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Modulation of innate immunity by African Trypanosomes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2010

DONNA M. PAULNOCK ,
BAILEY E. FREEMAN  and
JOHN M. MANSFIELD
DONNA M. PAULNOCK
Affiliation:
Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
BAILEY E. FREEMAN
Affiliation:
Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
JOHN M. MANSFIELD*
Affiliation:
Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
*
*Contact Information: Professor John M. Mansfield, Department of Bacteriology, 1550 Linden Drive, Microbial Sciences Building, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706USA. (E-mail: mansfield@bact.wisc.edu)
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Summary

The experimental studies of Brucei group trypanosomes presented here demonstrate that the balance of host and parasite factors, especially IFN-γ GPI-sVSG respectively, and the timing of cellular exposure to them, dictate the predominant MP and DC activation profiles present at any given time during infection and within specific tissues. The timing of changes in innate immune cell functions following infection consistently support the conclusion that the key events controlling host resistance occur within a short time following initial exposure to the parasite GPI substituents. Once the changes in MP and DC activities are initiated, there appears little that the host can do to reverse these changes and alter the final outcome of these regulatory events. Instead, despite the availability of multiple innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that can control parasites, there is an inability to control trypanosome numbers sufficiently to prevent the emergence and establishment of virulent trypanosomes that eventually kill the host. Overall it appears that trypanosomes have carefully orchestrated the host innate and adaptive immune response so that parasite survival and transmission, and alterations of host immunity, are to its ultimate benefit.

Keywords

African trypanosomesinnate immunityimmunoregulationGPI
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 137 , Special Issue 14: African trypanosomiasis: New insights for disease control , December 2010 , pp. 2051 - 2063
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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References

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