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Incident major depression does not affect neuropsychological functioning in HIV-infected men

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 December 2006

LUCETTE A. CYSIQUE ,
REENA DEUTSCH ,
J. HAMPTON ATKINSON ,
CORINNA YOUNG ,
THOMAS D. MARCOTTE ,
LAUREN DAWSON ,
IGOR GRANT  and
ROBERT K. HEATON
LUCETTE A. CYSIQUE
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
REENA DEUTSCH
Affiliation:
Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
J. HAMPTON ATKINSON
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California VA San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California
CORINNA YOUNG
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
THOMAS D. MARCOTTE
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
LAUREN DAWSON
Affiliation:
Private practice and Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
IGOR GRANT
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California VA San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California
ROBERT K. HEATON
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California VA San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California
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Abstract

The diagnosis of lifetime major depressive disorders (MDDs) and of current major depressive episodes (MDEs) are relatively common in HIV-infected individuals, and often are assumed to influence neuropsychological (NP) performance. Although cross-sectional studies of HIV-infected individuals generally have found no systematic link between current MDE or depressive symptoms and NP performance, longitudinal studies are needed to clarify whether incident MDE may impact NP functioning in at least some cases. Two hundred twenty-seven human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adult men, who did not meet criteria for a current MDE at baseline, participated in a longitudinal NP study for an average of two years. Participants received repeated NP assessments, as well as structured psychiatric interviews to ascertain presence or absence of both lifetime MDD and current MDE. Ninety-eight participants had a lifetime history of MDD, and 23 participants met criteria for incident MDE at one of their follow-up evaluations. Groups with and without lifetime MDD and/or incident MDE had comparable demographics, HIV disease status and treatment histories at baseline, and numbers of intervening assessments between baseline and the final follow-up. Lifetime MDD was associated with greater complaints of cognitive difficulties in everyday life, and such complaints were increased at the times of incident MDE. However, detailed group comparisons revealed no NP performance differences in association with either lifetime or incident major depression. Finally, NP data from consistently nondepressed participants were used to develop “norms for change” and these findings failed to show any increased rates of NP worsening among individuals with incident MDE. Our results suggest that neurocognitive impairment and major depression should be considered as two independent processes. (JINS, 2007, 13, 1–11.)

Keywords

HIV/AIDSNeuropsychological functioningCognitionMajor depressive disorderPsychiatryEveryday functioning
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 13 , Issue 1 , January 2007 , pp. 1 - 11
Copyright
© 2007 The International Neuropsychological Society

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