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NIXON'S GRIN AND OTHER KEYS TO THE FUTURE OF CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 March 2012

JOAN SHELLEY RUBIN*
Affiliation:
Department of History, University of Rochester E-mail: joan.rubin@rochester.edu

Extract

In January 1969, just before his inauguration as president, Richard M. Nixon attended a concert in his honor at Constitution Hall. The program consisted entirely of works by American composers, including Howard Hanson, then the director of the Eastman School of Music at the University of Rochester. Hanson's choral work “Song of Democracy,” a setting of two excerpts from poems by Walt Whitman, was the last number of the evening. Here is New York Times music critic Harold Schonberg's commentary on the event, which featured the National Symphony Orchestra and the Mormon Tabernacle Choir:

“Song of Democracy” is not a very original or strong piece, but it makes a big brave sound in its concluding measures, and the well-trained Mormon Tabernacle Choir had a lusty time with it . . . Mr. Nixon listened intently, but grinned his way between numbers. At the end of the Hanson work, he was determined to be the first to applaud. He brought his fist down in a great downbeat, anticipating the conductor's by a good half measure.

Afterwards, Schonberg reported, Nixon left the presidential box to congratulate Hanson personally.

Type
Forum: The Present and Future of American Intellectual History
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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References

1 Harold Schonberg, “Inaugural Concerts: Americana vs. All-American,” New York Times, 20 Jan. 1969, 32.

2 Hofstadter, Richard, Anti-intellectualism in American Life (New York, 1963), 19Google Scholar.

3 Hall, David D., “What Was the History of the Book? A Response,” MIH 4/3 (2007), 537–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

4 Joan Shelley Rubin, “The Genteel Tradition at Large,” Raritan (Winter 2006), 70–91.

5 Hall, “What Was the History of the Book?”.

6 Howard Hanson, draft autobiography, Howard Hanson Papers, Sibley Music Library, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York. I presented a longer account of the genealogy of “Song of Democracy” at the Society for the History of Authorship, Reading, and Publishing 2010 Annual Meeting, English, Helsinki. James, The Economy of Prestige: Prizes, Awards, and the Circulation of Cultural Value (Cambridge, MA, 2005), 121–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

7 Press clippings scrapbook #17, Jan. 1955–May 1957, Hanson Papers. Another Cold War use of the Hanson piece was the broadcast of its first European performance over the Voice of America in 1959. I have developed the Hanson example more fully in my forthcoming essay “Literary Community, Cultural Hierarchy, and Twentieth-Century American Readers,” in Dixon, Robert and Kirkpatrick, Peter, eds., Republics of Letters (Sydney, Australia, 2012)Google Scholar.

8 Cavallo, Guglielmo and Chartier, Roger, “Introduction,” in Cavallo and Chartier, A History of Reading in the West (Amherst, 1999), 3, 35Google Scholar; Fish, Stanley, Is There a Text in This Class? The Authority of Interpretive Communities (Cambridge, MA, 1980), 147–74Google Scholar. The conference was Republics of Letters, University of Sydney, Jan. 2011.

9 Rubin, Joan Shelley, The Making of Middlebrow Culture (Chapel Hill, 1992), 209–65Google Scholar.

10 Brown, Erica and Grover, Mary, “Introduction: Middlebrow Matters,” in Brown, and Grover, , eds., Middlebrow Literary Cultures (London, 2011), 2, 7Google Scholar.

11 The phrase “simple, direct setting” appears in Hanson's notes, Box 22, Folder 14, Hanson Papers. “Composer-educator Howard Hanson Dies,” Chicago Tribune, 28 Feb. 1981; Chase, Richard Volney, Walt Whitman Reconsidered (New York, 1955), 7982, 153Google Scholar; Macphail, Scott, “Lyric Nationalism: Whitman, American Studies, and the New Criticism,” Texas Studies in Literature and Language 44/2 (2002), 133–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

12 All the material about Schuller is drawn from his memoir Gunther Schuller: A Life in Pursuit of Music and Beauty (Rochester, 2011), for which I have written an introduction. The word “difficult” here refers to T. S. Eliot's famous remark that “poets in our civilization, as it exists at present, must be difficult,” in “The Metaphysical Poets,” Times Literary Supplement, 21 Oct. 1921.

13 Kazin, Alfred, Starting Out in the Thirties (Boston, 1965), 45, 81Google Scholar.

14 C. E. Butterworth to R. Thompson, 18 March 1969, Box 4, Randall Thompson Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

15 Hall, “What Was the History of the Book? A Response,” 540.

16 Casanova, Pascale, The World Republic of Letters (Cambridge, MA, 2004), xii, 37, 154Google Scholar; Philip Mead, keynote address at Republics of Letters conference, University of Sydney, Jan. 2011, forthcoming in a volume of conference proceedings, 10.

17 Geertz, Clifford, Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology (New York, 1983)Google Scholar; “Valley Chorale Has Doctors, Lawyers, but No Indian Chiefs,” Los Angeles Times, 13 May 1965, SG8.

18 Augst, Thomas, The Clerk's Tale: Young Men and Moral Life in Nineteenth-Century America (Chicago, 2003), 140, 151Google Scholar; Schuller memoir.

19 Cahn, William L., Rochester's Orchestra: A History of the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra and Its Educational Programming, 1922 to 1989 (Rochester, NY, 1989), 1315, 28Google Scholar.

20 Cahn, Rochester's Orchestra, Appendix, 4–5, 8–9, 22; Geertz, Local Knowledge, 175.

21 Elizabeth Tinker Sibley diary, unprocessed, 22 and 23 Nov. 1850, 8 Dec. 1850, Rare Books and Special Collections, Rush Rhees Library, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.