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Time and Temperature Requirements for Weed Seed Thermal Death

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ruth M. Dahlquist ,
Timothy S. Prather  and
James J. Stapleton
Ruth M. Dahlquist*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, P.O. Box 442339, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Timothy S. Prather
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, P.O. Box 442339, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
James J. Stapleton
Affiliation:
Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program, Kearney Agricultural Center, University of California, 9240 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: rdahlquist@vandals.uidaho.edu
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Abstract

Mortality of weed seeds at temperatures of 39, 42, 46, 50, 60, and 70 C was recorded through time under controlled laboratory conditions similar to those of soil solarization for six weed species: annual sowthistle, barnyardgrass, black nightshade, common purslane, London rocket, and tumble pigweed. Time and temperature requirements for thermal death varied considerably among the species studied. Barnyardgrass, London rocket, and annual sowthistle were more susceptible to heat treatment than black nightshade, common purslane, and tumble pigweed. Temperatures of 50 C and above were lethal for seeds of all species. Common purslane seeds were unaffected at 46 C and below, tumble pigweed and barnyardgrass seeds were unaffected at 42 C and below, and black nightshade seeds were unaffected at 39 C. Nonlinear models for mortality as a function of duration of heat treatment were developed for each species at each temperature at which mortality occurred. These models provide an empirical relationship for the construction of field-applicable decision models that could predict the accumulation of time and temperature combinations for effective solarization of weed seeds.

Keywords

Annual sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus L. SONOLbarnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCGblack nightshade, Solanum nigrum L. SOLNIcommon purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. POROLLondon rocket, Sisymbrium irio L. SSYIRtumble pigweed, Amaranthus albus L. AMAALSoil solarizationmethyl bromide alternatives
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 55 , Issue 6 , December 2007 , pp. 619 - 625
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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