This paper completes the systematic treatment of the bamboos of Nepal and Bhutan, covering five genera from subtropical to lower temperate zones. Three further genera from the subtribe Arundinariinae Bentham are included: Drepanostachyum Keng f., Himalayacalamus Keng f., and Ampelocalamus Chen, Wen & Sheng. They have semelauctant ebracteate inflorescences, pachymorph rhizomes, and 3 stamens. Neomicrocalamus Keng f. has semelauctant bracteate inflorescences and 6 stamens, and is in the new subtribe described here, Racemobambosinae. Chimonobambusa Makino has bracteate inflorescences and 3 stamens and is the only Himalayan genus in the subtribe Shibataeinae (Nakai) Soderstrom & Ellis. A new Drepanostachyum species from Bhutan is described as D. annulatum. Himalayacalamus, which was originally described as a monotypic genus, is enlarged by the description of five new species, H. asper, H. brevinodus, H. cupreus, H. fimbriatus, and H. porcatus, all from Nepal. A Himalayan representative of the genus Ampelocalamus, A. patellaris, is transferred from Dendrocalamus. Neomicrocalamus andropogonifolius from eastern Bhutan is transferred from Bambusa.

Nineteen boletes (Basidiomycotina) are recorded from Zambia. They belong to the tylopiloid and xerocomoid elements. Three of these boletes are described as new: Tylopilus ochraceosquamosus Watling, T. perplexus Watling & Turnbull and T. zambianus Watling. Another four cannot be assigned to formally recognized taxa, and the provisional name Tylopilus conspicuocystidiata is adopted for one of them. Two new combinations are made: Tylopilus brunneirubens (Corner) Watling & Turnbull and T. nigropurpureus (Corner) Watling.

Qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the woody flora and soil analyses are provided for six areas of montane semideciduous forest in the upper Rio Grande region, southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Comparisons are made of the floristic composition of these six areas and 24 other forest areas of southeastern Brazil using ordination by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and hierarchical classifications, both agglomerative (upgma) and divisive (twinspan). The variation in community structure of five of the six forest areas was analysed using a two-way table yielded by twinspan. The floristic analyses indicated the strongest link between the forests of the upper Rio Grande region and other montane forest formations of southeastern Brazil as well as secondary links with the gallery forests that extend into the cerrado domain and the submontane semideciduous forests of the Rio Parana basin. Variations in community structure among the five forest areas were apparently associated mainly with riverside effects and soil fertility.

When, in 1989, I wrote an account of Santalaceae for Flora Zambesiaca (which account will not be published for several more years), I had no hesitation in including Colpoon Berg, in Osyris L., as A. De Candolle (1857) had originally done. The morphology of stem and leaf is identical: distinctive flattened twigs, branchlets ribbed by vascular strands running out into the midrib of the leaf, and both leaf surfaces closely and minutely white-dotted (these dots are probably the ‘abundant cluster and sphaerocrystals noted in the mesophyll of Osyris abyssinica’ by Metcalfe & Chalk (1950, p. 1197)).