Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T02:33:03.463Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Dietary guidelines for the breast-feeding woman

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2001

Pilar Cervera*
Affiliation:
Centre d'Ensenyament Superior de Nutriciói Dietètica (CESNID), University of Barcelona, La Masia, Av. de Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
Joy Ngo
Affiliation:
Centre d'Ensenyament Superior de Nutriciói Dietètica (CESNID), University of Barcelona, La Masia, Av. de Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
*
*Corresponding author: Email info@cesnid.es
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Sociodemographic and economic changes in Spain have played a role in the choice of infant feeding as more and more women enter the workforce. Nevertheless, the prevalence of breast-fed-only infants at 6 weeks remains fairly high, at 65.5% in 1999, although there is a sharp decline by 3 and 6 months postpartum. Achieving adequate nutritional status for lactation principally begins during pregnancy, as this constitutes the biological stage for accumulating nutrient stores. The benefits of breast-feeding for the mother and infant are presented, along with nutrition and dietary guidelines for the nursing woman. Apart from dietary considerations, special attention should be paid to encouraging a positive attitude and environment for breast-feeding success.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 2001

References

1 Fomon, S. Nutrición del Lactante. Madrid: Mosby/Doyma, 1995.Google Scholar
2 Lawrence, R. La Lactancia Materna: Una Guía para la Profesión Médica, 4th ed. Madrid: Mosby/Doyma, 1996.Google Scholar
3 Van den Boom, SAM, Kimber, AC, Morgan, JB. Type of milk feeding in infants and young children up to 19 months of age in three socio-economic groups in Madrid. Acta Paediatr. 1993; 82:1017–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4 Dirección General de Salud Pública. Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España 1995. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 1996.Google Scholar
5 Dirección General de Salud Pública. Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España 1997. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 1998.Google Scholar
6 Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Indicadores Sociales de España. Encuesta de Población Activa, 1999. Madrid: INE, 2000.Google Scholar
7 US Department of Health and Human Services. HHS Blueprint for Action on Breastfeeding. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Women's Health, 2000.Google Scholar
8 Picciano, MF. Human milk: nutritional aspects of a dynamic food. Biol. Neonate 1998; 74:8493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9 Dewey, KG. Growth characteristics of breast-fed compared to formula-fed infants. Biol. Neonate 1998; 74:94105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10 Elliott, KG, Kjolhede, CL, Gournis, E, Rasmussen, KM. Duration of breastfeeding associated with obesity during adolescence. Obes. Res. 1997; 5(6):538–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11 Oken, E, Lightdale, JR. Updates in pediatric nutrition. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 2000; 12(3):282–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12 Norris, JM, Scott, FW. A meta-analysis of infant diet and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: do biases play a role? Epidemiology 1996; 7(1):8792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13 Pettitt, DJ, Forman, MR, Hanson, RL, Knowler, WC, Bonnett, PH. Breastfeeding and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians. Lancet 1997; 350:166–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14 Greco, L, Auricchio, S, Mayer, M, Grimaldi, M. Case control study on nutritional risk factors in celiac disease. J. Pediatr. Gastro. Nutr. 1997; 7(3):395–9.Google Scholar
15 Falth-Magnusson, K, Franzen, L, Jansson, G, Laurin, P, Stenhammar, L. Infant feeding history shows distinct differences between Swedish celiac and reference children. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 1996; 7(3):15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16 Ascher, H, Krantz, I, Rydberg, L, Nordin, P, Kristiansson, B. Influence of infant feeding and gluten intake on celiac disease. Arch. Dis. Child. 1997; 76:113–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17 Koletzko, S, Sherman, P, Corey, M, Griffiths, A, Smith, C. Role of infant feeding practices in development of Crohn's disease in childhood. BMJ 1989; 298:1617–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18 Shu, XO, Linet, MS, Steinbuch, M, Wen, WO, Buckley, JD, Neglia, JP, Potter, JD, Reaman, GH, Robinson, Ll. Breastfeeding and risk of childhood acute leukemia. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1999; 91(20):1765–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19 Gruber, M, Marshall, JR, Zielezney, M, Lance, P. A case– control study to examine the influence of maternal perinatal behaviors on the incidence of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterol. Nursing 1996; 19(2):53–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20 Saarinen, UM, Kajosaari, M. Breastfeeding as prophylaxis against atopic disease: prospective follow-up study until 17 years old. Lancet 1995; 346:1065–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21 Oddy, WH, Holt, PG, Sly, PD, Read, AW, Landau, LI, Stanley, FJ, Kendall, GE. Association between breast feeding and asthma in 6 year old children: findings of a prospective birth cohort study. BMJ 1999; 319:815–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22 Burr, ML, Limb, ES, Maguire, MJ, Amarah, L, Eldridge, BA, Layzell, JC, Merrett, TG. Infant feeding, wheezing, and allergy: a prospective study. Arch. Dis. Child. 1993; 68:724–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23 Anderson, EW, Johnstone, BM, Remax, DT. Breastfeeding and cognitive development: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999; 70:525–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24 Jacobson, SW, Chiodo, LM, Jacobson, JL. Breastfeeding effects on intelligence quotient in 4- and 11-year-old children. Pediatrics 1999; 103(5):71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25 Jorgensen, MH, Hernell, O, Lund, P, Holmer, G, Michaelsen, KF. Visual acuity and erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid status in breastfed and formula-fed term infants during the first four months of life. Lipids 1996; 31(1):99105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26 Hamosh, M, Salem, N. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biol. Neonate 1998; 74:106–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27 Heinig, MJ, Dewey, KG. Health effects of breastfeeding for mothers: a critical review. Nutr. Res. Rev. 1997; 10:3556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28 Kuzela, AL, Stifter, CA, Worobey, J. Breastfeeding and mother–infant interactions. J. Reprod. Infant. Psychol. 1990; 8:185–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29 Windstrom, AM, Wahlberg, V, Matthiesen, AS, Eneroth, P, Uvnas-Moberg, K, Werner, S, Winberg, J. Short-term effects of early suckling and touch of the nipple on maternal behavior. Early Hum. Dev. 1990; 21:153–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30 Virden, SF. The relationship between infant feeding method and maternal role adjustment. J. Nurs. Midwif. 1988; 33(1):31–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31 Montgomery, DL, Splett, PL. Economic benefit of breastfeeding infants enrolled in WIC. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1997; 97: 379–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32 Hoey, C, Ware, JL. Economic advantages of breast-feeding in an HMO setting: a pilot study. Am. J. Man. Care 1997; 3(6): 861–5.Google Scholar
33 Cervera, P. Alimentación Maternoinfantil, 2th ed. Barcelona: Masson, 2000.Google Scholar
34 Cervera, P, Trias, E. Alimentación y nutrición. In: Bras, J, de la Flor, JE, Masvidal, RM, eds. Pediatría en Atención Primaria. Barcelona: Springer-Verlag Ibérica, 1997.Google Scholar
35 Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), División de Salud y Desarrollo del Niño. Pruebas Científicas de los Diez Pasos Hacia una Feliz Lactancia Natural. Ginebra: OMS, 1998.Google Scholar
36 Associació Catalana Pro Alletament Matern. Lactancia Materna: Manual para Profesionales, 2th ed. Barcelona: Associació Catalana Pro Alletament Matern, 1994.Google Scholar
37 Courpotin, C, Girardet, JP, Machinot, S. La Alimentación del Lactante. Barcelona: Labor, 1981.Google Scholar
38 Fernández Ballart, JD. Nutrición durante el embarazo y la lactancia. In: Serra, LI, Aranceta, J, Mataix, J, eds. Nutritición y Salud Pública: Métodos, Bases Científicas y Aplicaciones. Barcelona: Masson, 1995.Google Scholar
39 Departamento de Nutrición. Ingestas Recomendadas de Energía y Nutrientes para la Población Española. Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1998.Google Scholar
40 Committee on Nutrition. Nutrition during Lactation [Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations]. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1991.Google Scholar
41 CESNID/Ndiet Soft. PAN: Programa de Alimentación y Nutrición, Versión 1.0 para Windows 95/98. Barcelona: CESNID/Ndiet Soft SL, 2000.Google Scholar
42 Spisak, S, Gross, SS. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. Washington, DC: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 1991.Google Scholar
43 Bofill, A, Vilaplana, M, Rivero, M. Manual de Dispensació de Llets Infantils. Barcelona: Collegi de Farmacèutics de la Província de Barcelona, 1996.Google Scholar
44 Stone, M. Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. In: Mahan, K, Escott-Stump, S, eds. Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy, 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co., 1996.Google Scholar