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Eukaryotic systematics: a user's guide for cell biologists and parasitologists

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

GISELLE WALKER ,
RICHARD G. DORRELL ,
ALEXANDER SCHLACHT  and
JOEL B. DACKS
GISELLE WALKER*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
RICHARD G. DORRELL
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1QW
ALEXANDER SCHLACHT
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
JOEL B. DACKS*
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
*
Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. E-mails: gw265@cam.ac.uk; giselle.walker@anatomy.otago.ac.nz.
*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Cell Biology, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6 G 2H7. Tel: +1-780-248-1493. Fax: +1-780-492-0450. E-mail: dacks@ualberta.ca.
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Summary

Single-celled parasites like Entamoeba, Trypanosoma, Phytophthora and Plasmodium wreak untold havoc on human habitat and health. Understanding the position of the various protistan pathogens in the larger context of eukaryotic diversity informs our study of how these parasites operate on a cellular level, as well as how they have evolved. Here, we review the literature that has brought our understanding of eukaryotic relationships from an idea of parasites as primitive cells to a crystallized view of diversity that encompasses 6 major divisions, or supergroups, of eukaryotes. We provide an updated taxonomic scheme (for 2011), based on extensive genomic, ultrastructural and phylogenetic evidence, with three differing levels of taxonomic detail for ease of referencing and accessibility (see supplementary material at Cambridge Journals On-line). Two of the most pressing issues in cellular evolution, the root of the eukaryotic tree and the evolution of photosynthesis in complex algae, are also discussed along with ideas about what the new generation of genome sequencing technologies may contribute to the field of eukaryotic systematics. We hope that, armed with this user's guide, cell biologists and parasitologists will be encouraged about taking an increasingly evolutionary point of view in the battle against parasites representing real dangers to our livelihoods and lives.

Keywords

Algaeprimitivephylogenyparasite
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 138 , Special Issue 13: Systematics as a cornerstone of parasitology , November 2011 , pp. 1638 - 1663
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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References

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Supplementary material: PDF

Walker Supplementary Material

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