Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-21T06:02:35.226Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of prestrain on high temperature impact properties of 304L stainless steel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Woei-Shyan Lee ,
Chi-Feng Lin ,
Tao-Hsing Chen  and
Meng-Chieh Yang
Woei-Shyan Lee*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Chi-Feng Lin
Affiliation:
National Center for High-Performance Computing, Hsin-Shi Tainan County 744, Taiwan
Tao-Hsing Chen
Affiliation:
Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Meng-Chieh Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: wslee@mail.ncku.edu.tw
Get access

Abstract

The effects of prestrain, strain rate, and temperature on the impact properties of 304L stainless steel are investigated using a compressive split-Hopkinson pressure bar. The impact tests are performed at strain rates ranging from 2000 to 6000 s−1 and temperatures of 300, 500, and 800 °C using 304L specimens with prestrains of 0.15 or 0.5. The results show that the flow stress, work-hardening rate, and strain rate sensitivity increase with increasing strain rate or decreasing temperature. As the prestrain increases, the flow stress and strain rate sensitivity increase, but the work-hardening rate decreases. The temperature sensitivity increases with an increasing strain rate, temperature, and prestrain. Overall, the effects of prestrain on the impact properties of the tested specimens dominate those of the strain rate or temperature, respectively. Finally, optical microscopy observations reveal that the specimens fracture primarily as the result of the formation of adiabatic shear bands.

Keywords

FractureScanning electron microscopy (SEM)Stress/strain relationship
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , April 2010 , pp. 754 - 763
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Semiatin, S.L., Holbrook, J.H.Plastic flow phenomenology of 304L stainless steel. Metall. Trans. A 14, 1681 (1983)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Venugopal, S., Mannan, S.L., Prasad, Y.V.R.K.Optimization of hot workability in stainless steel-type AISI 304L using processing maps. Metall. Trans. A 23, 3093 (1992)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Sundararaman, D., Divakar, R., Raghunathan, V.S.Microstructural features of a type 304L stainless steel deformed at 1473 K in the strain rate interval 10−3 s−1 to 102 s–1. Scr. Metall. Mater. 28, 1077 (1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Peckner, D., Bernstein, I.M.Handbook of Stainless Steels (McGraw-Hill, New York 1977)Google Scholar
5.Lula, R.A., Parr, J.G., Hanson, A.Stainless Steel (American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH 1986)Google Scholar
6.Stout, M.G., Follansbee, P.S.Strain rate sensitivity, strain hardening, and yield behavior of 304L stainless steel. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 108, 344 (1986)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Harvey, D.P. II, Terrell, J.B., Sudarshan, T.S., Louthan, M.R. Jr.Participation of hydrogen in the impact behavior of 304L stainless steel. Eng. Fract. Mech. 46, 455 (1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Shah, B.K., Sinha, A.K., Rastogi, P.K., Kulkarni, P.G.Effect of prior cold work on low temperature sensitization susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304. Mater. Sci. Technol. 6, 157 (1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Murr, L.E., Advani, A., Shankar, S., Atteridge, D.G.Effects of deformation (strain) and heat treatment on grain boundary sensitization and precipitation in austenitic stainless steels. Mater. Charact. 39, 575 (1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Rao, K.B.S., Valsan, M., Sandhya, R., Mannan, S.L., Rodriguez, P.An assessment of cold work effects on strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue behavior of type 304 stainless steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 24, 913 (1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Iino, Y.Effect of small and large amounts of prestrain at 295 K on tensile properties at 77 K of 304 stainless steel. JSME Int. J., Ser. A 35, 303 (1992)Google Scholar
12.Staudhammer, K.P., Murr, L.E.The effect of prior deformation on the residual microstructure of explosively deformed stainless steel. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 44, 97 (1980)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Zener, C., Hollomon, J.H.Effect of strain rate upon plastic flow of steel. J. Appl. Phys. 15, 22 (1944)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Timothy, S.P., Hutchings, I.M.Initiation and growth of microfractures along adiabatic shear bands in Ti–6Al–4V. Mater. Sci. Technol. 1, 526 (1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Lee, W.S., Lin, C.F.Adiabatic shear fracture of titanium alloy subjected to high strain and high temperature loadings. J. Phys. IV 7, (C3)855 (1997)Google Scholar
16.Timothy, S.P., Hutchings, I.M.Structure of adiabatic shear bands in a titanium alloy. Acta Metall. 33, 667 (1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Timothy, S.P.Structure of adiabatic shear bands in metals: A critical review. Acta Metall. 35, 301 (1987)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Bedford, A.J., Wingrove, A.L., Thompson, K.R.L.The phenomenon of adiabatic shear deformation. J. Aust. Inst. Met. 19, 61 (1974)Google Scholar
19.Xue, Q., Meyers, M.A., Nesterenko, V.F.Self organization of shear bands in stainless steel. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 384, 35 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Mason, J.J., Rosakis, A.J., Ravichandran, G.Full-field measurements of the dynamic deformation field around a growing adiabatic shear-band at the tip of a dynamically loaded crack or notch. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 42, 1679 (1994)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Lee, W.S., Lin, C.F.Impact properties and microstructure evolution of 304L stainless steel. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 308, 124 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Lee, W.S., Lin, C.F.Effects of prestrain and strain rate on the dynamic deformation characteristics of 304L stainless steel: Part I. Mechanical behavior. Mater. Sci. Technol. 18, 869 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Lee, W.S., Lin, C.F.Effects of prestrain and strain rate on the dynamic deformation characteristics of 304L stainless steel: Part II. Microstructural study. Mater. Sci. Technol. 18, 877 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Lee, W.S., Lin, C.F.Comparative study of impact response and microstructure of 304L stainless steel with and without prestrain. Metall. Trans. A 33, 2801 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Lindholm, U.S.Some experiments with the split Hopkinson pressure bar. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 12, 317 (1964)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Chiddister, J.L., Malvern, L.E.Compression-impact testing of aluminum at elevated temperatures. Exp. Mech. 3, 81 (1963)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Lee, W.S., Lin, C.F.Plastic deformation and fracture behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy loaded with high strain rate under various temperatures. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 241, 48 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Gray, G.T. III, Blumenthal, W.R., Trujillo, C.P., Carpenter, R.W.Influence of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of Adiprene L-100. J. Phys. IV 7, (C3)523 (1997)Google Scholar
29.Adharapurapu, R.R., Jiang, F., Vecchio, K.S., Gray, G.T. IIIResponse of NiTi shape memory alloy at high strain rate: A systematic investigation of temperature effects on tension-compression symmetry. Acta Mater. 54, 4609 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Ishikawa, K., Watanabe, H., Mukai, T.High temperature compressive properties over a wide range of strain rates in an AZ31 magnesium alloy. J. Mater. Sci. 40, 1577 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Hecker, S.S., Stout, M.G., Staudhammer, K.P., Smith, J.L.Effects of strain state and strain rate on deformation-induced transformation in 304 stainless steel: Part I. Magnetic measurements and mechanical behavior. Metall. Trans. A 13, 619 (1982)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Tavares, S.S.M., Fruchart, D., Miraglia, S.A magnetic study of the reversion of martensite α′ in a 304 stainless steel. J. Alloys Compd. 307, 311 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Zerilli, F.J., Armstrong, R.W.Constitutive equation for hcp metals and high strength alloy steelsHigh Strain Rate Effects on Polymer, Metal and Ceramic Matrix Composites and Other Advanced Materials AD Vol. 48 edited by Y.D.S. Rajapakse and J.R. Vinson (ASME, New York 1995)121Google Scholar
34.Zhou, M., Clifton, R.J., Needleman, A.Finite element simulations of dynamic shear localization in plate impact. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 42, 423 (1994)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Ramachandran, V., Armstrong, R.W., Zerilli, F.J.Dislocation mechanics based constitutive equations for tungsten deformation and fracturingTungsten and Tungsten Alloys-Recent Advances edited by A. Crowson and E.S. Chen (TMS, New Orleans, LA 1991)111Google Scholar
36.Steinberg, D.J., Cohran, S.G., Guinan, N.W.A constitutive model for metals applicable at high-strain rate. J. Appl. Phys. 51, 3 (1980)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Johnson, G.R., Cook, W.H.Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures, and pressures. Eng. Fract. Mech. 21, 31 (1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Campbell, J.D.Dynamic plasticity: Macroscopic and microscopic aspects. Mater. Sci. Eng. 12, 3 (1973)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Harding, J.Effect of temperature and strain rate on strength and ductility of four alloy steels. Met. Technol. 4, 6 (1977)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Clifton, R.J.Dynamic plasticity. J. Appl. Mech. 50, 941 (1983)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Regazzoni, G., Kocks, U.F., Follansbee, P.S.Dislocation kinetics at high strain rates. Acta Metall. 35, 2865 (1987)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Zerilli, F.J., Armstrong, R.W.Description of tantalum deformation behavior by dislocation mechanics based constitutive relations. Acta Metall. Mater. 40, 1803 (1992)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Johnson, J.N., Tonks, D.L.Dynamic plasticity in transition from thermal activation to viscous dragProceedings of the American Physical Society Topical Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter edited by S.C. Schmit (Williamsburg, VA 1991)371Google Scholar
44.Follansbee, P.S., Regazzni, G., Kocks, U.F.The transition to drag-controlled deformation in copper at high strain ratesMechanical Properties at High Rates of Strain Vol. 70 edited by J. Hardening (Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser 1984)77Google Scholar
45.Zener, C., Hollomon, J.H.Effect of strain rate upon plastic flow of steel. J. Appl. Phys. 15, 22 (1944)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46.Mataya, M.C., Sackschewsky, V.E.Effect of internal heating during hot compression on the stress–strain behavior of alloy 304L. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 25, 2737 (1994)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47.Kapoor, R., Nemat-Nasser, S.Determination of temperature rise during high strain rate deformation. Mech. Mater. 27, 1 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48.Guo, W.G., Nemat-Nasser, S.Flow stress of Nitronic-50 stainless steel over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures. Mech. Mater. 38, 1090 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49.Picu, R.C., Majorell, A.Mechanical behavior of Ti–6Al–4V at high and moderate temperatures—Part II: Constitutive modeling. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 326, 306 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50.Semiatin, S.L., Lahoti, G.D.Occurrence of shear bands in isothermal hot forging. Metall. Trans. A 13, 275 (1982)CrossRefGoogle Scholar