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Neuropsychological Alterations in Narcolepsy with Cataplexy and the Expression of Cognitive Deficits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2019

Pablo Medrano-Martinez  and
Rosa Peraita-Adrados Open the ORCID record for Rosa Peraita-Adrados [Opens in a new window]
Pablo Medrano-Martinez
Affiliation:
Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid28223, Spain
Rosa Peraita-Adrados*
Affiliation:
Sleep and Epilepsy Unit – Clinical Neurophysiology Service, University General Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid28007, Spain
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Rosa Peraita-Adrados MD, PhD, Sleep and Epilepsy Unit – Clinical Neurophysiology Service, University General Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), C/ Dr. Esquerdo, 46, Madrid 28007, Spain. Phone: +34 616070310; Fax: +34 91 5868018. E-mail: rosa-peraita@telefonica.net
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Abstract

Objectives:

The objective of our study was to assess attention processes and executive function in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy (NT1). To do so, we compared the results with those of a control group from the general population using an extensive neuropsychological test battery.

Methods:

We studied 28 patients with NT1 and 28 healthy control participants matched for age, gender, and educational level. They all completed questionnaires on sleepiness, anxiety, and depression symptoms. In addition, they underwent neuropsychological tests. The ability to maintain attention was assessed using three computer tasks with different levels of complexity.

Results:

Patients had significantly more daytime sleepiness than controls. A significant negative correlation between depression and disease duration was found in NT1 patients. The results of the anxiety questionnaire correlated with the presence of sleep paralysis. There were significant differences in information processing speed subtasks. Patients made significantly more omissions and generally reacted slower and more variably than controls in computerized tasks. As for executive function, patients performed worse in phonologic fluency tasks than controls. However, when the influence of processing speed on fluency tasks was statistically controlled, part of this significant difference disappeared.

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that the negative correlation between depression and disease duration probably reflects progressive adaptation to the functional burden of the disease. Information processing speed plays a fundamental role in the expression of cognitive deficits. We emphasized the need to control the influence of processing speed and sustained attention in the neuropsychological assessment of NT1 patients.

Keywords

AttentionCognitionDepressionExecutive functionNarcolepsyNeuropsychological test
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 26 , Issue 6 , July 2020 , pp. 587 - 595
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019

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