Contrary to the opinion expressed in various manuals of parasitology and pathology, cases of germ-carrying by the larvae of parasitic worms from the intestines of an organism, remain extremely rare. Similarly the intestinal mucosa of the intestines damaged by parasites does not necessarily form “a gate through which takes place infection” of bacteria and viruses. This is additionally proved by experimental research conducted in the first place by Taylor (1935), Enigk (1954), Stefański (1956), as well as by Stefański and Zebrowski (1958) and also by Przyjalkowski (1958).

Favored RLE for use in promoting growth and development of Neoaplectana glaseri in axenic cultures include those made from the livers of rabbits sacrificed late in pregnancy or early postpartum, and used after subsequent refrigerated storage periods of 15–90 days.

Resistance against an infective organism is a self evident requirement for healthy survival within the endemic area of any spreading disease, the most constant and the most effective force being the immunity that is acquired as a result of infection. In developed parts of the world most members of the human community must go through the process of acquiring resistance to measles, mumps and chicken pox in order to have assurance that they will not at some time be incapacitated by one or the other. The dog community is in a similar position with regard to distemper. This principle for preparation to live healthy in an infected environment is widely accepted for the microbial crowd—diseases of man and animals, but has not so far received general acceptance for diseases caused by parasitic worms.

The life history of Olveria indica was worked out experimentally at Lucknow. Gyraulus convexiusculus was shown to be the intermediate host. The various stages in the larval development are described in detail.

Les nématodes des diplopodes malgré les recherches de Leidy depuis plus d'un siècle, ont été peu étudiés par les auteurs plus récents. Au Brésil, la faune de diplopodes est très riche, et les espèces de ces arthropodes récemment décrites par le Dr. Otto Schubart sont nombreuses. Accompagnant la richesse des espèces donnant l'hospitalité, leurs espèces parasites sont considérablement nombreuses. Nos études nous ont amené à admettre une grande spécificité entre parasite et hôte. Certaines espèces de nématodes ont été référées des ”hôtes” d'espèces très éloignés systématiquement et avec une ample distribution géographique, et il nous semble que ce fait soit dû aux difficultés qu'il y a de les caractériser convenablement.

Bildungsanomalien verschiedener Art kommen bei Cestoden relativ häung vor. Wiederholt wurden dreikantige Taenien mit Y-förmigem Querschnitt und einem Scolex mit 6 Saugnäpfen beschrieben, Zwischenschaltung unvollständiger keilförmiger Glieder, gefensterte Proglottiden, gegabelte Gliederketten und Umkehrung oder Verdopplung des Genitalapparates. Eine weitere Missbildung besteht darin, dass Glieder miteinander verschmolzen sind, so dass auf mehr oder weniger langer Strecke Gliedergrenzen zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Genitalsätzen fehlen. Diese Anomalie wurde von Colin (1875) als “Taenia fusa” oder “T. continua” bezeichnet. In den meisten veröffentlichten Fällen dieser Art war das Fehlen der Segmentation auf einzelne Stücke eines sonst normal gegliederten Wurmkörpers beschränkt. Hierher gehören z.B. folgende bei Taenia-Arten des Menschen beobachtete Fälle: ein Sammlungs-exemplar von 1830 des Royal College of Surgeons in London, das Blanchard (1894) beschrieb und abbildete, die Fälle von Colin (1875), Vallin (1877), Welch (zit. n. Blanchard 1889), Bork (1891) und eine Eigenbeobachtung von Blanchard (1894). Auch bei dem Hundebandwurm Taenia pisiformis sind entsprechende Miss-bildungen von Teilen der Strobila beschrieben worden (Neumann, 1896, Roudabush, 1941).

Starting with eggs from a natural habitat the authors were able to raise and breed Bulinus truncatus, the snail vector of schistosomiasis haematobia, under conditions of total and continuous darkness and to complete the life-cycle from egg to egg in 70 days. The rearing of a second generation was interrupted by circumstances beyond the authors’ control. Darkness is shown nevertheless to have a restrictive effect on population growth and the use of covered channels and pipes for irrigation water, although not a complete control measure, should therefore be adopted wherever possible in endemic foci of schistosomiasis haematobia where snail control is necessary.

All three genera of the Gastrodiscinae, namely, Gastrodiscus Leuckart, 1877, Homalogaster Poirier, 1883 and Gastrodiscoides Leiper, 1913 are shown to lack a true pars prostatica and cirrus pouch. The two last-mentioned have some part of the male ducts provided with cilia and all three possess papillae on the ventral surface; these papillae are demonstrated to have a very different structure in each of the three genera. These and the male ducts are described and the subfamily Gastrodiscinae and the genus Gastrodiscoides are redefined.

Gastrodiscoides hominis is recorded from a Rhesus monkey.

It is my greatest pleasure and honour to contribute a part of the series of my studies on the helminth fauna of Japan in honour of Professor R. T. Leiper, one of the most distinguished helminthologists in the world. The material on which the present paper is based was collected at the Tamano Marine Laboratory of Okayama University on the Inland Sea of Japan except for a new species of Raphidascaroides which was taken by Mr. T. Yamamoto at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, on the Pacific coast of Wakayama Prefecture. Acknowledgments are due to the staff of the Tamano Marine Laboratory and also to Mr. Yamamoto for their generous supply of the material.