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Senegal's Rôle in Ecomog: the Francophone Dimension in the Liberian Crisis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

Robert A. Mortimer
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Extract

The phenomenon of state breakdown in the post-cold war era has significantly increased the demand for peacekeeping operations around the world. The United Nations has stepped boldly into the breach, considerably expanding its interventions in hotspots on all continents. Yet the capacity of the UN to respond is often uncertain, and this has sparked interest in the concept of regional peacekeeping as an alternative, especially since the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) deployed the Cease-fire Monitoring Group (Ecomog) to stem the ravages of civil war in Liberia.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 34 , Issue 2 , June 1996 , pp. 293 - 306
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

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References

1 See, for example, Adeleke, Ademola, ‘The Politics and Diplomacy of Peacekeeping in West Africa: the Ecowas operation in Liberia’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 33, 4, 12 1995, pp. 569–93,CrossRefGoogle Scholar as well as Mortimer, Robert A., ‘Ecomog, Liberia, and Regional Security in West Africa’,Google Scholar and Vogt, Margaret, ‘The Involvement of Ecowas in Peacekeeping in Liberia’, in Keller, Edmond J. and Rothchild, Donald (eds.), Africa in the New International Order: rethinking state sovereignty and regional security (Boulder, 1996), pp. 149–64 and 165–83.Google Scholar

2 Costa, Peter da, in West Africa (London), 3–9 09 1990, p. 2390, and 10–16 September 1990, p. 2439.Google Scholar

3 Ibid. 17–23 September 1990, p. 2478.

4 United States Congress, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Sub-Committee on Africa, Crisis in Liberia: the regional impact. Hearing, July 16, 1991, 102nd Congress, First Session (Washington, DC, 1992), p. 33.Google Scholar

5 According to The Washington Post, 11 September 1991, the US Government also forgave Senegal's $42 million debt during President Diouf's visit to Washington, as it was doing for other states that had contributed forces to the Gulf War.Google Scholar

6 Statement on ‘Assistance to Peacekeeping Efforts in Liberia’, in Foreign Policy Bulletin: the documentary record of United States foreign Policy (Cambridge, MA), 11–12 1991, p. 28.Google Scholar

7 After the discovery that American-made jeeps purchased by Doe's régime were still awaiting shipment in the port of Dakar, these vehicles were handed over to the Senegalese armed forces as well.

8 Foreign Broadcast Information Service – Daily Report, Africa (Washington, DC), 20 September 1991.Google Scholar

9 Ibid. 2 October 1991.

10 Ibid. 6 November 1991

11 Fraternité Matin (Abidjan), 9 01 1992.Google Scholar

12 Foreign Broadcast Information Service, 12 June 1992.

13 Jeune Afrique (Paris), 3–9 09 1992, p. 23.Google Scholar

14 Barrett, Lindsay, ‘Why Senegal Withdrew’, in West Africa, 25–31 January 1993, pp. 102–4.Google Scholar

15 It should be noted that there was considerable domestic opposition to Ecomog in Nigeria, where some commentators spoke of ‘Nigeria's Vietnam’, not least since 58 of the country's soldiers had been killed in the first 16 months of the operation.

16 Costa, Peter da, ‘Talking Tough to Taylor’, in Africa Report (New York), 01–02 1993, p. 21.Google Scholar

17 Africa Research Bulletin: political, social and cultural series (Oxford), 11 1992, p. 10793.Google Scholar

18 US Congress, op. cit. p. 34.

19 Ibid.

20 Cited in Faes, Géraldine, ‘Togo: l'effet Cohen’, in Jeune Afrique, 2–8 July 1992, p. 24.Google Scholar See also her ‘La Guéguerre des diplomates’, in ibid. 3–9 December 1992, pp. 14–17, and François Soudan, ‘Jours tranquilles à Nouakchott’, in ibid. 22–28 April 1993, pp. 20–3.

21 Géraldine Faes, ‘L'Afrique, la France, et nous’, in ibid. 17–23 December 1992, pp. 38–9.