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Dietary fibre intake, adiposity, and metabolic disease risk in Pacific and New Zealand European women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2024

N. Renall
Affiliation:
School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
B. Merz
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
J. Douwes
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
M. Corbin
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
J. Slater
Affiliation:
School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
G.W. Tannock
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
R. Firestone
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
R. Kruger
Affiliation:
School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
B.H. Breier
Affiliation:
School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
L. Te Morenga
Affiliation:
Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Abstract

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The aim of this study was to explore associations between habitual dietary fibre intake, adiposity, and biomarkers of metabolic health in Pacific and New Zealand European women who are known to have different metabolic disease risks. Pacific (n = 126) and New Zealand European (NZ European; n = 161) women (18-45years) were recruited to the PROMISE cross-sectional study(1) based on normal (18-24.9kg/m2) and obese BMI (≥30kg/m2). Body fat percentage (BF%), measured using whole body DXA, was used to stratify participants into low (<35%) or high (≥35%) BF% groups. Habitual dietary intake was calculated using the National Cancer Institute method, involving a 5-day-food-record and a semi-quantitative FFQ. Fasting blood was analysed for glucose, insulin, and lipid profile. NZ European women in the low- and high-BF% groups were older, less socioeconomically deprived, and consumed more dietary fibre (median 23.7g/day [25-75-percentile, 20.1, 29.9]; 20.9 [19.4, 24.9]) than Pacific women (18.8 [15.6, 22.1]; 17.8 [15.0, 20.8]; both p<0.001), respectively. Pacific women consumed a higher proportion of their total fibre intake from discretionary fast foods, in contrast NZ European women consumed more dietary fibre from wholegrains. Regression analysis controlling for ethnicity, age, socioeconomic deprivation, energy intake, protein, total carbohydrate, and fat intake showed significant inverse associations between higher dietary fibre intake and BF% and visceral fat% (β = −0.47, 95% CI = −0.62, −0.31, p<0.001; β = −0.61, [−0.82, −0.40], p<0.001, respectively) among both Pacific and NZ European women. LDL-C (β = −0.04, [−0.06, −0.01]) was inversely associated with fibre intake following further adjustment for BF%-groups in NZ European women. Despite differences in intake, dietary fibre was inversely associated with adiposity and metabolic disease risk in both Pacific and NZ European women. However younger woman living in areas of higher socio-economic deprivation who consumed a higher proportion of total dietary fibre intake from discretionary fast foods were more likely to have low dietary fibre intakes than older, wealthier women. These women were also more likely to be Pacific women. Increasing habitual dietary fibre intake could help to reduce adiposity and metabolic disease risk; so implementing policies that make health-promoting high fibre foods more affordable, ensuring households have sufficient income to purchase nutritious food and limiting the amount of unhealthy food marketing that low income communities are exposed to should be public health priorities.

Type
Abstract
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

References

Kindleysides, S, Kruger, R, Douwes, J et al. (2019) JMIR Res Protoc 8, 116.10.2196/14529CrossRefGoogle Scholar