 1853.Google Scholar
U.S. House of Representatives. Passengers Arriving in the United States (1854). House Executive Document 77, 33nd Cong., 2nd sess., 1855.Google Scholar
U.S. House of Representatives. Passengers Arriving in the United States (1855). House Executive Document 77, 34th Cong., 1st sess., 1856.Google Scholar
U.S. House of Representatives. Passengers from Foreign Countries (1853). House Executive Document 78, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1854.Google Scholar
U.S. Senate. The Annual Report of Passengers Arriving in the United States (1857). Senate Executive Document 32, 35th Cong., 1st sess., 1858.Google Scholar
U.S. Senate. Passengers Arriving in the United States during the Year Ending December 31, 1856. Senate Executive Document 54, 34th Cong., 3rd sess., 1857.Google Scholar
Walker, Mack. Germany and the Emigration, 1816–1885. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964.Google Scholar
Wegge, Simone. “Chain Migration and Information Networks: Evidence from Nineteenth-Century Hesse-Cassel”. This JOURNAL 58, no. 4 (1998): 957–86.Google Scholar
Williamson, Jeffrey G. “The Evolution of Global Labor Markets since 1830: Background Evidence and Hypotheses”. Explorations in Economic History 32, no. 2 (1995): 141–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zarnowitz, Victor. Business Cycles: Theory, History, Indicators, and Forecasting. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar