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^{page 632 note 1} Klapp, op. cit. pp. 13–25.

^{page 632 note 2} Dettman, Paul R., ‘Leaders and Structures in Third World Politics’, in Comparative Politics, VI, 2, 1974, pp. 245–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 632 note 3} Mazrui, Ali A., ‘The Resurrection of the Warrior Tradition in African Political Culture’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), XIII, 1, 03 1975, pp. 67–84.Google Scholar

^{page 632 note 4} Aidan Southall, ‘General Amin and the Coup: great man or historical inevitability?’, in ibid. XIII, 1, March 1975, pp. 85–105.

^{page 632 note 5} Scarritt, James R., ‘Adoption of Political Styles by African Politicians in the Rhodesias’, in Midwest Journal of Political Science (Detroit), X, 1, 02 1966, pp. 1–28.Google Scholar

^{page 632 note 6} Spiro, Herbert J., ‘Comparative Politics: a comprehensive approach’, in The American Political Science Review (Menasha), LVI, 3, 09 1962, pp. 577–95.Google Scholar

^{page 632 note 7} West Africa provides excellent examples of heraldic leadership symbols. Each of the 11 Kings of Abomey from 1625–1898 adopted an heraldic saying, which was then pictorially represented on an applique tapestry by the royal weavers. Kofi Antubam identified over 100 symbolic objects adorning traditional state regalia among the Akan, each associated with a maxim or proverb thought to be appropriate to a political position, a particular chieftaincy, or an important röle; Ghana's Heritage of Culture (Leipzig, 1963), pp. 165–83. The relationship between traditional politics and art is well covered by Fraser, Douglas and Cole, Herbert M. (eds.), African Art and Leadership (Madison, 1972).Google Scholar

^{page 633 note 1} Dettman, loc. cit. p. 251.

^{page 633 note 2} Bienen, Henry, Kenya: the politics of participation and control (Princeton, 1970), p. 107.Google Scholar

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^{page 634 note 1} Finlay, David, ‘Ghana and Ideological justification’, in Finlay, , Holsti, Ole, and Fagen, Richard, Enemies in Politics (Chicago, 1967), pp. 97–183.Google Scholar

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^{page 634 note 4} Rouch, ibid. p. 71.

^{page 634 note 5} In later years, Dr Kofi Busia used ‘Prof.’ – short for ‘Professor’ – with excellent effect in his quest for political power.

^{page 634 note 6} Omari, op. cit. pp. 215–20.

^{page 634 note 7} Rouch, op. cit. p. 71.

^{page 635 note 1} Apter, David, Ghana in Transition (Princeton, 1972), p. 358.Google Scholar

^{page 635 note 2} Dettman, loc. cit. p. 259.

^{page 635 note 3} Pike, John G., Malawi: a political and economic history (London and New York, 1968), p. 171.Google Scholar

^{page 635 note 4} Prouzet, Michel, Le Cameroun (Paris, 1974), p. 240.Google Scholar

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^{page 636 note 1} Scarrit, loc. cit. pp. 3 and 20–1.

^{page 636 note 2} ‘The Trauma of Independence in French-Speaking Africa’, in The Journal of Developing Areas (Macomb, Ill.), 11, 2, 1968, pp. 211–24.

^{page 637 note 1} Vine, Victor T. Le, ‘Parliaments in Francophone Africa: some lessons from the decolonization process’, 08 1975Google Scholar.

^{page 637 note 2} Mazrui, ‘The Resurrection of the Warrior Tradition’, loc. cit.

^{page 638 note 1} Le Vine, ‘The Trauma of Independence’, loc. cit.