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Glycolysis and related phosphorus metabolism in parasitic nematodes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

W. P. Rogers  and
Marian Lazarus
W. P. Rogers
Affiliation:
Australian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, McMaster Laboratory, Sydney, N.S.W.
Marian Lazarus
Affiliation:
Australian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, McMaster Laboratory, Sydney, N.S.W.
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1. The r.q. of whole Neoaplectana glaseri rose from 0·56 to 1·10 when glucose was added to the medium. The Qo2 was only slightly affected. Respiration of other nematode parasites was largely unaffected by exogenous glucose. Pyruvate had little or no effect.

2. Inorganic phosphate increased when Ascaris lumbricoides muscle brei was incubated. In the presence of fluoride, or when aqueous extracts were used, easily and difficultly hydrolysable phosphate was formed. Phosphatase activity was dominant even in aqueous extracts of A. lumbricoides intestinal tissues and fluoride inhibited Po formation only slightly. Ptot., and PresIdual fell markedly in whole A. lumbricoides which had been incubated anaerobically. Under aerobic conditions Po fell slightly, but the other components rose considerably. Phosphorylative activity of A. lumbricoides ovary was greater than in the muscle. Phosphorus compounds in perienteric fluid did not change during incubation.

3. The breakdown of glycogen and the formation of glucose in aqueous extracts of Ascaridia galli was inhibited by fluoride and phloridzin. Polysaccharide was synthesized in fluoride-poisoned preparations when glucose 1-phosphate was added. Polysaccharide formation in Ascaris lumbricoides fluoridepoisoned muscle preparations was demonstrated without the addition of Cori ester.

4. Fructose 1:6-diphosphate added to aqueous extracts of Ascaridia galli and Nematodirus spp. was rapidly metabolized at pH 6·5. At pH 7·2 the fructose content increased.

5. In aqueous extracts of Nematodirus or Ascaridia brei which had been autolysed for short periods, 55–60% of the glycogen utilized appeared as glucose. Only small amounts of lactate were formed. Aqueous extracts of Nematodirus and Ascaridia brei which had been autolysed for long periods formed glucose in excess of the glycogen disappearing. When perienteric fluid, which contained amylase, was removed from A. galli before autolysis, the amount of glucose formed was very much reduced. It is suggested that the excess glucose was formed from dextrins which were not estimated as glycogen and which were hydrolysed by perienteric fluid amylase during incubation.

Lactate decreased during the incubation of extracts prepared from brei which had been autolysed for long periods.

6. Bicarbonate decreased during the anaerobic incubation of aqueous extracts of Nematodirus spp. and Ascaridia galli which were buffered with CO2-bicarbonate. The decrease in bicarbonate was in excess of the CO2 expelled from the medium by acid formation.

7. The acid-soluble phosphorus compounds of the different tissues of Ascaris lumbricoides were examined. Compounds similar to a.t.p. were found in the intestine, ovary, muscle and possibly also in the perienteric fluid. The acid-unstable phosphorus compounds did not appear to be either creatine- or arginine-phosphate. Compounds similar to Embden ester were found in the ovary and muscle. The occurrence of the phosphate compounds found in the parasite is compared with figures given for other organisms.

8. It is concluded that carbohydrate fermentation as far as lactate in nematode parasites was similar to that found in yeast and mammalian muscle. Energy was transferred by means of high-energy phosphate bonds.

9. Phospholipids, which were found in considerable amounts in the tissues of A. lumbricoides, were estimated as lecithin, sphingomyelin and serine- and ethanolamine-containing phospholipids. The amounts of the phospholipids found in the parasite tissues are compared with figures given for other organisms.

The authors are deeply indebted to Prof. D. Keilin and Dr T. Mann of the Molteno Institute, Cambridge, for their advice and critical reading of the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Dr E. F. Gale and Dr E. Friedemann for advice on analytical procedures.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 39 , Issue 3-4 , February 1949 , pp. 302 - 314
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1949

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