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The Supreme Court and federalism in Nigeria*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2008

Rotimi T. Suberu
Rotimi T. Suberu*
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
*
Email: rotimisuberu@yahoo.com
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Abstract

Since Nigeria's transition from military to civilian rule in 1999, the country's Supreme Court has risen from a position of relative political obscurity and institutional vulnerability into a prominent and independent adjudicator of inter-governmental disputes in this chronically conflicted federation. Examined here is the Court's arbitration, during President Olusegun Obasanjo's two civilian constitutional terms (1999–2007), of fifteen different federal-state litigations over offshore oil resources, revenue allocation, local governance and public order. The Court's federalism decisions were remarkably independent and reasonably balanced, upholding the constitutional supremacy of the Federal Government in several findings, tilting towards the states in some declarations, and simultaneously underwriting federal authority and state autonomy in other rulings. Despite the Court's important and independent role, however, the Nigerian federation was vexed by violent conflicts, underscoring the structural, political and constitutional constraints on judicial federalism in this notoriously complex and divided country.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 46 , Issue 3 , September 2008 , pp. 451 - 485
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

The author gratefully acknowledges the financial and institutional support of the United States Institute of Peace (USIP), the personal encouragement of Chief Adeniyi Akintola (Senior Advocate of Nigeria-SAN), and the invaluable suggestions of an anonymous reviewer for the journal.

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