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Roman Britain in 1960

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2012

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Roman Britain in 1960
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Copyright © 1961. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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References

page 157 note * This summary has been compiled jointly by the Editor and Mr. D. R. Wilson, Research Assistant to Professor I. A. Richmond.

page 157 note 1 Bull. of Bd. of Celtic Stud. XVIII, 208.

page 157 note 2 Information from Mr. G. D. B. Jones. The site has recently been deep ploughed and planted by the Forestry Commission. For the road and other sites in the Wnion valley see above, p. 130.

page 157 note 3 Montgomeryshire Inventory (RCAM Wales, 1911), 165.

page 157 note 4 For this road and fort see above, p. 129.

page 158 note 5 Information from the excavator, Mr. W. G. Putnam, whose report will be published in Montgomeryshire Collections. For a description of the site from the air see above, p. 129.

page 158 note 6 Other finds at Barry (nos. 8–12 in fig. 5, JRS XLIX, 103) were noted in Bull. of Bd. of Celtic Studies XVII, 295–6.

page 159 note 7 Information from Mr. G. C. Boon of the National Museum of Wales, to which these finds were reported by Mr. H. Thomas.

page 159 note 8 Ward, J., Arch. Camb. LXIII (1908), 52.Google Scholar

page 159 note 9 Information from Dr. M. G. Jarrett, who excavated for the Ministry of Works.

page 160 note 10 For stamped tiles, see below, p. 196, no. 28. Information from Mr. G. C. Boon on behalf of the National Museum of Wales, which excavated for the Ministry of Works.

page 160 note 11 Herodian, Histories, 111, 14, 7.

page 160 note 12 Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot. XXXVI, 185.

page 160 note 13 Information from Professor Richmond. For the camp on the west, see above, p. 193.

page 160 note 14 MissRobertson, A. S., Discovery and Excavation, Scotland 1960, 27.Google Scholar

page 160 note 15 Trans. Glasgow Arch. Soc., n.s., XIV (1956), 64–89.

page 160 note 16 DrFairhurst, H., Discovery and Excavation, Scotland 1960, 38.Google Scholar

page 160 note 17 By Dr. K. A. Steer, Miss A. S. Robertson and Mr. J. H. Hendrie for the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments.

page 160 note 18 JRS XLVIII, 89.

page 160 note 19 Discovery and Excavation, Scotland 1960, 46.

page 160 note 20 By Messrs. G. Maxwell and J. Wallace for the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments.

page 160 note 21 Macdonald, G., The Roman Wall in Scotland (2nd ed., 1934). 192.Google Scholar

page 160 note 22 Discovery and Excavation, Scotland 1960, 47.

page 161 note 23 Mr. and Mrs. A. Rae, ibid., 40.

page 161 note 24 JRS XLI, 61.

page 161 note 25 DrJoseph, J. K. St., Discovery and Excavation, Scotland 1960, 29.Google Scholar

page 161 note 26 Directed by Miss A. S. Robertson, ibid., 25.

page 161 note 27 By Messrs. McCracken and Tolson. ibid., 26.

page 161 note 28 Horsley, J., Britannia Romana (1732), 156.Google Scholar

page 161 note 29 Cumb. and Westm. Arch. Soc. Trans. 2 LII, 17–40.

page 163 note 30 Fieldwork and excavation by Mr. S. H. Bartle, as part of the senior research project of the Durham University Excavation Committee.

page 163 note 31 Information from Mr. R. Hogg of Tullie House Museum, who excavated the site.

page 163 note 32 Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. LXXIII, 134–6.

page 163 note 33 For one or more shrines to the Mothers in the civil settlement see Arch. Ael. 4 XII, 231.

page 163 note 34 Excavation directed by Mr. J. Wilkes; reports, ibid. XXXVIII, 61–71, and XXXIX (forthcoming). Blocks of figs. 11, 12, kindly presented by Professor Birley.

page 163 note 35 ibid. XII, 247.

page 163 note 36 Arch. Ael. 2 X, 170; the site is indicated, ibid. XXV, 195, fig. 1.

page 163 note 37 ibid. X, 171.

page 163 note 38 Excavation directed by Mr. R. E. Birley, whose report will appear in Arch. Ael. 4 XXXIX (forthcoming).

page 163 note 39 The small finds include a bronze figurine of a Genius pouring a libation.

page 163 note 40 Arch. Ael. 4 XXIX, 1–92.

page 163 note 41 cf. the spring at Housesteads above.

page 164 note 42 The excavation was directed by Dr. D. J. Smith, who sent the plan and photograph.

page 164 note 43 Arch. Ael. 1 111, 142–7.

page 164 note 44 Excavation directed by Mr. R. P. Harper, whose report will appear in Arch. Ael. 4 XXXIX (forthcoming).

page 164 note 45 Ant. Journ. XVII, 403 and 404, fig. 4.

page 164 note 46 Arch. Ael. 4 1, 99–101 and pl. 111.

page 164 note 47 Information from Mr. J. P. Gillam, who with Dr. M. G. Jarrett directed the excavations.

page 164 note 48 Excavation directed by Mr. J. W. Thornborrow for the South Shields Arch. and Hist. Soc. and the Univ. of Durham Excav. Committee.

page 164 note 49 Information from Mr. R. L. Bellhouse, whose report on kiln A is published in Cumb. and Westm. Trans. 2 LX, 1–12, with plates; that on kiln B will appear ibid. LXI (forthcoming).

page 164 note 50 Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain II (1957), 161.Google Scholar

page 164 note 51 Information from Mr. D. P. Dymond of the Royal Commission.

page 165 note 52 Excavation directed by Messrs. J. C. Mann and R. N. Bailey for the Univ. of Durham Excavation Committee.

page 165 note 53 Plan in Chester Arch. Journal, n.s. XXIX, pl. XVI.

page 166 note 54 ibid., 11–12.

page 167 note 55 cf. JRS XXV, 208.

page 167 note 56 Information from Mr. F. H. Thompson of Chester Museum, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Works and sent the plan and photographs.

page 167 note 57 Information from Mr. K. E. Jermy, who surveyed the road with the Liverpool College Archaeological Society. For this road see Arch. Cambr. 1910, 440 f., and Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain II (1957), 30 f.Google Scholar The College also found the cobbled surface of a road at Street Hey Lane, Willaston, Wirral (mentioned in an 1843 Tithe map) running NE and SW and aligned on a point 600 yds. W of the North Gate, Chester, some 8 miles SE, a line suggested by Margary, ibid. 33, and earlier searchers (cf. Birkenhead News, 3rd November, 1960).

page 167 note 58 Directed by Mr. G. Webster on behalf of the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments.

page 167 note 59 Vict. Co. Hist. Derbs. 1 (1905), 216–221.

page 167 note 60 May, T., The Roman Forts of Templebrough near Rotherham (1922), pl. LII.Google Scholar

page 167 note 61 Information from Mr. Webster. For a graffito see below, p. 197, no. 46.

page 167 note 62 Haverfield, F. in Vict. Co. Hist. Derbs. I (1905), 221.Google Scholar

page 167 note 63 Proc. Leeds Philos. Soc. (Lit. and Hist. Sec.) 1, 268–71; 11, 237–42.

page 167 note 64 See below, p. 192, no. 4. Information from Mr. B. R. Hartley, who directed the excavation for Leeds University.

page 167 note 65 Ant. Journ. XL, 60, fig. 1.

page 167 note 66 Information from the excavator, Mr. J. S. Wacher.

page 169 note 67 Yorks. Arch. Journal XL, 10.

page 169 note 68 cf. Dorchester, Oxoniensia 11, 46; and Cirencester, below, p. 186.

page 169 note 69 Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain II (1957), 148.Google Scholar

page 169 note 70 Information on Aldborough and Tadcaster Moor from Mr. D. P. Dymond of the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England).

page 169 note 71 Partly excavated by G. Benson in 1917–19; his plan in History of York II (1919), fig. 56, must now be modified.

page 170 note 72 Information from Mr. L. P. Wenham, who excavated on behalf of the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments. For a plan of the fortress and the interval towers on the south-west wall, see Yorks. Arch. Journ. XL (1961), 329 ff.

page 170 note 73 Information and photographs from Mr. D. F. Petch on behalf of the Lincoln Archaeological Research Committee. For a graffito see p. 197, no. 34.

page 171 note 74 Information from Mr. I. M. Stead, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Works. The larger Ceres mosaic is to be reconstructed and placed on the wall of the new Civic Centre at Scunthorpe.

page 171 note 75 Arch. Journ. CIII, 17–21 and fig. 1; JRS XLVII, 210–11.

page 171 note 76 Information from Mrs. H. E. O'Neil, who excavated on behalf of the Ministry of Works.

page 171 note 77 The corn-drier was excavated by Carre's Grammar School under the direction of Mr. C. R. A. Ellis; further excavation was directed by Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Jones for the Ministry of Works. Information from Mrs. Jones, who also sent drawings of the corn-drier by Mr. K. R. Fennell.

page 171 note 78 Information from Mr. S. C. Stanford, who directed the excavation for the Woolhope Naturalists' Club.

page 171 note 79 Mr. A. Baker in ‘W. Midlands Arch. News-Sheet’ 3 (1960), 10–11; also see above, pp. 123 f., fig. 4.

page 171 note 80 Excavation by Hereford Research Group; summary report by Miss M. Thomas and Mr. F. G. Heys, ibid., 5.

page 171 note 81 Excavation by the Archenfield Archaeological Group; summary report by Mr. N. P. Bridgewater, ibid., 5. An interesting heavy iron spearhead (fig. 20) found in the corn-drying kiln with two coins of Carausius and Victorinus appears to be a thrusting spear of late date used for hunting, cf. Lindenschmit, , Das röm.-germ. Central-Museum (1889), Taf. XIII, 2, 14, 23, 25, 27Google Scholar; Altertümer 1, pt. 11, pl. IV, nos. 23, 35; Couissin, , Les armes romaines (1926), 482 f.Google Scholar, fig. 180–1. Sent for inspection by Mr. Bridgewater.

page 172 note 82 Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain II (1957), 21–2.Google Scholar

page 172 note 83 Mr. D. B. Whitehouse, Birmingham Arch. Soc. Trans. LXXVII, 18–26.

page 172 note 84 Mr. G. Webster, ‘W. Midlands Arch. News-Sheet’ 3 (1960), 9.

page 172 note 85 JRS XLVIII, 137, item (2), which should read ‘East of this street, a road … had been cut into by the foundations of a house, etc.’.

page 173 note 86 Information from Mr. H. V. Hughes, who directed excavations for the Birmingham Research Group; Birmingham Arch. Soc. Trans. LXXVI (1958), 10 ff., fig. 2.

page 173 note 87 A large collection of pottery from Baginton made before the war by the late Mr. J. H. Edwards is now in the Coventry City Museum; for an unusual Samian jug now in the Ashmolean Museum, see JRS XXVII (1937), 168 ff.

page 173 note 88 Excavation by the Coventry and District Arch. Soc.; Mrs. Muriel and Brian Stanley in ‘W. Midlands Arch. News-Sheet’ no. 3 (1960), 3.

page 173 note 89 Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain I (1955), 137–40.Google Scholar

page 173 note 90 ‘W. Midlands Arch. News-Sheet’ no. 2 (1959), 4; no. 3 (1960), 4.

page 173 note 91 Information from Mrs. B. R. Hartley, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Works.

page 173 note 92 Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain II (1957), 30–2Google Scholar; JRS L, 222.

page 173 note 93 Excavation by the Roman archaeology section of the Shropshire Research Group; information from Dr. A. W. J. Houghton.

page 173 note 94 On the E Dr. Kenyon dated the rampart not earlier than c. 100 and the wall not earlier than 150, Archaeologia LXXXVIII, 176–9.

page 173 note 95 Excavation by the Wroxeter Training School directed by Mr. G. Webster; information from him and from ‘W. Midlands Arch. News-Sheet’ no. 3 (1960), 10.

page 173 note 96 Excavation by the Roman archaeology section of the Shropshire Research Group; information from Dr. Houghton.

page 173 note 97 Excavation by the Wellington Research Group; summary report by Mr. J. A. Pagett, ‘W. Midlands Arch. News-Sheet’ no. 2 (1959), 7; no. 3 (1960), 9. See above, p. 123.

page 174 note 98 Dr. Houghton, ibid., no. 3 (1960), 8.

page 174 note 99 Excavation by the Kidderminster Arch. and Hist. Soc.; summary report by Mr. I. Walker, ibid., 6.

page 174 note 100 Oven A2, Arch. Journ. LXXXIX, 35.

page 174 note 101 Reports on Holditch and Chesterton will appear in the first issue of The N. Staffs. Journal of Field Studies to be published at Keele; information from Professor J. M. T. Charlton, who directed the excavations for the University College of N. Staffs. For a graffito and an amphora stamp see below, p. 197, nos. 35 and 39.

page 174 note 102 This section, 140 ft. long and containing in all nine ditches, some of them re-cut, will be published in the Birmingham Arch. Soc. Trans. and Proc. Summary reports of excavations by the Lichfield Archaeological and Historical Soc. by Mr. F. Lyon, ‘W. Midlands Arch. News-Sheet’ no. 3 (1960), 6.

page 174 note 103 Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain II (1957), 41–3.Google Scholar

page 175 note 104 Excavation by the City of Stoke-on-Trent Museum Archaeological Soc.; information from Mr. A. R. Mountford of that museum.

page 175 note 105 The coins are to be deposited in Stoke-on-Trent Museum; the bracelets are treasure trove and are temporarily at the British Museum. Information from Mr. R. A. G. Carson and Mr. Mountford.

page 175 note 106 Information from Professor Richmond who with Dr. Corder examined the fort.

page 175 note 107 Information from Mr. E. Greenfield, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Works.

page 175 note 108 Information from Mr. D. T.-D. Clarke of Leicester City Museum.

page 175 note 109 For a mosaic with geometric design found about I mile S of Helpston in 1827 see Vict. Co. Hist. Northants I (1902) 189 and fig. 16; the pavement in the church and the building in Ashton Lawn Wood, listed ibid., are both medieval.

page 176 note 110 Excavation by the Arch. Field Section of the Peterborough Museum Society directed by Mr. G. F. Dakin, who sent the information, drawings and photographs.

page 176 note 111 Vict. Co. Hist. Northants I (1902), 199–200. At Whittlebury, on the edge of the forest 3 miles to the W, was found a stamped legionary tile of Holt type 1, which is dated at Chester to the early second century, Eph. Ep. 111, 142; W. F. Grimes Holt, Denbighshire, 139; but see T. Davies Pryce, Antiq. Journ. XVIII, 39 and 45.

page 176 note 112 Wolverton and District Arch. Soc. News Letter VI (January 1961).

page 177 note 113 Full information from Mr. C. Green, who directed excavations in 1955 and 1960 for the Ministry of Works.

page 177 note 114 At present at Nottingham University. Information from Mr. H. B. Mattingly, jnr., who hopes to publish both hoards together in Num. Chron.

page 177 note 115 By the Wolverton and District Archaeological Society, in whose News Letter VI (Jan. 1961) a brief report appears.

page 177 note 116 By Mr. R. Harris. The small finds included a second-century hexagonal brooch probably from Anthée in Belgium and Samian ware. Wolverton and District Arch. Soc. News Letter VI (Jan. 1961), with illustrations. Numerous finds—stone, tiles, coins, etc.—have been noted at Fox Holes, Wood Farm, north of Haversham, ibid.

page 182 note 117 Information from Dr. I. E. Anthony of Verulamium Museum, who directed excavations for the St. Albans Archaeological Society.

page 182 note 118 By Messrs. D. B. Baker, R. H. Reid and G. R. Elvey, members of the ‘Viatores’. This road will be published with the remainder of the work of this group in Roman Roads in the SE Midlands, now being prepared for publication by the Phoenix House Press.

page 182 note 119 Information from Mr. D. B. Baker.

page 182 note 120 Excavation directed by Mr. R. R. Clarke of Norwich Castle Museum for the Norfolk Research Committee; information from Mr. Clarke.

page 183 note 121 Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain I (1955), 202–3.Google Scholar

page 183 note 122 cf. Runcton Holme, Proc. Prehist. Soc. of E. Anglia VII, 258–261.

page 183 note 123 Information from Mr. C. Green, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Works.

page 183 note 124 Norfolk Arch. V, 146–160; Proc. Suffolk Inst. Arch. XXIV, 100–120; Arch. Journ. CVI, 66–9.

page 183 note 125 A turret in the NE angle, found in 1958, was also contemporary with the fort wall, but had later been demolished.

page 183 note 126 See Antiquity XXXV, 23, fig. 1, for the supposed Roman coastline. Full information from Mr. C. Green, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Works.

page 183 note 127 Proc. Suffolk Inst. Arch. XXV, 214; XXVI, 196–7; XXVII, 116, 184; XXVIII, 95, 166.

page 183 note 128 Excavation by Mr. N. Smedley and Miss E. Owles of Ipswich Museum; information from Mr. Smedley.

page 183 note 129 The site has also produced scattered sherds and a brass of Constantius II. After cleaning at the Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology the finds have been deposited in the Elveden Estate Museum, belonging to the Earl of Iveagh. Information and photographs were sent by Lady Briscoe.

page 185 note 130 Hull, M. R., Roman Colchester (1959), 224236.Google Scholar

page 185 note 131 cf. Temple II, ibid., 227 and fig. 108A.

page 185 note 132 Information from Mr. M. R. Hull of Colchester and Essex Museum.

page 185 note 133 Excavation directed by Mr. B. P. Blake of the Colchester and Essex Museum for the Thurrock Arch. Soc. Information from Mr. Hull.

page 185 note 134 Where similar results were obtained in 1959.

page 185 note 135 RCHM, Roman London (1928), 92–3Google ScholarPubMed, where a wall on a pile foundation is also described 15 ft. N of the river wall.

page 186 note 136 See ibid., 110, 112–13, for other walls of this considerable building.

page 186 note 137 Information from Mr. N. Cook of the Guildhall Museum.

page 186 note 138 Archaeologia XIX, 178–83; Bristol and Glos. Arch. Soc. Trans. LXXIII, 5–69.

page 186 note 139 Information from Mr. E. Greenfield, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Works.

page 186 note 140 Phase (a) was dated not later than the early second century on the Bon Marché site (JRS XLIX, 127, fig. 21; L, 230), and phase (d) late second century or later at King's Square (JRS XLIX, 126). For a map of Glevum, , JRS XXII (1932), 214Google Scholar, fig. 25. Information from Mr. A. G. Hunter of Gloucester City Museum, who excavated.

page 186 note 141 The jar has been acquired by Gloucester City Museum; the coins are still under examination, but will be published in Num. Chron. Information from Mr. R. A. G. Carson and Mr. Hunter.

page 186 note 142 Identified as Carrara marble by Mr. L. Richardson of Worcester and Mr. H. Ivimey-Cook of the Geological Survey.

page 186 note 143 Information from Mrs. H. E. O'Neil, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Works.

page 186 note 144 See Ant. Journ. XXXVII, 211, for the date.

page 187 note 145 Information from Mr. J. S. Wacher, who directed the excavation.

page 187 note 145a By Mrs. C. M. Bennett. Information from Mr. S. S. Frere.

page 188 note 146 Interim report by Lady (Aileen) Fox and Dr. W. Ravenhill of Exeter Museum. For a graffito see below, p. 197, no. 37.

page 188 note 147 Trans. Devon Ass. Soc. LIV, 66; JRS XI (1921), 211.

page 188 note 148 Trans. Devon Ass. Soc. XVIL, 280.

page 188 note 149 Preliminary report by Miss E. M. Gosney and Mr. C. A. Ralegh Radford, for the Devon Arch. Explor. Soc. On the site of Moridunum, see Eph. Ep. IX, p. 645, and Archaeologia XCIII, 41.

page 188 note 150 Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. and Antiq. Field Club XIII, XXii; XVII, XXV.

page 188 note 151 Excavation directed by Mr. H. S. L. Dewar for the Dorset Nat. Hist. and Arch. Soc.; information from Mr. R. A. H. Farrar.

page 188 note 152 Information from Mr. R. A. H. Farrar.

page 188 note 153 Information from Mr. G. Webster, who directed excavations.

page 188 note 154 Directed by Messrs. F. K. Annable and A. J. Clark for the Wilts. Arch. and Nat. Hist. Soc.

page 188 note 155 Information from Mr. Annable of Devizes Museum.

page 188 note 156 Wilts. Arch. and Nat. Hist. Magazine LVII, 235–6. 396.

page 188 note 157 Excavations directed by the Rev. E. H. Steele for the Arch. Sub-Committee of the Wilts. Arch. and Nat. Hist. Soc. The kilns were located in a series of magnetometer surveys by Dr. M. Aitken. Information from Mr. Annable.

page 189 note 158 Information from Lieut.-Col. W. D. Shaw, the excavator.

page 189 note 159 Information from Mr. F. Cottrill.

page 189 note 160 Interim report by A. T. Morley Hewitt, the excavator, published under the title Roman Villa, West Park, Rockbourne, near Fordingbridge, Hants.

page 189 note 161 For a plan of Chichester see A. E. Wilson, Archaeology of the Walls of Chichester (1937), fig. 2c.

page 189 note 162 ibid., fig. 2, site J.

page 189 note 163 JRS L, 234(b).

page 189 note 164 Information from Mr. John Holmes.

page 190 note 165 Information from Lieut.-Col. G. W. Meates, who directed the excavation and sent the photograph.

page 190 note 166 Arch. Cant. LXI, 181. Another building was seen ¼-mile W of Franks Hall, near Farningham Folly, in 1866 (Gent. Mag., 1866, 1, 817; Vict. Co. Hist. Kent III (1932), 113).

page 190 note 167 cf. the similar hypocaust at the neighbouring Darenth villa (room B9 in Arch. Cant. XXII, 55, or room C27 in VCH Kent III (1932), 111–13).

page 190 note 168 Excavation directed by Mr. J. Ritson; information from Lieut.-Col. Meates.

page 190 note 169 A hoard of 836 coins of the period 306–353 was found in 1883 in the same field, c. 100 yds. SW of the villa (Arch. Cant. XV, 321; Vict. Co. Hist. Kent III (1932), 150).

page 190 note 170 Summary reports in Arch. Cant. LXXIII, 224, and LXXIV, 177–8, by Mr. P. J. Tester, who directed excavations for the Kent Archaeological Society.

page 191 note 171 Information from Mr. W. S. Penn, the director of the excavation, for the Gravesend Hist. Soc. His report of the excavation of Temples 111 and IV (fig. 33) is published in Arch. Cant. LXXIV, 113 ff. For a bone counter and a graffito see below, p. 194, no. 14, and p. 197, no. 44.

page 191 note 172 Information from Mr. F. Jenkins, who directed the excavation for the Canterbury Arch. Soc. For a map see Vict. Co. Hist. Kent III, 62, pl. XII, and Reports of Excavations issued by the Canterbury Excavation Committee.

page 191 note 173 Excavation by Mr. J. S. Wacher and Miss M.A. Wilson; information from Mr. S. S. Frere.

page 191 note 174 Rubbish of the same period burying an earlier road was found in 1959.

page 191 note 175 Information from Mr. B. J. Philp, the director of the Reculver Excavation Group, who points out that this is the first evidence to be found of this cohort which garrisoned Regulbium (Notitia Dignitatum, OC (Seeck, 1876), XXVIII, 18).

page 191 note 1 When measurements are quoted the width precedes the height.

page 191 note 2 Mr. B. J. Philp for the Reculver Excavation Group made this item and no. 2 accessible. For a full discussion, made available to the present writer, see I. A. Richmond, Antiq. Journ. forthcoming.

page 192 note 3 For instances of two slabs symmetrically disposed of which the first will have carried the emperor's names and style see CIL VII, 838 (Birdoswald); CIL VII, 715 (Chesterholm); EE IX, 1171 (Chesters); CIL VII, 287 (Lancaster).

page 192 note 4 From the surviving letters in 11. 3, 4 it seems likely that the ‘praenomen’ was included here.

page 192 note 5 No parallel can be cited for the phrase aedes principiorum. Similarly a British inscription (JRS XIX, 1929, 214, no. 4) first securely identified principia as the word for Headquarters-building. In the new text basilica is the first unambiguous use of this word for the cross-hall.

page 192 note 6 See n. 2 (above).

page 192 note 7 Presented to Caerleon Museum by the Welsh Regional Hospital Board. Mr. G. C. Boon sent a squeeze and details.

page 192 note 8 Excavated for Leeds University by Mr. B. R. Hartley, who made it accessible and collaborated in the reading here given.

page 193 note 9 Centuriae, barracks, are cited in CIL VII, 107 (Caerleon). The cognomen of the prefect is matched on a potter's stamp at Corbridge (Haverfield, , AA 3 XII, 1915, 283)Google Scholar, and at Wroxeter (Atkinson, Wroxeter, 262).

page 193 note 10 Excavated for H.M. Ministry of Works by Mr. J. S. Wacher, who gave details and made it available for study. For the site see JRS L (1960), 218.

page 193 note 11 Now in Brougham Castle. Information and squeezes supplied for this and item no. 7 by Mr. A. Priestman through Mr. R. Hogg.

page 193 note 12 By Dr. D. J. Smith, who gave access to it in the Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle upon Tyne. See University of Durham Gazette VIII, 2 (28th Dec. i960), 7.

page 193 note 13 For the ‘nomen’ Hispanius see Schulze, Eigennamen 522. In the version on the back there are two stops in 1. 5, but on the front there is none. Carved in relief on the left side knife and strainer, on the right jug and patera.

page 194 note 14 Grid-ref. NY 795706. Discovered in 1960 by Mr. J. A. Simpson and notified to Professor E. Birley: he inspected it and informed the present writer, who has drawn it. The text is protected by an overhang and stands 4 ft. 6 in. above the present ground-level. It lies 60 yds. west of the field-wall which runs north along the line of the Black Dike. In 1. 1 the letter R is 2 in. high. The lettering in 1. 1 is carefully pecked; 11. 2–4, though chiselled, are rougher work by another hand. For Rufinus as a potter's name see L'Année épigraphique 1959, no. 292; Henoenus seems unmatched.

page 194 note 15 Found in conservation carried out by H.M. Ministry of Works, and stored by the same authority. Mr. C. Anderson provided details.

page 194 note 16 For Libo of coh. I see Horsley, Brit. Rom., Northd. LXXV.

page 194 note 17 For Marius Dexter see CIL VII, 736, with JRS XXX, 184; JRS XXX, 183, no. 5. For Valerius Verus see CIL VII, 738, 790.

page 194 note 18 For this centurion with the end of his name missing see CIL VII, 1076.

page 194 note 19 Information from Mr. J. P. Gillam and Professor E. Birley. Now in Carlisle Museum; drawn by the present writer.

page 194 note 20 Found by the farmer, Mr. J. Baxter, and notified, through Mr. C. Anderson, to the present writer, who has drawn it.

page 194 note 21 With item 44 (below) submitted by Mr. E. W. Tilley for Gravesend Historical Society Excavation Committee. For the temple, see above, p. 190.

page 195 note 22 Excavated for H.M. Ministry of Works by Mrs. B. R. Hartley, who sent it for study. For this stamp see Birley, and Gillam, , AA 4 XXVI (1948), 188Google Scholar, no. 44 (b).

page 195 note 23 For the site see JRS XLV (1955), 137. Now in Guildhall Museum, where Mr. N. C. Cook made it available. For a full study of the reliefs see Professor Jocelyn Toynbee in Professor W. F. Grimes' book, now in preparation.

page 195 note 24 Now in Warwick County Museum; made available by Miss J. M. Morris. For a parallel see CIL XIII, 10036, 53, perhaps from Jutland; H. Willers, Neue Untersuchungen über die römische Bronzeindustrie, 90, no. 181; Bosanquet, R. C., AA 4 XIII (1936), 148.Google Scholar

page 195 note 25 Now in the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff; first noticed in 1960 by Mr. G. C. Boon among coins from the site.

page 195 note 26 Now in the British Museum. Smith, C. Roach, A catalogue of … antiquities discovered at Faversham, in Kent, and bequeathed by William Gibbs Esq. …. (1871) 18Google Scholar, no. 1299–70.

page 195 note 27 Submitted by Mr. E. W. Tilley from the Arnold collection in the Gravesend Historical Society's Museum. For the site see Wheeler, London in Roman Times 35; RCHM Essex S.E. 38. In the name intervocalic V has been omitted. The auxiliary verb is understood with this dative of the possessor.

page 195 note 28 Sent by Mr. S. S. Frere.

page 195 note 29 Placed with no. 27 in the British Museum on permanent loan by Mr. F. Greenway. In (b) a defect in the die has left only traces of what seems to be B.

page 195 note 30 Presented with no. 25 (below) to the British Museum by Mr. F. Greenway, who provided details. The well, cut into sand to a depth of 6 ft. 4 in., can be dated to the first century from sherds of Drag. 29 found at the bottom and on the adjacent surface.

page 195 note 31 JRS XXV (1935), 227, no. 14, 6, from a photograph of only one of the two examples.

page 195 note 32 Now in the British Museum; reported by Mr. K. S. Painter.

page 196 note 33 Arch. LVI (1898), 121; EE IX, 1346 b. Now in Reading Museum; when die barrel was dismantled in 1960 Mr. W. H. Manning detected the new texts, which have been examined by the present writer.

page 196 note 34 Now in the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff; Mr. G. C. Boon sent the object for study. Since Victrix is not attested as a title for this legion, Victoriniana (for Victorinus, A.D. 268–70) should perhaps be considered, though otherwise unsupported. It will be noted that Leg. 11 Aug. does not appear upon the coins of Victorinus mentioning legions. For the site, see above, p. 159.

page 196 note 35 Reported by Mr. G. C. Boon.

page 196 note 36 For the site see JRS L (1960), 239. Lieut.-Col. J. Darrell Hill provided details and sent the items for study. For his interim note see Sussex Notes and Queries XV (1960), 190. For an example from Pevensey to match (a) see Sussex AC Li (1908), 112; EE IX, 1276 b. For example from Bardown, near Wadhurst, to match (b), see Margary Ant. Journ. XXXII (1952), 73, pl. XXIII b>; Wright JRS XLII (1952), 107. For an example from Cranbrook to match (c) see JRS XLIX (1959), 137, no. 13 (f). In (d) the die seems unmatched. The four items in (c) and (d) came from level 3. The three items in (b) came from the (earlier) level 4, and two of these were on the footings of a rough wall associated with two ‘sestertii’ of Trajan.

page 196 note 37 Mr. B. J. Philp made both items available; a second example of item (a) was so poorly stamped as to be scarcely legible. For item (b) see Arch. Cant. LXXIII (1959), lii. For the site see above, p. 191.

page 196 note 38 Collection of Mr. P. Marsden now housed in Guildhall Museum. For these stamps see CIL VII, 1235.

page 196 note 39 Now in Gloucester City Museum; Mr. A. Hunter supplied details. For the same municipal stamp see MrsClifford, , Bristol and Glos. AST LII (1930), 229Google Scholar, pl. XI, fig. 29.

page 196 note 40 Grid-ref. SU 030015. Found by Mr. R. Reece; Mr. D. Atkinson sent it from Corinium Museum for study. It is possible that auxi has here been spelt with cx for x.

page 197 note 41 Now in Lincoln Museum; submitted by Mr. D. F. Petch.

page 197 note 42 Excavated for the University College of North Staffordshire by Professor J. M. T. Charlton, who sent both items and no. 39 (below) for study. For the site see above, p. 174.

page 197 note 43 Mr. B. R. Hartley sent these items and no. 41 (below) for study. A comparable name for (b) is Sanuitto (CIL VI, 18892).

page 197 note 44 Lady Fox sent it.

page 197 note 45 Stored by the Royal Commission for Ancient Monuments, Aberystwyth; Mr. A. H. A. Hogg submitted it and sent details. For the site see Hogg, , Caernarvonshire Hist. Soc. Trans. XX (1959), 1Google Scholar; JRS L (1960), 210.

page 197 note 46 For provenance see no. 35 (above).

page 197 note 47 For the site see Ant. Journ. XXXIX (1959), 9, fig. 4. For (a) see CIL XIII, 10018, 60 f. For (b) the restoration V. I. V. A. S is too long; it was probably V. I [.V.]S, see ibid., no. 213b. For (c) see ibid., no. 31e.

page 197 note 48 See note to no. 36 (above).

page 197 note 49 Now in the possession of Mr. Critchlow, Oldfields Secondary Boys School, Uttoxeter. Messrs. P. E. Nash and G. Webster sent details and drawings.

page 197 note 50 Mr. S. S. Frere sent it with details.

page 197 note 51 See note to no. 14 (above, p. 194).

page 197 note 52 Placed on permanent loan in the British Museum by Mr. F. Greenway.

page 197 note 53 Mr. G. Webster sent it for study.

page 197 note 54 Mr. S. S. Frere sent it with details.

page 198 note 55 Professor J. M. T. Charlton sent it for study; the finder, Master R. Clarke, retains it.

page 198 note 56 Presented to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne by Professor and Mrs. E. Birley: (1) altar to Silvanus, , JRS XVII (1927), 212Google Scholar; XXIX (1939), 225; (2) Hadrianic stone, CIL VII, 713; (3) Calpurnius Agricola fragment, EE VII, 1050b; JRS XXI (1931), 247; (4) Caracalla text JRS XXIV (1934), 218; (5) tombstone JRS XVII (1927), 213, no. 13.