Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T22:13:39.611Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Latest early to early Middle Devonian trilobites from the Erbenochile Bed, Jbel Issoumour, Southeastern Morocco

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Brian D. E. Chatterton  and
Stacey Gibb
Brian D. E. Chatterton
Affiliation:
Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada, ,
Stacey Gibb
Affiliation:
Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada, ,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A bed on Jbel Issoumour, near Alnif in southeastern Morocco, contains numerous complete trilobites. The bed is located stratigraphically at the base of the El Otfal Formation, immediately above a cliff-forming resistant unit known to local trilobite miners as the ‘grand calcaire’, and is latest Emsian or early Eifelian in age. The fauna exhibits an alpha trilobite diversity of at least eight species, including Erbenochile issoumourensis n. sp., Acanthopyge (Lobopyge) bassei n. sp., and Walliserops lindoei n. sp. The absence of lateral palpebral extensions in E. issoumourensis but their presence in the type species of Erbenochile, E. erbeni, when considered with other differences in the exceptionally large eyes of both species, supports the hypothesis that these palpebral structures functioned as eyeshades in E. erbeni but not in E. issoumourensis. Walliserops lindoei has a short, stout haft at the base of the trident anterior cephalic projection, which is the most characteristic feature of Walliserops. This projection in Walliserops primarily functioned as a deterrent to predators.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 84 , Issue 6 , November 2010 , pp. 1188 - 1205
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adrain, J. M., Westrop, S. R., Chatterton, B. D. E., and Ramsköld, L. 2000. Silurian trilobite alpha diversity and the end-Ordovician mass extinction. Paleobiology, 26:625–646.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alberti, G. K. B. 1969. Trilobiten des jüngeren Siluriums sowie des Unter- und Mitteldevons, I. Mit Beiträgen zur Silur-Devon-Stratigraphie einiger Gebiete Marokkos und Oberfrankens. Abhandlungen des senckenbergischen naturfoschenden Gessellschaft, 520:1–692.Google Scholar
Alberti, G. K. B. 1970. Trilobiten des jüngeren Siluriums sowie des Unter- und Mitteldevons, II. Abhandlungen des senckenbergischen naturfoschenden Gessellschaft, 525:1–233.Google Scholar
Alberti, G. K. B. 1981. Beziehungen zwischen “herzynischen” Trilobitenfauna aus NW-Marokko und Deutschland (Unter- und Mittel-Devon). Natur und Museum, 111:362–369.Google Scholar
Basse, M. 2004. Eifel-Trilobiten 2. Phacopida 1. Edition Goldschneck. Wiebelsheim, Germany, 198 p.Google Scholar
Basse, M. and Müller, P. 2004. Eifel-Trilobiten III. Corynexochida, Proetida (2), Harpetida, Phacopida (2), Lichida. Edition Goldschneck. Wiebelsheim, Germany, 261 p.Google Scholar
Beyrich, E. 1845. Über einige böhmischen Trilobiten. Verlag G. Reimer, 47 p.Google Scholar
Brongniart, A. and Desmarest, A. G. 1822. Histoire naturelle de Crustacés fossiles, sous les rapports zoologiques et géologiques. Savoir: Les Trilobites. F. G. Levrault, Paris, 154 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bultynck, P. 1985. Lower Devonian (Emsian) – Middle Devonian (Eifelian and lowermost Givetian) conodont successions from the Ma'der and the Tafilalt, southern Morocco. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 75:261–286.Google Scholar
Bultynck, P. and Hollard, H. 1980. Distribution comparée de Conodontes at Goniatites dévoniens des plaines du Dra, du Ma'der et du Tafilalt. Aardkundige Medelingen, 1:7–93.Google Scholar
Bultynck, P. and Walliser, O. H. 2000. Devonian boundaries in the Moroccan Anti-Atlas. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 225:211–226.Google Scholar
Chatterton, B. D. E. and Ludvigsen, R. 2004. Early Silurian trilobites of Anticosti Island, Québec, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana, 22:1–264.Google Scholar
Chatterton, B. D. E., Fortey, R. A., Brett, K., Gibb, S., and McKellar, R. 2006. Trilobites from the upper Lower to Middle Devonian Timrhanrhart Formation, Jbel Gara el Zguilma, southern Morocco. Palaeontographica Canadiana, 24:1–177.Google Scholar
Delo, D. M. 1935. New Phacopinae from the Devonian of Oklahoma and Iowa. Journal of Paleontology, 9:421–423.Google Scholar
Destombes, J. and Henry, J.-L. 1987. Trilobites Calmoniidae de l'Ordovicien supérieur du Maroc et les origines de la Province Malvino-Cafre. Lethaia, 20:129–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Döring, S. and Kazmierczak, M. 2001. Stratigraphy, geometry and facies of a Middle Devonian ramp-to-basin transect (eastern Anti-Atlas, SE Morocco). Facies, 44:137–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebach, M. C. and Ahyong, S. T. 2001. Phylogeny of the trilobite Subgenus Acanthopyge (Lobopyge). Cladistics, 17:1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edgecombe, G. D. 1991. Systematic studies on phacopide trilobites. , Columbia University, New York.Google Scholar
Edgecombe, G. D. 1993. Silurian acastacean trilobites of the Americas. Journal of Paleontology, 67:535–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eldredge, N. 1971. Patterns of cephalic musculature in the Phacopina (Trilobita) and their phylogenetic significance. Journal of Paleontology, 45:52–67.Google Scholar
Eldredge, N. 1979. Cladism and common sense, p. 165–198. In Cracraft, J. and Eldredge, N. (eds.). Phylogenetic analysis and Paleontology, Columbia University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fortey, R. A. and Chatterton, B. D. E. 2003. A Devonian trilobite with an eyeshade. Science, 301:1969.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fortey, R. A. and Owens, R. M. 1975. Proetida – a new order of trilobites. Fossils and Strata, 4:227–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gandl, J. 1972. Die Acastavinae und Asteropyginae (Trilobita) Keltiberiens (NE Spanien). Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 530:1–184.Google Scholar
Gibb, S. and Chatterton, B. D. E., 2007. Timsaloproetus new genus (Proetida: Trilobita) and included species from Lower and Middle Devonian strata of southern Morocco. Journal of Paleontology, 81:352–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibb, S. and Chatterton, B. D. E., 2010. Gerastos (Order Proetida; Class Trilobita) from the Lower to Middle Devonian of the southern Moroccan Anti-Atlas Region. Palaeontographica Canadiana, 30:1–87.Google Scholar
Goldfuss, A. 1843. Systematische übersichte der Trilobiten und Beschreibung einiger neue Arten derselben. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie, und Petrefaktenkunde, Stuttgart (for 1843):537–567.Google Scholar
Haas, W. 1970. Zur Phylogenie und Systematik der Asteropyginae und Beschriebung einiger neuer Arten (Phacopacea, Trilobita), Senckenbergiana lethaea, 51:97–131.Google Scholar
Hall, J. and Clarke, J. M. 1888. Descriptions of the trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oriskany, upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage, Chemung, and Catskill Groups, Natural History of New York, New York Geological Survey, Paleontology, Volume 7. Charles Van Benthuysen and Sons, Albany, New York, 236 p.Google Scholar
Hawle, I. and Corda, A. J. C. 1847. Prodrom einer Monographie der böhmischen Trilobiten. Abhandlungen Königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, J.G. Calve, Prague, 176 p.Google Scholar
Hollard, H. 1967. Le Dévonien de Maroc du Sahara Nord-Occidental. In Oswald, D. H. (ed.). International Symposium on the Devonian System. Volume 1. Alberta. Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, Alberta:203–244.Google Scholar
Hollard, H. 1974. Recherches sur la stratigraphie des formations du Dévonien moyen, de l'Emsien supérieur au Frasnien, dans le Sud du Tafilalt et dans le Ma'der (Anti-Atlas oriental). Notes du Service géologique du Maroc, 36:7–68.Google Scholar
Hollard, H. 1981. Principaux caractères des formations dévoniennes de l'Anti Atlas. Notes de Service géologique du Maroc, 42:15–22.Google Scholar
Holzapfel, E. 1895. Das obere Mitteldevon (Schichten mit Stringocephalus burtini und Maeaneceras terebratum) in Rheinischen Gebirge. Abhandlungen der preussischen geologischen Landesanstalt, 16:1–459.Google Scholar
Jansen, U., Becker, G., Plodowski, G., Schindler, E., Vogel, O., and Weddige, K. 2004. The Emsian to Eifelian near Foum Zguid (NE Dra Valley, Morocco). In El Hassani, A. (ed.). Devonian neritic-pelagic correlation and events in the Dra Valley (Western Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy, International Meeting on Stratigraphy, Rabat 1-10 March 2004. Documents de L'Institut Scientifique, 19:19–28.Google Scholar
Jell, P. A. and Adrain, J. M., 2003. Available generic names for trilobites. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 48:331–553.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, B. 1998. Facies, stratigraphy, and diagenesis of Middle Devonian reef- and mud-mounds in the Mader (eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Acta Geologica Polonica, 48:43–106.Google Scholar
Kim, I. S. 1997. Trilobiten aus dem Greifensteiner Kalk (Grenzbereich Unter-Mittel-Devon). Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 245:157–205.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1935. The Cambrian-Ordovician formations and faunas of south Chosen. Palaeontology, Part 3. Cambrian faunas of south Chosen with special study on the Cambrian trilobite genera and families. Journal of the Faculty of Science of Tokyo University, Section 2, 4:49–344.Google Scholar
Le Maître, D. 1952. La faune du Dévonien inférieur et moyen de la Souara at des abords de l'Erg el Djemel (Sud oranais). Bulletin Service Carte géologique de Algérie, 1, 12:1–171.Google Scholar
Lerosey-Aubril, R., Feist, R., and Chatterton, B. D. E., 2007. The ontogeny and systematics of the otarionine trilobite Otarionella from the Devonian of the Montagne Noire, France and the Maider, Morocco. Geological Magazine, 145:55–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, B. S. and Kloc, G. J. 1997. Evolutionary and biogeographic patterns in the Asteropyginae (Trilobita, Devonian) Delo, 1935. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 232:1–127.Google Scholar
McKellar, R. and Chatterton, B. D. E. 2009. Early and Middle Devonian Phacopidae (Trilobita) of southern Morocco. Palaeontographica Canadiana, 28:1–110.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., ed. 1959. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas. 560 p.Google Scholar
Morzadec, P. 1995. Erbenochile erbeni (Alberti), Trilobite du Dévonien inférieur d'Ougarta (Algerie). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatschefte, 1995:614–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morzadec, P. 1997. Les Trilobites Asteropyginae du Dévonien de l'Ougarta (Algérie). Palaeontographica Abteilung A, 244:143–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morzadec, P. 2001. Les Trilobites Asteropyginae du Dévonien de l'Anti Atlas (Maroc). Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 262:53–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oehlert, D. 1889. Sur la Dévonien des environ d'Angers. Bulletin de la Société géologique de la France, 17:742–791.Google Scholar
Phleger, F. B. 1936. Lichadian trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 10:593–615.Google Scholar
Pillet, J. 1954. La classification des Phacopacea (Trilobita). Bulletin de la Société géologique de la France, 1953, (6), 3:817–839.Google Scholar
Plodowski, G., Becker, G., Brocke, R., Jansen, U., Lazreq, N., Schindler, E., Schraut, G., Walliser, O. H., Weddige, K., and Ziegler, W. 1999. The section at Jebel Issoumour (NW Maïder, Early to Middle Devonian). First results with respect to lithology and biostratigraphy. Notes et Mémoires du Service géologique du Maroc, 399:43–48.Google Scholar
Přibyl, A. and Erben, H. K., 1952. Über einige neue oder wenig bekannte Acanthopyginae (Tril.) des böhmischen und des deutschen Devons. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 26:141–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsköld, L. and Edgecombe, G. D. 1993. Silurian (Ludlow) acastid trilobites from Gotland and Sweden. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 67:261–285.Google Scholar
Richter, R. and Richter, E. 1955. Scutelluidae n. fam. (Tril.). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 36:291–293.Google Scholar
Salter, J. W. 1864. A monograph of the British trilobites from the Cambrian, Silurian and Devonian formations. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, London, 80 p.Google Scholar
Schraut, G. 2000. Trilobiten aus de Unter-Devon des südöstlichen Anti-Atlas, Süd-Marokko. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 79:361–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schraut, G. and Feist, R. 2004. The Devonian styginid trilobite Paralejurus, with new data from Spain and Morocco. Journal of Paleontology, 78(4):709–722.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Šnajdr, M. 1985. Bohemian representatives of the trilobite subfamily Odontochilinae subf. nov. Vēstník Ústředního Ústavu Geologického, 59:165–169.Google Scholar
Steininger, J. 1831. Bemerkungen über die Versteinerungen, welche in dem Übergangs-Kalkgebirge der Eifel gefunden werden. Beilage zum Gymnasial-Programmschrift zu Trier: Blattau, 46 p.Google Scholar
Struve, W. 1958. Acastavinae n. subfam. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 39:221–226.Google Scholar
Struve, W. 1959. p. O461. In Moore, R. C. (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O. Arthropoda 1. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas. 560 p.Google Scholar
Termier, G. and Termier, H., 1950. Paléontologie Marocaine, Tome II. Invertébrés de l'Ere Primaire Fascicule: Annelides, Arthropodes, Échinodermes, Conularides et Graptolites. Service de la Carte géologique du Maroc, Notes et Mémoires 79, 279 p.Google Scholar
Vogdes, A. W. 1890. A bibliography of Paleozoic Crustacea from 1698 to 1889 including a list of North American species and a systematic arrangement of genera. United States Geological Survey, Bulletin, 63:1–177.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. and Kelly, S. R. A. 1997. Morphological terms applied to Trilobita. 313–329. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O, Revised. Trilobita. Volume 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas. Boulder, Colorado and Lawrence, Kansas. 530 p.Google Scholar