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Experimental study on acoustic resonance of subsonic and slightly underexpanded impinging jets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 March 2024

Xiangru Li Open the ORCID record for Xiangru Li [Opens in a new window] ,
Feng He ,
Xiwen Zhang Open the ORCID record for Xiwen Zhang [Opens in a new window] ,
Pengfei Hao Open the ORCID record for Pengfei Hao [Opens in a new window] ,
Xuecheng Wu Open the ORCID record for Xuecheng Wu [Opens in a new window]  and
Nianhua Liu Open the ORCID record for Nianhua Liu [Opens in a new window]
Xiangru Li
Affiliation:
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Feng He*
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Xiwen Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Pengfei Hao
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Xuecheng Wu
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Nianhua Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: hefeng@tsinghua.edu.cn
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Abstract

The aeroacoustic feedback loops in high-speed circular jets that impinge on a large flat plate are investigated via acoustic measurements and schlieren visualizations. In the present experiments, the nozzle pressure ratio ranges from 1.39 to 2.20, the corresponding ideally expanded jet Mach number $M_j$ is from 0.70 to 1.12 and the nozzle-to-plate distance ($H$) is from 4.0$D$ to 6.0$D$, where $D$ is the nozzle exit diameter. The results of acoustic measurements show that the strongest tones are generated in a limited frequency band. The empirical dispersion relations obtained from the fluctuating greyscales along the jet centreline of time-resolved schlieren images have good agreement with the dispersion relations from the vortex-sheet model. The coherent flow structures at tonal frequencies are extracted by spectral proper orthogonal decomposition and are analysed in detail. For the $M_j<0.82$ jets, the upstream-propagating guided jet mode is progressively confined to the potential core of jets with increasing tonal frequency, which provides the first direct experimental support for theoretical results. The evolution in the structures of acoustic resonance loops is studied along a single frequency stage of axisymmetric impinging tones. When the acoustic resonance between the upstream- and downstream-propagating guided jet modes is formed at tonal frequencies, the impinging tones are intenser. Slightly underexpanded impinging jets can simultaneously produce impingement tones and screech tones. Shock-cell structures have modulatory effects on the downstream-propagating Kelvin–Helmholtz wavepacket and the upstream- and downstream-propagating guided jet modes. Due to the interaction between the flow structures at the frequencies of impinging and screech tones, tones of axisymmetric modes can be produced outside the frequency ranges in which the axisymmetric upstream-propagating guided jet modes are supported by jets.

JFM classification

Acoustics: Aeroacoustics Acoustics: Jet noise Aerodynamics: High-speed flow
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 983 , 25 March 2024 , A32
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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