Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-13T11:26:24.844Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Longzhua loculata n. gen. n. sp., one of the most completely documented Pennsylvanian Archaeorthoptera (Insecta; Ningxia, China)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Jun-Jie Gu
Affiliation:
1College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China,
Olivier Béthoux
Affiliation:
2CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia,
Dong Ren
Affiliation:
1College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China,

Abstract

Longzhua loculata n. gen. n. sp., a new Pennsylvanian Archaeorthoptera (i.e., stem-Orthoptera), is described from the Tupo Formation based on 64 specimens, including an individual with parts of body and legs preserved. The range of intra-specific variation in forewing venation pattern is documented in detail. Well-preserved isolated hind wings are associated with forewings based on more complete material. The combination of character states exhibited by the new species indicates relationships with the extinct order Cnemidolestodea. Mandibular and prothoracic morphology suggest that Longzhua loculata n. gen. n. sp. had carnivorous and predatory habits.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Béthoux, O. 2003. Protophasma dumasii Brongniart, 1879, a link between Orthoptera and the “dictyopterid” orders? Journal of Orthoptera Research, 12:5762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. 2005a. Cnemidolestodea (Insecta): an ancient order reinstated. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 3:403408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. 2005b. Reassigned and new basal Archaeorthoptera from the Upper Carboniferous of Mazon Creek (IL, USA). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 14:121126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. 2006. Revision of Cacurgus Handlirsch, 1911, a basal Pennsylvanian Archaeorthoptera (Insecta: Neoptera). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 47:2935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. 2007. Cladotypic taxonomy applied: titanopterans are orthopterans. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 65:135156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. 2008a. Groundplan, nomenclature, homology, phylogeny, and the question of the insect wing venation pattern. Alavesia, 2:219232.Google Scholar
Béthoux, O. 2008b. Revision and phylogenetic affinities of the lobeattid species bronsoni Dana, 1864 and silvatica Laurentiaux & Laurentiaux-Vieira, 1980 (Pennsylvanian; Archaeorthoptera). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 66:145163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. 2009. Head and leg morphology of elongata Brongniart 1893:433 (Late Carboniferous, Archaeorthoptera): phylogenetic and palaeoecological implications. Annales Zoologici, 59:141147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. 2010. Optimality of phylogenetic nomenclatural procedures. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 10:173191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. and Briggs, D. E. G.. 2008. How Gerarus lost its head: stem-group Orthoptera and Paraneoptera revisited. Systematic Entomology, 33:529547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. and Jarzembowski, E. A.. 2010. New basal neopterans from Writhlington (UK, Pennsylvanian). Alavesia, 3:8796.Google Scholar
Béthoux, O. and Nel, A.. 2001. Venation pattern of Orthoptera. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 10:195198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. and Nel, A.. 2002. Venation pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu nov. and sister groups. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Orthoptera sensu nov. Zootaxa, 96:188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. and Nel, A.. 2003. Wing venation morphology and variability of Gerarus fischeri (Brongniart, 1885) sensu Burnham (Panorthoptera; Upper Carboniferous, Commentry, France), with inferences on flight performances. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 3:173183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. and Nel, A.. 2004. Some Palaeozoic “Protorthoptera” are “ancestral” orthopteroids: major wing braces as clues to a new split among the “Protorthoptera.” Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2:285309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. and Nel, A.. 2005. Some Palaeozoic “Protorthoptera” are “ancestral” orthopteroids: major wing braces as clues to a new split among the “Protorthoptera”: corrigendum. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 3:223.Google Scholar
Béthoux, O., Nel, A., and Lapeyrie, J.. 2004. The extinct order Caloneurodea (Insecta, Pterygota, Panorthoptera): wing venation, systematics, and phylogenetic relationships. Annales Zoologici, 54:289318.Google Scholar
Béthoux, O. and Poschmann, M.. 2009. A new lobeattid insect from the Permo-Carboniferous of Niedermoschel, southwestern Germany (Archaeorthoptera). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 18:139143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béthoux, O. and Schneider, J. W.. 2010. Description of a hind wing of a new basal Archaeorthoptera (Mazon Creek, IL; Pennsylvanian). Alavesia, 3:8185.Google Scholar
Béthoux, O. and Wieland, F.. 2009. Evidence for Carboniferous origin of the order Mantodea (Insecta: Dictyoptera) gained from forewing morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156:79113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brauckmann, C., Koch, L., and Kemper, M.. 1985. Spinnentiere (Arachnida) und Insekten aus den Vorhalle-Schichten (Namurium B; Ober-Karbon) von Hagen-Vorhalle (West-Deutschland). Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen, 3:1132.Google Scholar
Brongniart, C. 1885. Les Insectes fossiles des terrains primaires. Coup d'oeil rapide sur la faune entomologique des terrains paléozoïques. Bulletin de la Société des Amis des Sciences naturelles de Rouen, 1885:5068.Google Scholar
Burnham, L. 1983. Studies on Upper Carboniferous Insects: 1. The Geraridae (Order Protorthoptera). Psyche, 90:157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ciplak, B., Sirin, D., Taylan, M. S., and Kaya, S.. 2008. Altitudinal size clines, species richness and population density: case studies in Orthoptera. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 17:157163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cui, Y.-Y., Béthoux, O., and Ren, D.. In press. Intra-specific variability of the earliest grylloblattid insect: taxonomic and nomenclatural aspects. Systematic Entomology.Google Scholar
Dana, J. D. 1864. On fossil insects from the Carboniferous formation in Illinois. American Journal of Science and Arts (2), 37:3435.Google Scholar
Gorokhov, A. V. and Rasnitsyn, A. P.. 2002. Superorder Gryllidea Laicharting, 1781 (=Orthopteroidea Handlirsch, 1903), p. 293303. In Rasnitsyn, A. P. and Quicke, D. L. J. (eds.), History of Insects. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Handlirsch, A. 1911. New Paleozoic insects from the vicinity of Mazon Creek, Illinois. American Journal of Science, 31:297326. 353-377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hochkirch, A. and Gröning, J.. 2008. Sexual size dimorphism in Orthoptera (sens, str.)—a review. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 17:189196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lameere, A. 1917. Révision sommaire des Insectes fossiles du Stéphanien de Commentry. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 23:141200.Google Scholar
Langiaux, J. and Parriat, H.. 1974. Faune entomologique du bassin de Blanzy-Montceau. “La Physiophile,” Société d'Etude des Sciences Naturelles et Historique de Montceau-les-Mines, 81:6274.Google Scholar
Liu, Y., Ren, D., and Prokop, J.. 2009. Discovery of a new Namurian archaeorthopterid from Ningxia, China (Insecta: Archaeorthoptera). Zootaxa, 2032:6368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, L., Fang, X., Ji, S., and Pang, Q.. 2002. A contribution to the knowledge of the Namurian in Ningxia. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 23:165168.Google Scholar
Martynov, A. V. 1930. Palaeozoic Insects from the Kuznetsk basin. Izvetiya Glavnogo Geologorazvedochnogo Upravleniya, 49:12211248. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Peng, D., Hong, Y., and Zhang, Z.. 2005. Namurian insects (Diaphanopterodea) from Qilianshan Mountains, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 24:219234.Google Scholar
Picaud, F. and Petit, D. P.. 2008. Body size, sexual dimorphism and ecological succession in grasshoppers. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 17:177181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinto, I. D. 1990. A New Upper Carboniferous Paraplecopteran Insect from South Brazil. Pesquisas, Zoologia, Porto Alegre, 17:710.Google Scholar
Prokop, J. and Ren, D.. 2007. New significant fossil insects from the Upper Carboniferous of Ningxia in northern China (Insecta: Palaeodictyoptera, Archaeorthoptera). European Journal of Entomology, 104:267275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasnitsyn, A. P., and Aristov, D. S.. 2010. New Eoblattida (Insecta) from the Permian of Russia. Russian Entomological Journal, 19:1320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, D., Nel, A., and Prokop, J.. 2008. New early griffenfly, Sinomeganeura huangheensis from the Late Carboniferous of northern China (Meganisoptera: Meganeuridae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 38:223229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, J. W. 1983. Taxonomie, Biostratigraphie und Palökologie der Blattodea-Fauna aus dem Stefan von Commentry (Frankreich)—Versuch einer Revision. Freiberger Forschungshefte, C, 384:77100.Google Scholar
Sharov, A. G. 1968. Filogeniya orthopteroidnykh nasekomykh. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 118:1216.Google Scholar
Sharov, A. G. 1971. Phylogeny of the Orthopteroidea. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, vi + 251 p.Google Scholar
Shear, W. A. and Kukalová-Peck, J.. 1990. The ecology of Paleozoic terrestrial arthropods: the fossil evidence. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68:18071834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Z., Hong, Y., Lu, L., Fang, X., and Jin, Y.. 2006. Shenzhousia qilianshanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Protodonata, Meganeuridae), a giant dragonfly from the Upper Carboniferous of China. Progress in Natural Science, 16:328330.Google Scholar
Zherikhin, V. V. 2002. Ecological history of the terrestrial insects, p. 331388. In Rasnitsyn, A. P. and Quicke, D. L. J. (eds.), History of Insects. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.Google Scholar