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First report on ALS herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) from rice fields of India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2023

Vijay K. Choudhary Open the ORCID record for Vijay K. Choudhary [Opens in a new window] ,
Seshadri S. Reddy Open the ORCID record for Seshadri S. Reddy [Opens in a new window] ,
Subhash K. Mishra Open the ORCID record for Subhash K. Mishra [Opens in a new window] ,
Yogita Gharde Open the ORCID record for Yogita Gharde [Opens in a new window] ,
Sunil Kumar Open the ORCID record for Sunil Kumar [Opens in a new window] ,
Mayank Yadav Open the ORCID record for Mayank Yadav [Opens in a new window] ,
Suhrid Barik Open the ORCID record for Suhrid Barik [Opens in a new window]  and
P.K. Singh Open the ORCID record for P.K. Singh [Opens in a new window]
Vijay K. Choudhary*
Affiliation:
Senior Scientist, ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Seshadri S. Reddy
Affiliation:
Weed Scientist, Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, USA
Subhash K. Mishra
Affiliation:
Project Fellow, ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Yogita Gharde
Affiliation:
Scientist, ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Sunil Kumar
Affiliation:
Principal Biologist, Corteva AgriScience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Mayank Yadav
Affiliation:
Head, Field Solutions R&D, Bayer Crop Science, Thane, Maharashtra, India
Suhrid Barik
Affiliation:
Field Scientist, Corteva AgriScience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
P.K. Singh
Affiliation:
Principal Scientist, ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
*
Author for correspondence: Vijay K. Choudhary, Senior Scientist, ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, 482004 Email: ind_vc@rediffmail.com
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Abstract

Bispyribac-sodium, a herbicide that inhibits acetolactate synthase (ALS), is frequently used in rice fields in India to control weeds, including the most common noxious weed, barnyardgrass. However, rice growers have recently reported reduced control of barnyardgrass with bispyribac-sodium. Hence, a large-scale survey was carried out to assess bispyribac-sodium resistance in Chhattisgarh and Kerala, two rice-growing states. Open-field pot experiments were conducted for 2 yr to confirm resistance to bispyribac-sodium. Of the 37 biotypes tested, 30% (11) survived the recommended label rate of bispyribac-sodium (25 g ai ha−1). The effective rate of bispyribac-sodium required to achieve 50% control (ED50) of putative resistant biotypes ranged from 18 to 41 g ha−1, whereas it was about 10 g ha−1 for susceptible biotypes. This suggests that putative biotypes were two to four times more resistant to bispyribac-sodium. At 6 d after herbicide application, an in vitro enzyme assay demonstrated higher ALS enzyme activity in putative resistant biotypes (66% to 75%) compared with susceptible biotypes (48% to 52%). This indicates the presence of an insensitive ALS enzyme in those biotypes and a target site mutation as a possible mechanism for resistance. Whole-plant bioassays also suggested that the resistance problem is more widespread in Chhattisgarh than in Kerala. This study confirmed the first case of evolved resistance in barnyardgrass to bispyribac-sodium in rice fields of India.

Keywords

Bispyribac-sodiumbarnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.riceOryza sativa L.ALS enzyme activityALS-inhibiting herbicidebarnyardgrass
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 37 , Issue 3 , June 2023 , pp. 236 - 242
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: R. Joseph Wuerffel, Syngenta

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