Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-13T07:24:16.423Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Accommodation Needs of Gypsies/Travellers: New Approaches to Policy in England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2008

Margaret Greenfields*
Affiliation:
Buckinghamshire Chilterns University, Faculty of Society and Health, Buckinghamshire E-mail: Margaret.Greenfields@bcuc.ac.uk

Abstract

Since 2003 central government has undertaken a review of law and policy pertaining to Gypsies and Travellers, resulting in a new statutory requirement (Housing Act 2004) and policy guidance (Circular 1/2006) for local authorities undertaking Gypsy Traveller Needs Assessments (GTAAs).

This article first places Gypsy Traveller law and policy within a wider context of social theory, drawing upon the work of Foucault, Cohen, Deleuze and Simmel to explore the growing hostility between settled and travelling communities and the state's current response, which is grounded in a concern for community cohesion. After reviewing recent policy reports and initiatives this article briefly compares three Gypsy Traveller Accommodation Assessments, discusses the preferred methodologies for such exercises; differences in the Gypsy/Traveller populations in the three areas, and the implications of such variations for further studies. Finally, an assessment is made of the prospect of current initiatives resulting in practical improvements in the lived experiences of Gypsy Travellers.

Type
Themed Section Care or Control? Gypsies, Travellers and the State
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackroyd, P. 2002, London: The Biography, London: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Acton, T. 1974, Gypsy Politics and Social Change, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Acton, T. (ed.) 1997, Gypsy Politics and Traveller Identity, Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.Google Scholar
Bancroft, A. 2005, Roma and Gypsy-Travellers in Europe: Modernity, Race, Space and Exclusion, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
Barth, F. 1969, ‘Introduction’, in Barth, F. (ed.), Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organisation of Culture Difference, London: George Allen & Unwin, pp. 338.Google Scholar
Bauman, Z. 1989, Modernity and the Holocaust, Oxford: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Becker, H. 1963, Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Beier, A. L. 1985, Masterless Men: The Vagrancy Problem in England 1560–1640, London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Borrow, G. 1851, Lavengro, London: Dent (new edition 1944).Google Scholar
Borrow, G. 1857, Romany Rye, London: Dent (new edition1969).Google Scholar
Clark, C. 1997, ‘New Age Travellers: identity sedentarism and social security – NT and social security’, in Acton, T. (ed.), pp. 125–141.Google Scholar
Clark, C. 2006, ‘Introduction’, in Clark, C. and Greenfields, M. (eds), Here to Stay, Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, pp. 19.Google ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S. and Scull, A. (eds) 1983, Social Control and the State, Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Cohen, S. 1980, Folk Devils and Modern Panics: Images of Mods and Rockers, 2nd edition, Oxford: Martin Robertson.Google Scholar
Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) 2006, ‘Common ground: equality, good race relations and sites for Gypsies and Irish Travellers’. Available from www.cre.gov.uk/downloads/commonground_report.pdf [Accessed 29 June 2007].Google Scholar
Communities and Local Government (Department of) 2007a, ‘Overview of Gypsies and Travellers: Gypsy and Traveller accommodation policy’. Available from http://comunities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1153487 and www.communities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1153489 [Accessed 1 July 2007].Google Scholar
Communities and Local Government (Department of) 2007b, ‘Consultation on revised planning guidance in relation to Travelling Showpeople’, CLG, London. Available from http://www.communities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1510168 [Accessed 15 June 2007].Google Scholar
Crawley, H. 2004, Moving Forward: The Provision of Accommodation for Travellers and Gypsies, London: Institute for Public Policy Research.Google Scholar
Dearling, A. 1998, No Boundaries, Lyme Regis: Enabler Publications.Google Scholar
Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. 1988, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, translated by Massumi, Brian, London: Athlone.Google Scholar
Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. 1994, What is Philosophy?, translated by Tomlinson, Hugh and Burchell, G., New York, Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Department of the Environment (DoE) 1994, Planning Circular 1/94 Gypsy sites and Planning, London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Dodds, N. 1966, Gypsies, Didikois and Other Travellers, London: Johnson Publications.Google Scholar
Duncan, T. 1996, ‘Neighbours’ views of official sites for Travelling people’, The Planning Exchange/ Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Glasgow, Available from www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/housing/H201.asp [Accessed 1 July 2007.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. 1961, Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason, reprinted (1971), translated by Howard, Richard, London: Tavistock.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, M. 1963, The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception, translated by Sheridan, A.M, London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. 1977, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. 1980, ‘Power: The Essential Works 3’, Faubion, J. D. (ed.), London: Penguin Press.Google Scholar
Fox, N. J. 2002, ‘Refracting Health: Deleuze, Guattari and body/self’, Health, 6 (5): 347364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraser, A. 1992, The Gypsies, Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Greenfields, M. and Home, R. 2006, ‘“Assessing Gypsies” and Travellers’ needs: partnership working and “The Cambridge Project” ‘, Romani Studies, 16, 2, 105131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenfields, M. 2006a), ‘Employment and travelling patterns: findings from British Gypsy and Traveller needs assessments’, unpublished conference paper, Gypsy Lore Society Annual Meeting Tucson, June 2006.Google Scholar
Greenfields, M. 2006b, ‘Gypsies, Travellers and legal matters’ in ‘Here to Stay’, Clark, C. and Greenfields, M. (eds), Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, pp. 133182.Google Scholar
Home, R. 2006, ‘The planning system and the accommodation needs of Gypsies’, in Clark, C. and Greenfields, M. (eds), Here to Stay, Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, pp. 90107.Google Scholar
House of Commons 2004, ‘Select Committee on Office of the Deputy Prime Minister: Housing, Planning, Local Government and the Regions Thirteenth Report Gypsy Sites’, TSO, London. Available from http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmodpm/633/63302.htm [Accessed 1 July 2007].Google Scholar
Humphries, R. 1999, No Fixed Abode: A History of Responses to the Roofless and the Rootless in Britain, Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, Z. and Richardson, J. 2006, ‘Controlling accommodation: policing Gypsies and Travellers’, in Dearling, A., Newburn, T. and Somerville, P. (eds), Supporting Safer Communities: Housing, Crime and Neighbourhoods, Coventry: Chartered Institute of Housing, Policy and Practice Series.Google Scholar
James, Z. 2006, ‘Policing space: managing New Travellers in England’, British Journal of Criminology, 46, 3, 470485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, C. and Willers, M. eds. 2004, Gypsy and Traveller Law, London: Legal Action Group.Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. and Clark, C. 1999, Moving On: The Gypsies and Travellers of Britain, Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. 2004, Gypsies: From the Ganges to the Thames, Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.Google Scholar
Mayall, D. 1995, English Gypsies and State Policies, Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.Google Scholar
McVeigh, R. 1997, ‘Theorising sedentarism: the roots of anti-nomadism’, in Acton, T. (ed.), pp. 7–25.Google Scholar
Morris, R. and Clements, L. 2002, At What Cost? The Economics of Gypsy and Traveller Encampments, Bristol: The Policy Press.Google Scholar
Morris, R. 2006, ‘Nomads and newspapers’, in Clark, C. and Greenfields, M. (eds), Here to Stay, Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, pp. 236258.Google Scholar
ni Shuinear, S. 1997, Why do Gaujos hate Gypsies so much anyway? A case study’, in Acton, T. (ed.), pp. 26–53.Google Scholar
Niner, P. 2003, ‘Local Authority Gypsy/Traveller sites in England’, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, London. Available from http://www.communities.gov.uk/pub/516/LocalAuthorityGypsyTravellersitesinEnglandFullReportPDF985Kb_id1153516.pdf [Accessed 1 August 2006].Google Scholar
Niner, P. 2004, ‘Counting Gypsies and Travellers: a review of the Gypsy Caravan count system’, ODPM, London. Available from http://www.communities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1155501 [Accessed 1 August 2006].Google Scholar
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) 2006a, ‘Gypsy and Traveller accommodation assessments: draft practice guidance’, TST, London.Google Scholar
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) 2006b, ‘Circular 01/2006 Planning for Gypsy and Traveller Caravan Sites’, TST, London. Available from http://www.communities.gov.uk/pub/389/Circular0106ODPMPlanningforGypsyandTravellerCaravanSitesPDF253Kb_id1163389.pdf [Accessed 1 August 2006].Google Scholar
Richardson, J. 2006, The Gypsy Debate: Can Discourse Control? Exeter: Imprint Academic.Google Scholar
Rickard, G. 1995, Vagrants, Gypsies and ‘Travellers’ in Kent 1572–1948, Canterbury: The Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies.Google Scholar
Schensul, J. 2005, ‘Strengthening communities through research partnerships for social change: perspectives from the Institute for Community Research’, in Hyland, S. (ed.), Community Building in the Twenty-First Century, Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research, pp.191218.Google Scholar
Simmel, G. 1950, ‘The stranger’, in Wolff, K. (ed.), The Sociology of Georg Simmel, New York: Free Press, pp. 402408.Google Scholar
Stonewall 2003, Profiles of Prejudice. The Nature of Prejudice in England: In-Depth Analysis of Findings Carried out by MORI in May 2003 on Behalf of Stonewall's Citizenship 21 Project, London: Stonewall.Google Scholar
Sway, M. 1975, ‘Gypsies as a perpetual minority: a case study’, in Humbolt Journal of Social Relations, 3, 1, 4855, cited Bancroft (2005).Google Scholar
Turner, R. 2002, ‘Gypsies and British parliamentary language’, Romani Studies, 12, 1, 26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Universities of Birmingham, Salford and Sheffield Hallam 2007, ‘Preparing regional spatial strategy reviews on Gypsies and Travellers by regional planning bodies’, DCLG, London. Available from www.communities.gov.uk/pub/209/PreparingRegionalSpatialStrategyreviewsonGypsiesandTravellersbyregionalplannings_id1508209.pdf [Accessed 29 June 2007].Google Scholar
Weir, A. 2001, Henry VIII the King and His Court, London: Random House.Google Scholar
Williams, T. 1999, Private Gypsy Site Provision, Harlow: Advisory Council for the Education of Romany and other Travellers (ACERT).Google Scholar
Winder, R. 2004, Bloody Foreigners: The Story of Immigration to Britain, London: Little Brown.Google Scholar