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Faunal community of a new hot vent field on the Amami Rift

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2024

Chong Chen Open the ORCID record for Chong Chen [Opens in a new window] ,
Natsumi Hookabe Open the ORCID record for Natsumi Hookabe [Opens in a new window]  and
Hironori Komatsu Open the ORCID record for Hironori Komatsu [Opens in a new window]
Chong Chen*
Affiliation:
X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2–15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
Natsumi Hookabe
Affiliation:
Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2–15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
Hironori Komatsu
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
*
Corresponding author: Chong Chen; Email: cchen@jamstec.go.jp
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Abstract

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents host chemosynthesis-based ecosystems inhabited chiefly by specially adapted animals that do not live anywhere else, and depth has been shown to be a major driver of species composition at vents around Japan. Though the Ryukyu region in southern Japan is home to many hot vents, only two – Minami-Ensei Knoll and Yoron Hole – have been found shallower than 1000 m. Here, we report the discovery of a new vent field on the Amami Rift northwest off Amami Ōshima at 630 m deep. A total of 29 macrofaunal species were recorded from Amami Rift, including 19 vent specialists. Comparison of species composition across the three shallow Ryukyu vents revealed only three shared species, highlighting that all three display distinct community structure. Amami Rift exhibits distinct zonation patterns and is generally more similar to Minami-Ensei than Yoron Hole, but the presence of key taxa such as the sulphide worm Paralvinella and the mussel ‘Bathymodiolus’ platifrons as well as the absence of the symbiotic squat lobster Shinkaia and the limpet Lepetodrilus exemplify its difference with Minami-Ensei. Furthermore, the non-vent specific predators seen in these two sites were completely different. Overall, the Amami Rift vent field can be considered a shallow vent with a unique set of fauna, warranting future research on the mechanisms shaping disparate macrofaunal diversity between nearby shallow vents such as Amami Rift and Minami-Ensei. The unusual geological setting of Amami Rift at the converging point of Okinawa Trough and Ryukyu Arc may influence fluid chemistry to drive such differences.

Keywords

Bathymodioluschemosynthesischemosyntheticdeep seahydrothermal ventJapanOkinawa TroughParalvinellaRyukyu Arc
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 104 , 2024 , e39
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

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