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Citric Ester Surfactants as Adjuvants with Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Heather E. Johnson ,
James L. Hazen  and
Donald Penner
Heather E. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
James L. Hazen
Affiliation:
Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry, LLC., 5777 Frantz Road, Dublin, OH 43017
Donald Penner*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pennerd@msu.edu
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Abstract

Research was conducted to evaluate structure–function relationships of citric acid esters that varied in alkyl chain number (mono-, di-, and tri-), ethylene oxide number (EO 4,7,9,25,35,52), and alkyl chain length (C8, C12/14, C16/18). Adjuvant efficacy was evaluated on two weed species for each of the four herbicides. The experimental adjuvants were applied with glyphosate and glufosinate on giant foxtail and common lambsquarters, imazamox on velvetleaf and common lambsquarters, and nicosulfuron on giant foxtail and large crabgrass. Adjuvant efficacy was weed and herbicide specific. EO number and alkyl chain length and number influenced adjuvant efficacy with the effectiveness of various combinations dependent on both herbicide and weed species. EO numbers as high as 52 were shown to be effective for glyphosate, glufosinate, and imazamox.

Keywords

Glufosinateglyphosateimazamox ammonium saltnicosulfuroncommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. #3 CHEALgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. # SETFAlarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSAvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus. # ABUTHAdjuvantsurfactantDAT, days after treatmentEO, ethylene oxide
Type
Commentary
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 16 , Issue 4 , December 2002 , pp. 867 - 872
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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