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Benefits of fidelity: does host specialization impact nematode parasite life history and fecundity?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2013

J. KOPRIVNIKAR  and
H. S. RANDHAWA
J. KOPRIVNIKAR*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, Manitoba, CanadaR7A 6A9
H. S. RANDHAWA
Affiliation:
Ecology Degree Programme, Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56 Dunedin, New Zealand9054
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Biology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, Manitoba, CanadaR7A 6A9. Tel: +1 204 727 9787. Fax: +1 204 728 7346. E-mail: koprivnikarj@brandonu.ca
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Summary

The range of hosts used by a parasite is influenced by macro-evolutionary processes (host switching, host–parasite co-evolution), as well as ‘encounter filters’ and ‘compatibility filters’ at the micro-evolutionary level driven by host/parasite ecology and physiology. Host specialization is hypothesized to result in trade-offs with aspects of parasite life history (e.g. reproductive output), but these have not been well studied. We used previously published data to create models examining general relationships among host specificity and important aspects of life history and reproduction for nematodes parasitizing animals. Our results indicate no general trade-off between host specificity and the average pre-patent period (time to first reproduction), female size, egg size, or fecundity of these nematodes. However, female size was positively related to egg size, fecundity, and pre-patent period. Host compatibility may thus not be the primary determinant of specificity in these parasitic nematodes if there are few apparent trade-offs with reproduction, but rather, the encounter opportunities for new host species at the micro-evolutionary level, and other processes at the macro-evolutionary level (i.e. phylogeny). Because host specificity is recognized as a key factor determining the spread of parasitic diseases understanding factors limiting host use are essential to predict future changes in parasite range and occurrence.

Keywords

diseasefecundityspecificitycompatibilitytrade-offphylogenetic influencesmicro-evolutionmacro-evolution
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 140 , Issue 5 , April 2013 , pp. 587 - 597
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013

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