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Turbulent drag reduction with streamwise-travelling waves in the compressible regime

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2024

Federica Gattere Open the ORCID record for Federica Gattere [Opens in a new window] ,
Massimo Zanolini ,
Davide Gatti Open the ORCID record for Davide Gatti [Opens in a new window] ,
Matteo Bernardini Open the ORCID record for Matteo Bernardini [Opens in a new window]  and
Maurizio Quadrio Open the ORCID record for Maurizio Quadrio [Opens in a new window]
Federica Gattere
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
Massimo Zanolini
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
Davide Gatti
Affiliation:
Institute for Fluid Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Matteo Bernardini
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
Maurizio Quadrio*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
*
†Email address for correspondence: maurizio.quadrio@polimi.it
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Abstract

The ability of streamwise-travelling waves of spanwise velocity to reduce the turbulent skin-friction drag is assessed in the compressible regime. Direct numerical simulations are carried out to compare drag reduction in subsonic, transonic and supersonic channel flows. Compressibility improves the benefits of the travelling waves, in a way that depends on the control parameters: drag reduction becomes larger than the incompressible one for small frequencies and wavenumbers. However, the improvement depends on the specific procedure employed for comparison. When the Mach number is varied and, at the same time, wall friction is changed by the control, the bulk temperature in the flow can either evolve freely in time until the aerodynamic heating balances the heat flux at the walls, or be constrained such that a fixed percentage of kinetic energy is transformed into thermal energy. Physical arguments suggest that, in the present context, the latter approach should be preferred. This provides a test condition in which the wall-normal temperature profile more realistically mimics that in an external flow, and also leads to a much better scaling of the results, over both the Mach number and the control parameters. Under this comparison, drag reduction is only marginally improved by compressibility.

JFM classification

Flow Control: Drag reduction Turbulent Flows: Turbulence control
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 987 , 25 May 2024 , A30
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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