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The accumulation of potentially-toxic metals by grazing ruminants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2007

J. M. Wilkinson ,
J. Hill  and
C. J. C. Phillips
J. M. Wilkinson*
Affiliation:
School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
J. Hill
Affiliation:
Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Writtle College, Writtle, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 3RR, UK
C. J. C. Phillips
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr J. M. Wilkinson Present address: Painshall, Church Lane, Welton, LincolnLN2 3LT, UK, fax +44 1673 863108, mike@chalcombe.co.uk
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Abstract

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The main factors affecting the accumulation of potentially-toxic metals (PTM) by grazing animals are the presence of the metal, its concentration in herbage and at the soil surface, and the duration of exposure to the contaminated pasture and soil. In addition, the elapsed time between the contamination of the pasture and grazing, the quantity of soil ingested together with herbage, the mechanism of absorption of the metal into blood and the presence or absence of antagonistic metals can interact to influence the rate and extent of accumulation of heavy metals in edible body tissues. Models of the accumulation of metals by grazing animals may be used to determine the statutory limits of radionuclides and PTM in soils under grazed pastures. Meta-analysis of existing data, using a random-effects model, is a useful approach to understanding the factors affecting the accumulation of some metals, e.g. Cd. The target edible body tissues for the accumulation of most PTM are the liver and kidneys, with the exception of radiocaesium, which accumulates in muscle to a greater extent than in other tissues. The livers and kidneys of mature livestock that have been grazed on areas of pasture at the legal limit of contamination by Cd for more than one grazing season should be removed from the human food chain in order to reduce the risk of intake of Cd by the human population.

Keywords

Potentially-toxic metalsGrazing livestockContaminated pasture and soilAccumulation in edible body tissues
Type
Symposium on ‘Nutrition of farm animals outdoors’
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 62 , Issue 2 , May 2003 , pp. 267 - 277
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

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