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Characterization of Leucetta prolifera, a calcarean cyanosponge from south-western Australia, and its symbionts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2015

Jane Fromont ,
Megan J. Huggett ,
Sabine K. Lengger ,
Kliti Grice  and
Christine H.L. Schönberg
Jane Fromont
Affiliation:
Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia
Megan J. Huggett
Affiliation:
Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia
Sabine K. Lengger
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, WA Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
Kliti Grice
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, WA Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
Christine H.L. Schönberg*
Affiliation:
Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia Australian Institute of Marine Science, Oceans Institute, 39 Fairway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
*
Correspondence should be addressed to:C.H.L. Schönberg, Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia email: christine.schonberg@uwa.edu.au
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Abstract

The biology and ecology of calcarean sponges are not as well understood as they are for demosponges. Here, in order to gain new insights, particularly about symbiotic relationships, the calcarean sponge Leucetta prolifera was sampled from south-western Australia and examined for its assumed photosymbionts. Pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry and extraction of photopigments established that the sponge was photosynthetic. Molecular analysis of the bacterial symbionts via sequencing of the V1–V3 region of the 16S rDNA gene confirmed that between 5 and 22% of all sequences belonged to the phylum Cyanobacteria, depending on the individual sample, with the most dominant strain aligning with Hormoscilla spongeliae, a widely distributed sponge symbiont. Analysis of fatty acids suggested that the sponge obtains nutrition through photosynthates from its symbionts. The relationship is assumed to be mutualistic, with the sponge receiving dietary support and the cyanobacteria sheltering in the sponge tissues. We list all Calcarea presently known to harbour photosymbionts.

Keywords

PoriferaCalcareaCyanobacteriaHormoscilla spongeliaephotosymbiosischlorophyll16S gene sequencingmembrane fatty acidsstable isotopesphotosynthate translocation
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 96 , Issue 2: Proceedings of the 9th World Sponge Conference held in Fremantle Australia in 2013: New Frontiers in Sponge Science , March 2016 , pp. 541 - 552
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2015 

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