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The Politics of Provisioning: Food and Gender at Fort San Juan De Joara, 1566–1568

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Robin A. Beck ,
Gayle J. Fritz ,
Heather A. Lapham ,
David G. Moore  and
Christopher B. Rodning
Robin A. Beck*
Affiliation:
Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Gayle J. Fritz
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis Campus Box 1114, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 (gjfritz@wustl.edu)
Heather A. Lapham
Affiliation:
Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Faner 3479, Mail Code 4527, 1000 Faner Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901 (hlapham@siu.edu)
David G. Moore
Affiliation:
Warren Wilson College, PO Box 9000, Asheville, NC 28815 (dmoore@warren-wilson.edu)
Christopher B. Rodning
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, 101 Dinwiddie Hall, 6823 Saint Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118 (crodning@tulane.edu)
*
(rabeck@umich.edu)
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Abstract

Beginning with Kathleen Deagan’s description of the St. Augustine Pattern, in which domestic relations between Spanish men and Native American women contributed to a pattern of mestizaje in Spanish colonies, gender has assumed a central role in archaeological perspectives on colonial encounters. This is especially true for those encounters that accompanied colonialism in the Americas during the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. Gender relations were essential to the creation of new cultural identities during this time, as indigenous communities encountered immigrant, European settler groups often comprised mostly or entirely of adult men. Yet as significant as gender is for understanding how an encounter unfolded in time and space, it can be a challenge to identify and evaluate the archaeological correlates of such relations through material culture patterns. In this article, we use the related domains of food and foodways, particularly in the social context of provisioning, to evaluate how gender relations changed during the occupation of Fort San Juan de Joara (1566–1568), located at the Berry site in western North Carolina. Our research contributes to reappraisals of the St. Augustine Pattern, which posits well-defined roles for Native American women and Spanish men, by likewise situating the agency of Native American men.

A partir de la descripción de Kathleen Deagan del Patrón San Agustín, en el que las relaciones domésticas entre hombres españoles y mujeres indígenas han contribuido a un patrón de mestizaje en las colonias Españolas, el género ha asumido un papel central en las perspectivas arqueológicas en encuentros coloniales. Esto es especialmente cierto para aquellos encuentros que acompañaron el colonialismo en América entre los siglos XVI al XIX. Las relaciones de género fueron esenciales para la creación de nuevas identidades culturales durante este período ya que las comunidades indígenas se encontraron con grupos de colonos europeos inmigrantes, a menudo compuestos en su mayoría o en su totalidad por hombres adultos. Sin embargo, aunque el género posee una gran importancia para la comprensión de cómo el encuentro se desarrolló en el tiempo y en el espacio, también puede convertirse en un desafίo para identificar y evaluar los correlatos arqueológicos de estas relaciones a través de patrones de cultura material. En este trabajo utilizamos los dominios relacionados de los alimentos y las costumbres alimenticias en particular en el contexto social de aprovisionamiento, para evaluar cómo las relaciones de género cambiaron durante la ocupación de la fortaleza de San Juan de Joara (1566–1568), que se encuentra en el sitio Berry en el oeste de Carolina del Norte. Nuestra investigación contribuye a reevaluar el Patrón San Agustín, que postula roles bien definidos para las mujeres indígenas americanas y los españoles, y del mismo modo situar la agencia de los hombres nativo americanos.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 81 , Issue 1 , January 2016 , pp. 3 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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