Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-02T01:50:23.766Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Where Does the Predictability from Sorting on Returns of Economically Linked Firms Come From?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2020

Aaron Burt
Affiliation:
University of Oklahoma Price College of Businessaaronburt@ou.edu
Christopher Hrdlicka*
Affiliation:
University of Washington Foster School of Business
*
hrdlicka@uw.edu (corresponding author)

Abstract

Cross-firm predictability among economically linked firms can arise when both firms exhibit their own momentum and their returns are contemporaneously correlated. We show that cross-firm predictability can last up to 10 years, which is hard to reconcile with an interpretation of slow information diffusion. However, it is consistent with the economically linked firms’ commonality in momentum. The contribution of each source can be found by decomposing leaders’ returns into the predictable (momentum) and news components. Sorting on each, we find that both sources contribute almost equally to 1-month predictability, whereas commonality in momentum is solely responsible for longer-horizon cross-firm predictability.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

We are grateful to Brad Barber, Hank Bessembinder, Philip Bond, Jennifer Conrad (the editor), Tarun Chordia, John Cochrane, Ran Duchin, Thomas Gilbert, Amit Goyal, Mark Grinblatt, Jarrad Harford, Cam Harvey, Raymond Kan, Jonathan Karpoff, Roni Kisin, Ralph Koijen, Juhani Linnainmaa, Charles Martineau, $ \overset{\smile }{\mathrm{L}} $ uboš Pástor, Cesare Robotti, Sergei Sarkissian, Andy Siegel, Stephan Siegel, and Mark Westerfield and seminar participants at the University of Calgary, the University of Notre Dame, the University of Washington, the 2015 Western Finance Association (WFA) Meetings, the 2016 Northern Finance Association (NFA) meetings, and the 2015 Conference on Advances in the Analysis of Hedge Fund Strategies for helpful comments and suggestions. Any errors are our own.

References

Agarwal, A.; Leung, A. C. M.; Konana, P.; and Kumar, A.. “Cosearch Attention and Stock Return Predictability in Supply Chains.” Information Systems Research, 28 (2017), 265288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albuquerque, R.; Ramadorai, T.; and Watugala, S. W.. “Trade Credit and Cross-Country Predictable Firm Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 115 (2015), 592613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ali, U., and Hirshleifer, D.. “Shared Analyst Coverage: Unifying Momentum Spillover Effects.” Journal of Financial Economics, 136 (2020), 649675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aobdia, D.; Caskey, J.; and Ozel, N. B.. “Inter-Industry Network Structure and the Cross-Predictability of Earnings and Stock Returns.” Review of Accounting Studies, 19 (2014), 11911224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asparouhova, E.; Bessembinder, H.; and Kalcheva, I.. “Liquidity Biases in Asset Pricing Tests.” Journal of Financial Economics, 96 (2010), 215237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asparouhova, E.; Bessembinder, H.; and Kalcheva, I.. “Noisy Prices and Inference Regarding Returns.” Journal of Finance, 68 (2013), 665714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bali, T. G.; Engle, R. F.; and Murray, S.. Empirical Asset Pricing: The Cross Section of Stock Returns, New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons (2016).Google Scholar
Barber, B. M., and Lyon, J. D.. “Detecting Abnormal Operating Performance: The Empirical Power and Specification of Test Statistics.” Journal of Financial Economics, 41 (1996), 359399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. M., and Lyon, J. D.. “Detecting Long-Run Abnormal Stock Returns: The Empirical Power and Specification of Test Statistics.” Journal of Financial Economics, 43 (1997), 341372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berk, J. B.Sorting Out Sorts.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 407427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bessembinder, H.Issues in Assessing Trade Execution Costs.” Journal of Financial Markets, 6 (2003), 233257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bessembinder, H., and Zhang, F.. “Firm Characteristics and Long-Run Stock Returns after Corporate Events.” Journal of Financial Economics, 109 (2013), 83102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bessembinder, H., and Zhang, F.. “Predictable Corporate Distributions and Stock Returns.” Review of Financial Studies, 28 (2014), 11991241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bian, X.; Sarkissian, S.; Tu, J.; and Zhang, R.. “Return Cross-Predictability in Firms with Similar Employee Satisfaction.” Working Paper, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3469633 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boudoukh, J.; Richardson, M. P.; and Whitelaw, R.. “A Tale of Three Schools: Insights on Autocorrelations of Short-Horizon Stock Returns.” Review of Financial Studies, 7 (1994), 539573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, J.; Chordia, T.; and Lin, C.. “Alliances and Return Predictability.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 51 (2016), 16891717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carhart, M. M.On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance.” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 5782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cen, L.; Chan, K.; Dasgupta, S.; and Gao, N.. “When the Tail Wags the Dog: Industry Leaders, Limited Attention, and Spurious Cross-Industry Information Diffusion.” Management Science, 59 (2013), 25662585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cen, L.; Hertzel, M. G.; and Schiller, C. M.. “Speed Matters: Limited Attention and Supply-Chain Information Diffusion.” Working Paper, available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2925460 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chava, S.; Hsu, A.; and Zeng, L.. “Does History Repeat Itself? Business Cycle and Industry Returns.” Journal of Monetary Economics, 116 (2019), 201218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, H.; Chen, S.; and Li, F.. “Firm-Level Return Comovement.” Working Paper, University of British Columbia (2009).Google Scholar
Chen, W.; Khan, M.; Kogan, L.; and Serafeim, G.. “Cross-Firm Return Predictability and Accounting Quality.” Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 48 (2021), 70101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cochrane, J. H.The Dog That Did Not Bark: A Defense of Return Predictability.” Review of Financial Studies, 21 (2007), 15331575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, L., and Frazzini, A.. “Economic Links and Predictable Returns.” Journal of Finance, 63 (2008), 19772011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, L., and Lou, D.. “Complicated Firms.” Journal of Financial Economics, 104 (2012), 383400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conrad, J.; Gultekin, M. N.; and Kaul, G.. “Profitability of Short-Term Contrarian Strategies: Implications for Market Efficiency.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 15 (1997), 379386.Google Scholar
Conrad, J., and Kaul, G.. “Long-Term Market Overreaction or Biases in Computed Returns?Journal of Finance, 48 (1993), 3963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conrad, J., and Kaul, G.. “An Anatomy of Trading Strategies.” Review of Financial Studies, 11 (1998), 489519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Easton, P.; Gao, G.; and Gao, P.. “Pre-Earnings Announcement Drift.” Working Paper, University of Notre Dame (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F., and French, K. R.. “Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds.” Journal of Financial Economics, 33 (1993), 356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferson, W., and Chen, Y.. “How Many Good and Bad Funds Are There, Really?” In Handbook of Financial Economics, Mathematics, Statistics, and Machine Learning, Vol. IV, Lee, C. F. and Lee, J. C., eds. Singapore: World Scientific (2020), 37533827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferson, W.; Sarkissian, S.; and Simin, T.. “Is Stock Return Predictability Spurious?Journal of Investment Management, 1 (2003), 110.Google Scholar
Ferson, W. E.; Sarkissian, S.; and Simin, T.. “Asset Pricing Models with Conditional Betas and Alphas: The Effects of Data Snooping and Spurious Regression.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 43 (2008), 331353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, G. P.; Moulton, P. C.; and Ng, D. T.. “Institutional Ownership and Return Predictability across Economically Unrelated Stocks.” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 31 (2017), 4563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gospodinov, N.; Kan, R.; and Robotti, C.. “Misspecification-Robust Inference in Linear Asset-Pricing Models with Irrelevant Risk Factors.” Review of Financial Studies, 27 (2014a), 21392170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gospodinov, N.; Kan, R.; and Robotti, C.. “Spurious Inference in Unidentified Asset-Pricing Models.” Working Paper 2014-12, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2014b).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gospodinov, N.; Kan, R.; and Robotti, C.. “Spurious Inference in Reduced-Rank Asset-Pricing Models.” Econometrica, 85 (2017), 16131628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gospodinov, N.; Kan, R.; and Robotti, C.. “Too Good to Be True? Fallacies in Evaluating Risk Factor Models.” Journal of Financial Economics, 132 (2019), 451471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, C. R.; Liu, Y.; and Zhu, H.. “… and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns.” Review of Financial Studies, 26 (2016), 568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heston, S. L., and Sadka, R.. “Seasonality in the Cross-Section of Stock Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 87 (2008), 418445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoberg, G., and Phillips, G. M.. “Text-Based Industry Momentum.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 53 (2018), 23552388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hou, K.Industry Information Diffusion and the Lead-Lag Effect in Stock Returns.” Review of Financial Studies, 20 (2007), 11131138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hou, K.; Scherbina, A.; Tang, Y.; and Wilhelm, S.. “Information Leaders.” Working Paper, Ohio State University, University of California at Davis, Fordham University, and the University of Basel  (2012).Google Scholar
Huang, X.Thinking Outside the Borders: Investors’ Underreaction to Foreign Operations Information.” Review of Financial Studies, 28 (2015), 31093152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jegadeesh, N.Evidence of Predictable Behavior of Security Returns.” Journal of Finance, 45 (1990), 881898.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamstra, M. J. “Momentum, Reversals, and Other Puzzles in Fama–MacBeth Cross-Sectional Regressions.” Working Paper, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2947340 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kan, R., and Robotti, C.. “On the Estimation of Asset Pricing Models Using Univariate Betas.” Economics Letters, 110 (2011), 117121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kan, R.; Robotti, C.; and Shanken, J.. “Pricing Model Performance and the Two-Pass Cross-Sectional Regression Methodology.” Journal of Finance, 68 (2013), 26172649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keloharju, M.; Linnainamaa, J. T.; and Nyberg, P.. “Return Seasonalities.” Journal of Finance, 71 (2016), 15571590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulak, J. P., and Schmidt, C.. “Vertical Integration and Predictable Returns.” Working Paper, École Polytechnique Féderalé de Lausanne (EPFL) and the University of Lausanne (2011).Google Scholar
Kumar, A., and Moon, A.. “Geographical Accessibility and Portfolio Choice.” Working Paper, University of Miami (2016).Google Scholar
Lee, C.; Sun, S. T.; Wang, R.; and Zhang, R.. “Technological Links and Predictable Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 132 (2019), 7696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehmann, B. N.Fads, Martingales, and Market Efficiency.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105 (1990), 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, A. C. M.; Agarwal, A.; Konana, P.; and Kumar, A.. “Network Analysis of Search Dynamics: The Case of Stock Habitats.” Management Science, 63 (2016), 26672687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewellen, J.; Nagel, S.; and Shanken, J.. “A Skeptical Appraisal of Asset Pricing Tests.” Journal of Financial Economics, 96 (2010), 175194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, J.; Tang, Y.; and Yan, A.. “Corporate Equity Ownership and Expected Stock Returns.” Working Paper 2766799, Gabelli School of Business, Fordham University (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, B. “Circle of Competence and the Gradual Diffusion of Information in Prices.” Working Paper, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2356752 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lo, A. W., and MacKinlay, A. C.. “Data-Snooping Biases in Tests of Financial Asset Pricing Models.” Review of Financial Studies, 3 (1990), 431467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyon, J. D.; Barber, B. M.; and Tsai, C.-L.. “Improved Methods for Tests of Long-Run Abnormal Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 54 (1999), 165201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madsen, J.Anticipated Earnings Announcements and the Customer-Supplier Anomaly.” Journal of Accounting Research, 55 (2016), 709741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menzly, L., and Ozbas, O.. “Cross-Industry Momentum.” Working Paper, University of Southern California (2004).Google Scholar
Menzly, L., and Ozbas, O.. “Market Segmentation and Cross-Predictability of Returns.” Journal of Finance, 65 (2010), 15551580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, S.Economic Links and Cross-Predictability of Stock Returns: Evidence from Characteristic-Based ‘Styles’.” Review of Finance, 23 (2019), 363395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, Q. H. “Geographic Momentum.” Working Paper, available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1921537 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noh, J. “Industry Networks and the Speed of Information Flow.” Working Paper, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2531450 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pantzalis, C., and Wang, B.. “Shareholder Coordination, Information Diffusion and Stock Returns.” Financial Review, 52 (2017), 563595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, C. A.; Sabbatucci, R.; and Titman, S.. “Geographic Momentum.” Working Paper, Centre for Economic Policy Research (2016).Google Scholar
Pástor, , $ \overset{\smile }{\mathrm{L}} $ ., and Stambaugh, R. F.. “Investing in Equity Mutual Funds.” Journal of Financial Economics, 63 (2002a), 351380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pástor, , $ \overset{\smile }{\mathrm{L}} $ ., and Stambaugh, R. F.. “Mutual Fund Performance and Seemingly Unrelated Assets.” Journal of Financial Economics, 63 (2002b), 315349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pástor, , $ \overset{\smile }{\mathrm{L}} $ ., and Stambaugh, R. F.. “Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns.” Journal of Political Economy, 111 (2003), 642685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pástor, , $ \overset{\smile }{\mathrm{L}} $ .; Stambaugh, R. F.; and Taylor, L. A.. “Scale and Skill in Active Management.” Journal of Financial Economics, 116 (2015), 2345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petzev, I. “Information Diffusion in Analyst Portfolios.” Working Paper, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2872902 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phua, J. K. “Commonality in Analyst Coverage and Information Diffusion.” Working Paper, available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3002915 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qiu, B.; Xu, F.; and Zeng, C.. “Contagious Stock Price Crashes.” Working Paper, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3069993 (2017a).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qiu, J.; Wang, J.; and Zhou, Y.. “Technology and Return Predictability.” Working Paper, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3056433 (2017b).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapach, D. E.; Strauss, J. K.; and Zhou, G.. “International Stock Return Predictability: What Is the Role of the United States?Journal of Finance, 68 (2013), 16331662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rizova, S. “Predictable Trade Flows and Returns of Trade-Linked Countries.” Working Paper, American Finance Association (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scherbina, A., and Schlusche, B.. “Cross-Firm Information Flows and the Predictability of Stock Returns.” Working Paper, available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2263033 (2015).Google Scholar
Scherbina, A., and Schlusche, B.. “Economic Linkages Inferred from News Stories and the Predictability of Stock Returns.” Working Paper, American Enterprise Institute (2016).Google Scholar
Shahrur, H.; Becker, Y. L.; and Rosenfeld, D.. “Return Predictability along the Supply Chain: The International Evidence.” Financial Analysts Journal, 66 (2010), 6077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shen, S. “Political Ties and Predictable Returns.” Working Paper, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3292672 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, J., and Birge, J. R.. “Supply Chain Network Structure and Firm Returns.” Working Paper, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2385217 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, R., and Gonzalez, A.. “Ownership Links and Return Predictability.” Working Paper, American Finance Association (2018).Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Burt and Hrdlicka supplementary material

Online Appendix

Download Burt and Hrdlicka supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 724.8 KB