Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-2lccl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T07:36:43.435Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene echinoids from northern Patagonia, Argentina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Sara Graciela Parma  and
Silvio Casadío
Sara Graciela Parma
Affiliation:
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina,
Silvio Casadío
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Uruguay 151, 6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Echinoids are among the most conspicuous and diverse constituents of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene marine invertebrate fauna of Argentina. Nine species were collected from localities exposing the Jagüel (Maastrichtian), Roca (Maastrichtian–Danian), Salamanca (Danian), Arroyo Barbudo (Danian), El Fuerte (Danian), and Arroyo Salado (Danian) Formations in northern Patagonia, Argentina. Only one of these taxa, Paraster joannisboehmi (Oppenheim in Böhm, 1903), has been described previously from Argentina. Four taxa, Gauthieria menuthiae (Lambert and Savin in Lambert and Thiéry, 1911), Nucleopygus pullatus (Stoliczka, 1873), Diplodetus nutrix (Lambert in Boule, 1899), and Hemiaster hawkinsi Lambert, 1933, have been described previously from Madagascar. One species, Micropsis desori (Cotteau in Leymerie and Cotteau, 1856), has been described previously from France. One taxon, Pygopistes parrasae is a new species. Argentinian cassiduloids include the only two known Danian species of Nucleopygus and Pygopistes. The spatangoids were not strongly affected by the K-T extinction event. Comparisons of the Patagonian echinoids with those of the Northern Hemisphere indicate that they were strongly influenced by dispersal from Tethyan sources.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 79 , Issue 6 , November 2005 , pp. 1072 - 1087
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agassiz, L. 1840. Catalogus systematicus ectyporum echinodermatum fossilium museo Neocomensis. Oliv. Petitpierre (Neocomi Helvetorum), 20 p.Google Scholar
Agassiz, L., and Desor, E. 1846–1847. Catalogue raisonné des familles, des genres et des espèces de la classe des échinodermes. L. Martinet, Paris, 167 p. (Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 6:305–347; 7:129–168; 8:5–35, 355–380).Google Scholar
Ameghino, F. 1906. Les Formations Sédimentaires du Crétacé Supérieur et du Tertiaire de Patagonie avec un paralléle entre leurs faunes mam-malogiques et celles de lancien continent. Anales Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 15(8):1–568.Google Scholar
Barrio, C. A. 1991. Controles en la sedimentación de cuencas foreland. El ejemplo del Grupo Malargüe (Campaniano–Paleoceno) en la cuenca Neuquina, Argentina. 6 Congreso Geológico Chileno, Resúmenes Expandidos, p. 597–601.Google Scholar
Bernasconi, I. 1959. Equinoideos fósiles de la colección del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. Physis, 21:137–176.Google Scholar
Bertels, A. 1965. Noticia sobre el hallazgo de restos de equinodermos en el Paleoceno de General Roca (pcia. de Río Negro). Ameghiniana, 4:84–96.Google Scholar
Böhm, J. 1903. Uber Ostreen von General Roca am Rio Negro. Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 55, 4:71–72.Google Scholar
Boule, M. 1899. Note sur de nouveaux fossiles secondaires de Madagascar. Bulletin du Muséum dHistoire Naturelle, 5:130–134.Google Scholar
Brito, I. M. 1980. Os equinóides fósseis do Brasil. I-Os endocíclicos. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 52:569–590.Google Scholar
Brito, I. M. 1981. Os Equinóides Fósseis do Brasil. III-Espatangóides, Exceto Hemiasteridae. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 53:569–578.Google Scholar
Burckhardt, C. 1901. Le Gisement supracrétacique de Roca (Río Negro). Revista del Museo de La Plata, 10:207–223.Google Scholar
Camacho, H. H. 1970. Nuevos fósiles del Cretácico Superior (Maastrichtiano) del departamento Malargüe, provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 7:329–334.Google Scholar
Camacho, H. H. 1992. Algunas consideraciones acerca de la transgresión marina paleocena en la Argentina. Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba Miscelánea, 85, 41 p.Google Scholar
Casadío, S. 1994. Estratigrafía y paleontología del intervalo Maastrichtiano-Daniano en el occidente de la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 420 p.Google Scholar
Casadío, S. 1998. Las ostras del límite Cretácico-Paleógeno de la cuenca Neuquina (Argentina). Su importancia bioestratigráfica y paleobiogeográfica. Ameghiniana, 35:449–471.Google Scholar
Casadío, S., Parras, A., Concheyro, A., and Pires, M. 1998. El dia-cronismo de la sedimentación carbonática en la cuenca Neuquina durante la transición Cretácico-Paleógeno. 7 Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía Resúmenes, p. 125.Google Scholar
Checchia-Rispoli, G. 1933. Echinidi Cretacei della Tripolitania. Bollettino del Reale Ufficio Geologico d' Italia, 58:1–14.Google Scholar
Clark, H. L. 1917. Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 46(2):81–284, pls. 144–161.Google Scholar
Clark, W. B. 1893. The Mesozoic Echinodermata of the United States. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, 97, 207 p.Google Scholar
Clark, W. B., and Twitchell, M. W. 1915. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Echinodermata of the United States, Pt. I, The Mesozoic Echinodermata by W. B. Clark, Pt. II, The Cenozoic Echinodermata by W. B. Clark and M. W. Twitchell. United States Geological Survey Monographs, 54, 341 p.Google Scholar
Claus, C. F. W. 1876. Grundzügue der Zoologie (third edition). N.G Elwert, Marburg, 1,254 p.Google Scholar
Claus, C. F. W. 1880. Grundzügue der Zoologie (fourth edition). N.G Elwert, Marburg, 2,522 p.Google Scholar
Cooke, C. W. 1953. American Upper Cretaceous Echinoidea. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 254-A, 44 p.Google Scholar
Cooke, C. W. 1959. Cenozoic echinoids of eastern United States. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 321, 106 p.Google Scholar
Coquand, H. 1862. Géologie et paléontologie de la région sud de la province de Constantine. Mémoires de la Société d'Émulation de la Provence, 2, 342 p.Google Scholar
Cotteau, G. 1869. Echinides nouveau ou peu connus. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, serie 2, 21:238–248.Google Scholar
Cotteau, G. 1877. Description des Échinides de la Colonie du Garumnien. Annales des Sciences Géologiques, 9:55–72.Google Scholar
Cotteau, G. 1883. Échinides Jurassiques, Crétacés et Tertiaires du sud-ouest de la France. Annales de la Société des Sciences Naturalles de la Charente-Inférieure, 19:45–253.Google Scholar
Cotteau, G., Peron, P. A., and Gauthier, V. 1881. Échinides fossiles de l Algérie: Fascícule 7: Étage Sénonien. Masson, Paris, 197 p.Google Scholar
Cottreau, J. 1908. Paléontologie de Madagascar; 6. Les échinides. Annales de Paléontologie, 3:145–188.Google Scholar
Cottreau, J. 1922. Paléontologie de Madagascar, 10. Fossiles crétacés de la côte orientale. Annales de Paléontologie, 11:111–188.Google Scholar
Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D., and Brongniart, A. 1822. Description Géologique des Environs de Paris (third edition). Dufour et d'Ocagne, Paris, 428 p.Google Scholar
de Loriol, P. 1887. Notes pour servir à l étude des échinodermes. Recueil Zoologique Suisse, 4:365–407.Google Scholar
Desor, E. 1842. Des galérites: Monographies d échinodermes vivans et fossiles, par Louis Agassiz, Monographie 3, 94 p.Google Scholar
Digregorio, J. H. 1978. Estratigrafía de las acumulaciones mesozoicas. 7 Congreso Geológico Argentino, Relatorio, p. 37–66.Google Scholar
Doncieux, L. 1905. Catalogue descriptif des fossiles nummultiques de lAube et de l Hérault. Annales de l Université de Lyon, n.s., 17, 184 p.Google Scholar
Duncan, P. M., and Sladen, W. P. 1882a. The fossil Echinoidea from the strata beneath the trap (Cardita beaumonti beds). Palaeontologia Indica, 14th Series, 1:1–20.Google Scholar
Duncan, P. M., and Sladen, W. P. 1882b. The fossil Echinoidea from the Ranikot Series of nummulitic strata in western Sind. Palaeontologia Indica, 14th Series, 1:21–100.Google Scholar
Feldmann, R. M., Casadío, S., Chirino-Galvez, L., and Aguirre-Urreta, M. 1995. Fossil decapod crustaceans from the Jaguel and Roca Formations (Maastrichtian–Danian) of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Paleontological Society Memoir, 43, 22 p.Google Scholar
Fischer, A. G. 1966. Spatangoids, p. U543–U628. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology, Echinodermata 3(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 695 p.Google Scholar
Goldfuss, G. A. 1826–1833. Petrefacta Germaniae tam ea quae in Museo Universitatis Regiae Borussicae Fridericiae Rhenanae servantur quam alia quaecumque in Museis Hoeninghusiano aliisque extant Iconibus et Descriptionibus illustrata, 1. Arnz, Düsseldorf, 252 p., 71 pls.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossouvre, A. de. 1901. Recherches sur la Craie supérieure: Stratigraphie générale. Mémoires de la Service pour la Carte Géologique de France, 1,013 p.Google Scholar
Haq, B. U., Hardenbol, J., and Vail, P. R. 1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science, 235:1156–1167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawkins, H. L. 1923. Some Cretaceous Echinoidea from Jamaica. Geological Magazine, 60:199–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jagt, J. W. M. 1999a. Echinoderms and K/T boundary in the Maastrichtian type area (SE Netherlands, NE Belgium), p. 301–306. In Carnevali, C. and Bonasoro, F. (eds.), Echinoderm Research. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam/Brookfield.Google Scholar
Jagt, J. W. M. 1999b. An overview of Late Cretaceous and Early Palaeogene echinoderm faunas from Liège-Limburg (Belgium, The Netherlands). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la terre, 69, Supp. A:103–118.Google Scholar
Jagt, J. W. M. 2000. Late Cretaceous–Early Palaeogene echinoderms and the K/T boundary in the southeast Netherlands and northeast Belgium, part 4: Echinoids. Scripta Geologica, 121:181–375.Google Scholar
Jagt, J. W. M., Anderson, S. B., and Jacobsen, S. L. 1998. The echinoid Gauthieria alterna from the uppermost Maastrichtian of Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 45:23–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jagt, J. W., Raymond, W., van der Ham, R., and Indeherberge, L. 1999. A note on Salenia gr. nutrix Peron and Gauthier, 1881 (Echinoidea) from the Maastrichtian type area (Southeastern Netherlands, Northeastern Belgium). Journal of Paleontology, 73:663–666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeannet, A. 1928. Contribution à létude des échinides tertiaries de la Trinité et du Venezuela. Mémoires de la Societé Paléontologique Suisse, 48, 49 p.Google Scholar
Jeffery, C. 1998. Carrying on regardless: The echinoid genus Cyclaster at the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. Lethaia, 31:149–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kier, P. M. 1957. Tertiary Echinoidea from British Somaliland. Journal of Paleontology, 31:839–903.Google Scholar
Kroh, A. 2001. Echinoids from the Danian (Lower Paleocene) Bruderndorf Formation of Austria, p. 377–463. In Piller, W. E. and Rossen, M. W. (eds.), Paleogene of the Eastern Alps, 14. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schriftenreihe der Erdwissenschaftlichen Kommissionen, Wien.Google Scholar
Lambert, J. 1888. Note sur un nouveau genre déchinide de la craie de 1 Yonne. Bulletin de la Societé Scientifique de 1 Yonne, 42, 9 p.Google Scholar
Lambert, J. 1898. Note sur les échinides de la Craie de Ciply. Bulletin de la Societé Belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie et dHydrologie, 11:141–190.Google Scholar
Lambert, J. 1903. Note sur quelques nouveaux échinides crétacés de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, fourth series, 3:75–88.Google Scholar
Lambert, J. 1905. Page 129–164. In Doncieux, A., Fossiles nummulitiques de l Aube et de l Herault. Annales de la Université de Lyon, 17.Google Scholar
Lambert, J. 1910. Les Echinides des iles Snow-Hill et Seymour-Wissennschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903, Stockholm, 3:1–15.Google Scholar
Lambert, J. 1920. Sur quelques genres nouveaux déchinides. Mémoires de la Société Académique dAgriculture, des Sciences, Arts et Belles-lettres du Département de lAube; third series, 55:145–174.Google Scholar
Lambert, J. 1933. Échinides de Madagascar communiqués par M. H. Besaire. Madagascar Annales Géologiques du Service des Mines, 3, 49 p.Google Scholar
Lambert, J., and Thiéry, P. 1911. Essai de Nomenclature Raisonnée des Échinides. Libraire Septime Ferriere, Chaumont, p. 161–240, pls. 5, 6.Google Scholar
Leske, N. G. 1778. Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis dispositio. Echinodermatum. Addimenta ad Kleinii dispositionem Echinodermatum. Officina Gleditschiana, 279 p.Google Scholar
Leymerie, A., and Cotteau, G. 1856. Catalogue des échinides fossiles des Pyrénées. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, second series, 8:319–355.Google Scholar
Malumián, N. 1999. La sedimentación y el volcanismo terciarios en la Patagonia extraandina, p. 557–612. In Caminos, R. (ed.), Geología Argentina. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales Anales, 29(18).Google Scholar
Malumián, N., and Caramés, A. 1995. El Daniano marino de Patagonia (Argentina): Paleobiogeografía de los foraminíferos bentónicos, p. 83–105. In Náñez, C. (ed.), Paleogeno de América del Sur. Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial 3.Google Scholar
Markov, A. V. 1994. Morphology, systematics and phylogeny of schizasterid sea-urchins. Trudy Paleontologisches–kogo Instituta Rossis-kaya Akademiya Nauk, 258, 94 p.Google Scholar
Maury, C. J. 1930. O Cretaceo da Parahyba do Norte. Serviço Geologico e Mineralogico do Brasil, Monographia, 8, 305 p.Google Scholar
McNamara, K. J., and Philip, G. M. 1980. Australian Tertiary schizasterid echinoids. Alcheringa, 4:47–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortensen, T. 1903. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. Vol. IV. Echinoidea (Pt. 1). Copenhagen, 193 p., 21 pls.Google Scholar
Mortensen, T. 1904. The Danish Expedition to Siam, 1899–1900. II. Echinoidea (1). Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, 7, 124 p.Google Scholar
Morton, S. G. 1830. Synopsis of the organic remains of the ferruginous sand formation of the United States, with geological remarks, Pt. 2, American Journal of Science, 18:243–250.Google Scholar
Néraudeau, D., and Mathey, B. 2000. Biogeography and diversity of South Atlantic Cretaceous echinoids: Implications for circulation patterns. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 156:71–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Néraudeau, D., Crame, J. A., and Kooser, M. 2000. Upper Cretaceous echinoids from James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Geobios, 33:455–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papu, O. H., Prámparo, M. B., Náñez, C., and Concheyro, A. 2000. Palinología y micropaleontología de la Formación Jagüel (Maastrichtiano–Daniano), perfil Opaso, cuenca Neuquina, Argentina, p. 17–31. In Náñez, C. (ed.), Actas Simposio Paleógeno de América del Sur, Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino Anales, 33.Google Scholar
Parma, S. G. 1989. Los primeros Cassidulidae (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida) de la Formación Roca (Paleoceno), Casa de Piedra (límite entre las provincias de Río Negro y La Pampa), República Argentina. 6 Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía, Actas 4:93–98.Google Scholar
Parma, S. G. 1996a. Equinoideos del límite Cretácico–Paleógeno en el occidente de la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 33:231.Google Scholar
Parma, S. G. 1996b. Equinoideos de las Formaciones Roca y El Fuerte (Daniano), cuencas Neuquina y del Colorado, Argentina. Congreso Paleógeno de América del Sur, La Pampa, Argentina, Resúmenes, p. 20.Google Scholar
Parras, A. 1999. Estratigrafía y paleontología del Grupo Malargüe (límite Cretácico–Paleógeno) en la provincia de Mendoza. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 327 p.Google Scholar
Parras, A., and Casadío, S. 1999. Paleogeografía del sector septentrional de la cuenca Neuquina, durante el intervalo Campaniano–Daniano. 7 Jornadas Pampeanas de Ciencias Naturales, Actas, p. 261–268.Google Scholar
Parras, A., Casadío, S., and Pires, M. 1998. Secuencias depositaciona-les del Grupo Malargüe (límite Cretácico–Paleógeno), sur de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, p. 181–192. In Casadío, S. (ed.), Paleógeno de América del Sur y de la Península Antártica, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina Publicación Especial, 5.Google Scholar
Pomel, A. 1869. Revue des échinodermes et de leur classfication pour servir d introduction à létude des fossiles. Deyrolle, Paris, 67 p.Google Scholar
Pomel, A. 1883. Classification méthodique et genera des échinides vivants et fossiles. Adolphe Jourdan, Alger, 131 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reichler, V., and Camacho, H. H. 1991. Bioestratigrafía del Terciario marino entre los cerros Fuerte Argentino y Bandera, provincia de Río Negro. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, 221:19–34.Google Scholar
Riccardi, A. C. 1988. The Cretaceous system of southern South America. Geological Society of America Memoir, 168, 161 p.Google Scholar
Roman, J., and Gorodiski, A. 1959. Échinides éocènes du Sénégal. Notes du Service de Géologie et de Prospection Minière, 3, 91 p.Google Scholar
Sanchez Roig, M. 1949. Los equinodermos fósiles de Cuba. Paleontología Cubana, 1, 330 p.Google Scholar
Savin, L. 1903. Catalogue raisonnée des échinides fossiles de la Savoie. Bulletin de la Société dHistoire Naturelle de Savoie, second series, 8:59–249.Google Scholar
Schlüter, C. 1900. Ueber einige Kreide-Echiniden. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesselschaft, 52:360–379.Google Scholar
Scotese, C. R., Gahagan, L. M., Larson, R. L. 1988. Plate tectonic reconstructions of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic ocean basins. Tectonophysics, 155:27–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slocum, A. W. 1909. New echinoids from the Ripley Group of Mississippi. Field Museum of Natural History Publication, 134; Geological Series, 4, p. 16.Google Scholar
Smith, A. B., and Jeffery, C. H. 2000. Maastrichtian and Paleocene echinoids: A key to world faunas. The Palaeontological Association London, Special Papers in Palaeontology, 63, 406 p.Google Scholar
Smith, A. B., and Wright, C. W. 1999. British Cretaceous echinoids, Pt. 5, Holectypoida, Echinoneoida. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 612:343–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. B., and Wright, C. W. 2000. British Cretaceous echinoids, Pt. 6, Neognathostomata (Cassiduloids). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 615:391–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. G., Hurley, A. M., and Briden, J. C. 1981. Phanerozoic Paleocontinental World Maps. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 102 p.Google Scholar
Smith, A. B., Gallemí, J., Jeffery, C. H., Ernst, G., and Ward, P. D. 1999. Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary echinoids from northern Spain: Implications for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Geology), 55:81–137.Google Scholar
Sorignet, L. A. 1850. Oursins fossiles de deux arrondissements du département de lEure (Louviers et Andelys). Barbarot, Vernon, 83 p.Google Scholar
Stoliczka, F. 1873. The Cretaceous fauna of southern India. The Echinodermata. Memoir Geological Survey India, eighth series, 4:1–59.Google Scholar
Tanaka, K., Kanie, Y., and Obata, I. 1979. Maastrichtian and Danian echinoids from northwestern Madagascar. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, series C, 5:25–50.Google Scholar
Tessier, F., and Roman, J. 1973. Études paléontologiques et géologiques sur les Falaises de Fresco (Côte dIvoire). 6, Échinides. Annales de la Faculté des Sciences, Dakar, 26:139–171.Google Scholar
Tunik, M. A. 2001. Análisis sedimentológico y tectónico de la primera ingresión atlántica en la Alta Cordillera de Mendoza. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 258 p.Google Scholar
Tunik, M. A., and Aguirre-Urreta, M. B. 2002. Correlación entre la Formación Saldeño y el Grupo Malargüe en el sur de Mendoza. 15 Congreso Geológico Argentino, 1:524–529.Google Scholar
Tunik, M. A., and Concheyro, A. 2002. Primer hallazgo de nanofósiles calcáreos en la Formación Saldeño (Cretácico Tardío), Alta Cordillera de Mendoza. 15 Congreso Geológico Argentino, 1:530–535.Google Scholar
Uliana, M. A., and Biddle, K. T. 1988. Mesozoic–Cenozoic paleogeographic and geodynamic evolution of southern South America. Revista Brasileira de Geociencias, 18:172–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uliana, M. A., and Dellapé, D. A. 1981. Estratigrafía y evolución paleoambiental de la sucesión maastrichtiana-eoterciaria del engolfa-miento neuquino. (Patagonia Septentrional). 8 Congreso Geológico Argentino, 3:673–711.Google Scholar
Urien, C. M., Zambrano, J. J., and Yrigoyen, M. R. 1995. Pretroleum basins of southern South America, p. 63–77. In Tankard, A. J., Suarez, R., and Welsink, H. J. (eds.), Petroleum Basins of South America. American Association of Petroleum Geologist Memoir, 62.Google Scholar
van der Ham, R. 1988. Echinoids from the Lower Palaeocene (Danian) of the Maastricht area (NE Belgium, SE Netherlands): Preliminary results. Mededelingen van der Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie, 25:127–161.Google Scholar
Wanner, J. 1902. Die Fauna der obersten weissen Kreide der libyschen Wüste. Palaeontographica, 30:91–152.Google Scholar
Yrigoyen, M. R. 1969. Problemas estratigráficos del Terciario de Argentina. Ameghiniana, 6:315–329.Google Scholar