Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T20:17:05.145Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘I've got lots of gaps, but I want to hang on to the ones that I have’: the ageing body, oral health and stories of the mouth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2018

Lorna Warren*
Affiliation:
Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Jennifer E. Kettle
Affiliation:
School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Barry J. Gibson
Affiliation:
School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Angus Walls
Affiliation:
Dental Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Peter G. Robinson
Affiliation:
School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Email: l.warren@sheffield.ac.uk

Abstract

The mouth may be presented and understood in different ways, be subject to judgement by others and, as we age, may intrude on everyday life due to problems that affect oral health. However, research that considers older people's experiences concerning their mouths and teeth is limited. This paper reports on qualitative research with 43 people in England and Scotland, aged 65–91, exploring the significance of the mouth over the lifecourse. It uses the concept of ‘mouth talk’ to explore narratives of maintaining, losing and replacing teeth. Participants engaged in ‘mouth talk’ to downplay the impact of the mouth, demonstrate socially appropriate ageing, and distance themselves from ‘real’ old age by retaining a moral identity and sense of self. They also found means to challenge dominant discourses of ageing in how they spoke about missing teeth. Referring to Leder's notion of ‘dys-appearance’ and Gilleard and Higgs’ work on the social imaginary of the fourth age, the study illustrates the ways in which ‘mouth talk’ can contribute to sustaining a sense of self in later life, presenting the ageing mouth, with and without teeth, as an absent presence. It also argues for the importance of listening to stories of the mouth in order to expand understanding of people's approaches to oral health in older age.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams, D, Swift, HJ, Lamong, RA and Drury, L (2015) The Barriers to and Enablers of Positive Attitudes to Ageing and Older People, at the Societal and Individual Level. Government Office for Science. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/future-of-ageing-attitudes-to-ageing.Google Scholar
Bond, J and Cabrero, GR (2007) Health and dependency in later life. In Bond, J, Coleman, P and Peace, S (eds), Ageing in Society. London: Sage, 113141.Google Scholar
Borreani, E, Jones, K, Scambler, S and Gallagher, JE (2010) Informing the debate on oral health care for older people: a qualitative study of older people's views on oral health and oral health care. Gerodontology 27, 1118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brooks, AT (2010) Aesthetic anti-ageing surgery and technology: women's friend or foe? Sociology of Health & Illness 32, 238257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bury, M (1982) Chronic illness as biographical disruption. Sociology of Health & Illness 4, 167182.10.1111/1467-9566.ep11339939CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cardona, B (2008) ‘Healthy ageing’ policies and anti-ageing ideologies and practices: on the exercise of responsibility. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 11, 475483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chambers, P (1994) A biographical approach to widowhood. Generations Review 3, 812.Google Scholar
Clarke, A and Warren, L (2007) Hopes, fears and expectations about the future: what do older people's stories tell us about active ageing? Ageing & Society 27, 465488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, LH (1999) ‘We're not old!’: older women's negotiation of aging and oldness. Journal of Aging Studies 13, 419439.Google Scholar
Clarke, LH (2001) Older women's bodies and the self: the construction of identity in later life. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 38, 441464.10.1111/j.1755-618X.2001.tb00981.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, LH (2011) Facing Age: Women Growing Older in Anti-ageing Culture. Toronto: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Clarke, LH and Bundon, A (2009) From ‘the thing to do’ to ‘defying the ravages of age’: older women reflect on the use of lipstick. Journal of Women & Aging 21, 198212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, LH and Griffin, M (2007) The body natural and the body unnatural: beauty work and aging. Journal of Aging Studies 21, 187201.10.1016/j.jaging.2006.11.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, LH and Griffin, M (2008) Visible and invisible ageing: beauty work as a response to ageism. Ageing & Society 28, 187201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cruikshank, M (2003) Learning to Be Old: Gender, Culture, and Aging. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Donnelly, LR, Clarke, LH, Phinney, A and MacEntee, MI (2015) The impact of oral health on body image and social interactions among elders in long-term care. Gerodontology 33, 480489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dumas, A, Laberge, S and Straka, SM (2005) Older women's relations to bodily appearance: the embodiment of social and biological conditions of existence. Ageing & Society 25, 883902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Exley, C (2009) Bridging a gap: the (lack of a) sociology of oral health and healthcare. Sociology of Health & Illness 31, 10931108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Exley, C, Rousseau, N, Donaldson, C and Steele, JG (2012) Beyond price: individuals’ accounts of deciding to pay for private healthcare treatment in the UK. BMC Health Services Research 12, 5360.10.1186/1472-6963-12-53CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faircloth, CA (ed.) (2003) Aging Bodies: Images and Everyday Experience. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar
Fairhurst, E (1998) ‘Growing old gracefully’ as opposed to ‘mutton dressed as lamb’: the social construction of recognising older women. In Nettleton, S and Watson, J (eds), The Body in Everyday Life. London: Routledge, 258275.Google Scholar
Falk, P (1994) The Consuming Body. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Featherstone, M (2010) Body, image and affect in consumer culture. Body & Society 16, 193221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Featherstone, M and Hepworth, M (1991) The mask of ageing and the postmodern lifecourse. In Featherstone, M, Hepworth, M and Turner, BS (eds), The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory. London: Sage, 371389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Featherstone, M and Hepworth, M (2005) Images of ageing: cultural representations of later life. In Johnson, M, Bengston, VL, Coleman, PG and Kirkwood, TBL (eds), Cambridge Handbook of Age and Ageing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 354362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Featherstone, M and Wernick, A (eds) (1995) Images of Aging: Cultural Representations of Later Life. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Frank, AW (2010) Letting Stories Breathe: A Socio-narratology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226260143.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frank, AW (2013) The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics, 2nd Edn. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Gibson, BJ and Exley, C (2013) The mouth and society. Social Science and Dentistry 2, 5057.Google Scholar
Gibson, BJ, Sussex, PV, Fitzgerald, RP and Thomson, WM (2017) Complete tooth loss as status passage. Sociology of Health & Illness 39, 412427.10.1111/1467-9566.12492CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibson, BJ, Warren, L, Kettle, JE, Walls, A and Robinson, PG (2018) Oral care as a life course project: a qualitative grounded theory study. Gerodontology. Available online doi:/10.1111/ger.12372.Google Scholar
Gill, R, Henwood, K and McLean, C (2005) Body projects and the regulation of normative masculinity. Body & Society 11, 3762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilleard, CJ and Higgs, P (2000) Cultures of Ageing: Self, Citizen, and the Body. Harlow, UK: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Gilleard, C and Higgs, P (2010) Aging without agency: theorizing the fourth age. Aging & Mental Health 14, 121128.10.1080/13607860903228762CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilleard, C and Higgs, P (2011) Ageing abjection and embodiment in the fourth age. Journal of Aging Studies 25, 135142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilleard, C and Higgs, P (2013) The fourth age and the concept of a ‘social imaginary’: a theoretical excursus. Journal of Aging Studies 27, 368376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gimlin, D (2006) The absent body project: cosmetic surgery as a response to bodily dys-appearance. Sociology 40, 699716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gimlin, D (2007 a) What is ‘body work’? A review of the literature. Sociology Compass 1, 353370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gimlin, D (2007 b) Constructions of ageing and narrative resistance in a commercial slimming group. Ageing & Society 27, 407424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, J, Gibson, B and Robinson, PG (2005) Variation and change in the meaning of oral health related quality of life: a ‘grounded’ systems approach. Social Science & Medicine 60, 18591868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gullette, MM (2004) Aged by Culture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hogan, S and Warren, L (2012) Dealing with complexity in research processes and findings. How do older women negotiate and challenge images of ageing? Journal of Women and Ageing 24, 329350.Google ScholarPubMed
Katz, S (ed.) (2005) Cultural Aging: Life Course, Lifestyle, and Senior Worlds. Peterborough, Canada: Broadview Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kettle, JE, Warren, L, Gibson, BJ, Walls, A and Robinson, PG (in press) ‘I didn't want to pass that onto my child, being afraid to go to the dentist’: making sense of oral health through narratives of connectedness over the life course. Sociology of Health and Illness. Available online doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.12845.Google Scholar
Khalid, A and Quiñonez, C (2015) Straight, white teeth as a social prerogative. Sociology of Health & Illness 37, 782796.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleinberger, JA and Strickhouser, SM (2014) Missing teeth: reviewing the sociology of oral health and healthcare. Sociology Compass 8, 12961314.10.1111/soc4.12209CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristeva, J (1982) Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection, European Perspectives. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Laslett, P (1996) A Fresh Map of Life: The Emergence of the Third Age, 2nd Edn. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leder, D (1990) The Absent Body. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Liechty, T and Yarnal, CM (2010) Older women's body image: a lifecourse perspective. Ageing & Society 30, 11971218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, L, Calnan, M, Cameron, A, Seymour, J and Smith, R (2012) Identity in the fourth age: perseverance, adaptation and maintaining dignity. Ageing & Society 34, 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locker, D (1988) Measuring oral health: a conceptual framework. Community Dental Health 5, 318.Google ScholarPubMed
Lupton, D (1995) The Imperative of Health: Public Health and the Regulated Body. London: Sage.Google Scholar
MacEntee, MI, Hole, R and Stolar, E (1997) The significance of the mouth in old age. Social Science & Medicine 45, 14491458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKenzie-Green, B, Giddings, L, Buttle, L and Tahana, K (2009) Older peoples’ perceptions of oral health: ‘It's just not that simple’. International Journal of Dental Hygiene 7, 3138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minkler, M and Fadem, P (2002) Successful ageing. A disability perspective. Journal of Disability Policy Studies 12, 229235.10.1177/104420730201200402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, M, Amigoni, D, Bernard, M, Crummet, A, Goulding, A, Munro, L, Newman, A, Rezanno, J, Rickett, M, Tew, P and Warren, L (2014) Understanding and transforming ageing through the arts. In Walker, A (ed.), The New Science of Ageing. Bristol, UK: Policy Press, 77112.Google Scholar
Mykytyn, E (2008) Medicalizing the optimal: anti-aging medicine and the quandary of intervention. Journal of Aging Studies 22, 313321.10.1016/j.jaging.2008.05.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nettleton, S (1992) Power, Pain, and Dentistry. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Nettleton, S and Watson, J (eds) (1998) The Body in Everyday Life. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Niesten, D, van Mourik, K and van der Sanden, W (2012) The impact of having natural teeth on the QoL of frail dentulous older people. A qualitative study. BMC Public Health 12, 839852.10.1186/1471-2458-12-839CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nuttall, N, Tsakos, G, Lader, D and Hill, K (2011) 7. Outcome and Impact – A Report from the Adult Dental Health Survey 2009. Available at http://content.digital.nhs.uk/pubs/dentalsurveyfullreport09.Google Scholar
Owens, J, Gibson, BJ, Periyakaruppiah, K, Baker, SR and Robinson, PG (2014) Impairment effects, disability and dry mouth: exploring the public and private dimensions. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 18, 509525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phoenix, C (2011) Young bodies, old bodies, and stories of the athletic self. In Kenyon, G, Bohlmeijer, E and Randall, W (eds), Storying Later Life: Issues, Investigations, and Interventions in Narrative Gerontology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 111125.Google Scholar
Phoenix, C, Smith, B and Sparkes, AC (2010) Narrative analysis in aging studies: a typology for consideration. Journal of Aging Studies 24, 111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitts-Taylor, V (2003) In the Flesh: The Cultural Politics of Body Modification. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randall, WL and McKim, AE (2008) Reading Our Lives: The Poetics of Growing Old. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, N, Warren, L and Gott, M (2012) The challenge of creating ‘alternative’ images of ageing: lessons from a project with older women. Journal of Aging Studies 2, 6578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riessman, CK (2008) Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Rousseau, N, Steele, J, May, C and Exley, C (2014) ‘Your whole life is lived through your teeth’: biographical disruption and experiences of tooth loss and replacement. Sociology of Health & Illness 36, 462476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rozario, PA and Derienzis, D (2009) ‘So forget how old I am!’ Examining age identities in the face of chronic conditions. Sociology of Health & Illness 31, 540553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakespeare, W and Dusinberre, J (2006) As You Like It. London: Arden Shakespeare.Google Scholar
Shilling, C (2003) The Body and Social Theory, 2nd Edn. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Slack-Smith, L, Lange, A, Paley, G, O'Grady, M, French, D and Short, L (2009) Oral health and access to dental care: a qualitative investigation among older people in the community. Gerodontology 27, 104113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steele, JG and O'Sullivan, I (2011) Executive Summary: Adult Dental Health Survey 2009. Available at http://content.digital.nhs.uk/pubs/dentalsurveyfullreport09.Google Scholar
Stephens, C, Breheny, M and Mansvelt, J (2015) Healthy ageing from the perspective of older people: a capability approach to resilience. Psychology & Health 30, 715731.10.1080/08870446.2014.904862CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Travis, CB, Meginnis, KL and Bardari, KM (2000) Beauty, sexuality and identity: the social control of women. In Travis, CB and White, JW (eds), Sexuality, Society and Feminism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 237272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tunaley, JR, Walsh, S and Nicolson, P (1999) ‘I'm not bad for my age’: the meaning of body size and eating in the lives of older women. Ageing & Society 19, 741759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, BS (1991) Recent developments in the theory of the body. In Featherstone, M, Hepworth, M and Turner, BS (eds), The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory. London: Sage, 135.Google Scholar
Twigg, J (2004) The body, gender, and age: feminist insights in social gerontology. Journal of Aging Studies 18, 5973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twigg, J (2007) Clothing, age and the body: a critical review. Ageing & Society 27, 285305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twigg, J (2013) Fashion and Age: Dress, the Body and Later Life. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twigg, J (ed.) (2015) Routledge Handbook of Cultural Gerontology. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Victor, C (2010) Ageing, Health and Care. Bristol, UK: Policy Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, R and Holland, C (2011) ‘If I look old, I will be treated old’: hair and later-life image dilemmas. Ageing & Society 31, 288307.10.1017/S0144686X10000863CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, L (2018) Representing self – representing ageing. In Walker, A (ed.), The New Dynamics of Ageing, Vol. 2. Bristol, UK: Policy Press.Google Scholar
Warren, L and Richards, N (2012) ‘I don't see many images of myself coming back at myself’: representations of women and ageing. In Ylanne, V (ed.), Representing Ageing: Images and Identities. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 149168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wengraf, T (2001) Qualitative Research Interviewing: Biographic Narrative and Semi-structured Methods. London: Sage.10.4135/9781849209717CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westendorp, RGJ and Kirkwood, TBL (2007) The biology of ageing. In Bond, J, Peace, S, Dittman-Kohli, F and Westerhof, G (eds), Ageing in Society: European Perspectives on Gerontology. London: Sage, 1537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, D, Pitts, N, Steele, J, Sadler, K and Chadwick, B (2011) 2. Disease and Related Disorders – A Report from the Adult Dental Health Survey 2009. Available at http://content.digital.nhs.uk/pubs/dentalsurveyfullreport09.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2002) Active Ageing: A Policy Framework. Available at http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/67215/1/WHO_NMH_NPH_02.8.pdf.Google Scholar