Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T10:27:22.765Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evidence from 40Ar/39Ar Ages of Individual Hornblende Grains for Varying Laurentide Sources of Iceberg Discharges 22,000 to 10,500 yr B.P.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Sidney R. Hemming ,
Gerard C. Bond ,
Wallace S. Broecker ,
Warren D. Sharp  and
Mieczyslawa Klas-Mendelson
Sidney R. Hemming
Affiliation:
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Route 9W, Palisades, New York, 10964
Gerard C. Bond
Affiliation:
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Route 9W, Palisades, New York, 10964
Wallace S. Broecker
Affiliation:
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Route 9W, Palisades, New York, 10964
Warren D. Sharp
Affiliation:
Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, California, 94709
Mieczyslawa Klas-Mendelson
Affiliation:
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Route 9W, Palisades, New York, 10964
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The abundance and lithic content of ice rafted detritus in glacial North Atlantic sediment cores vary abruptly on millennial time scales that have been correlated to Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles in the Greenland ice cores. There is growing evidence that various ice sheet outlets contributed increased iceberg fluxes at multiple discrete intervals, and the relative timing of iceberg discharges from different sources is important for understanding interactions between oceans and ice sheets. We present a provenance study based on 40Ar/39Ar dates of individual hornblende grains from 20 samples taken at 600 to 700 yr spacing between 10,500 and 22,000 yr B.P., from Orphan Knoll core EW9303-GGC31. Heinrich layers are characterized by a dominant Paleoproterozoic hornblende provenance consistent with published studies. A change in provenance between Heinrich events H2 and H1 indicates contributions of iceberg calving from the Newfoundland and southern Labrador margins. Between H1 and the Younger Dryas interval, Paleoproterozoic ice rafted grains remained dominant. The dominance of Baffin Island (or Greenland?) sources to the ice rafted detritus is ascribed to the retreat of the southern Laurentide ice sheet at about the time of H1—a retreat that isolated Newfoundland and southern Labrador ice from the shelf-slope boundary.

Keywords

ice rafted detritusLaurentide ice sheetHeinrich layersprovenance40Ar/39Ar
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 54 , Issue 3 , November 2000 , pp. 372 - 383
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aksu, A.E., Hiscott, R.N. (1992). Shingled Quaternary debris flow lenses on the north-east Newfoundland Slope. Sedimentology, 39, 193–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, J.T. (1998). Abrupt changes (Heinrich events) in late Quaternary North Atlantic marine environments: A history and review of data and concepts. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 3–16.Google Scholar
Andrews, J.T., Tedesco, K. (1992). Detrital carbonate-rich sediments, northwestern Labrador Sea: Implications for ice-sheet dynamics and iceberg rafting (Heinrich) events in the North Atlantic. Geology, 20, 1087–1090.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, J.T., Jennings, A.E., Kerwin, M., Kirby, M., Manley, W., Miller, G.H., Bond, G., McLean, B. (1995). A Heinrich-like event, H-0 (DC-0): Source(s) for detrital carbonate in the North Atlantic during the Younger Dryas chronozone. Paleoceanography, 10, 943–952.Google Scholar
Andrews, J.T., Cooper, T.A., Jennings, A.E., Stein, A.B., Erlenkeuser, H. (1998). Late Quaternary iceberg-rafted detritus events on the Denmark Strait–Southeast Greenland continental slope (∼65°N): Related to North Atlantic Heinrich events?. Marine Geology, 149, 211–228.Google Scholar
Andrews, J.T., Keigwin, L., Hall, F., Jennings, A.E. (1999). Abrupt deglaciation events and Holocene palaeoceanography from high-resolution cores, Cartwright Saddle, Labrador shelf, Canada. Journal of Quaternary Science, 14, 383–397.3.0.CO;2-J>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, D.C., Andrews, J.T., Farmer, G.L., Jennings, A.E., Kaplan, A.E. (1998). Constraints on the Laurentide ice stream dynamics from sediment provenance studies in Hudson Strait and the Labrador Sea. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs V30p. A-51Google Scholar
Bond, G., Lotti, R. (1995). Iceberg discharges into the North Atlantic on millennial time scales during the last glaciation. Science, 267, 1005–1010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bond, G., Heinrich, H., Broecker, W., Labeyrie, L., McManus, J., Andrews, J., Huon, S., Jantschik, R., Clasen, S., Simet, C., Tedesco, K., Klas, M., Bonani, G., Ivy, S. (1992). Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic ocean during the last glacial period. Nature, 360, 245–249.Google Scholar
Bond, G.C., Broecker, W.S., Johnsen, S., McManus, J.F., Labeyrie, L., Jouzel, J., Bonani, G. (1993). Correlation between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice. Nature, 365, 143–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, G.C., Showers, W., Elliot, M., Evans, M., Lotti, R., Hajdas, I., Bonani, G., Johnson, S.. The North Atlantic's 1-2 kyr climate rhythm: Relation to Heinrich Events, Dansgaard/Oeschger cycles and the little ice age. Clark, P.U., Webb, R.S., Keigwin, L.D. (1999). Mechanisms of Millennial-Scale Global Climate Change. 35–58.Google Scholar
Broecker, W.S. (1994). Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change. Nature, 372, 421–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broecker, W.S., Bond, G.C., M., K., Clark, E., McManus, J.F. (1992). Origin of the northern Atlantic's Heinrich events. Climate Dynamics, 6, 265–273.Google Scholar
Broecker, W., Bond, G., McManus, J.. Heinrich events: Triggers of ocean circulation change?. Peltier, W.R. (1993). Ice in the Climate System. Springer-Verlag, Berlin., 161–166.Google Scholar
Cebula, G. T., Kunk, M. J., Mehnert, H. H., Naeser, C. W., Obradovich, J. D., Sutter, J. F. (1986). The Fish Canyon Tuff, a potential standard for the 40Ar–39Ar and fission track dating methods. In, 6th International Conference on Geochronology, Cosmochronology and Isotope Geology, Terra CognitaVol, 6, p, 139, European Union of Geosciences, Strasbourg.Google Scholar
Clark, T.H., Stearn, C.W. (1968). Geological Evolution of North America. Ronald Press, New York.Google Scholar
Cortijo, E., Labeyrie, L., Vidal, L., Vautravers, M., Chapman, M., Duplessy, J.-C., Elliot, M., Arnold, M., Turon, J.-L., Auffret, G. (1997). Changes in sea surface hydrology associated with Heinrich event 4 in the North Atlantic Ocean between 40° and 60°N. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 146, 29–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalrymple, R.W., LeGresley, E.M., Fader, G.B.J., Petrie, B.D. (1992). The western Grand Banks of Newfoundland: Transgressive Holocene sedimentation under the combined influence of waves and currents. Marine Geology, 105, 95–118.Google Scholar
Dowdeswell, J.A., Maslin, M.A., Andrews, J.T., McCave, I.N. (1995). Iceberg production, debris rafting, and the extent and thickness of Heinrich layers (h-1, H-2) in North Atlantic sediments. Geology, 23, 301–304.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyke, A. S., Prest, V. K. (1987). Late Wisconsinan and Holocene Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Geological Survey of Canada.Google Scholar
Dyke, A.S. (1987). A reinterpretation of glacial and marine limits around the northwestern Laruentide ice sheet. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24, 591–601.Google Scholar
Elliot, M., Labeyrie, L., Bond, G., Cortijo, E., Turon, J.-L., Tisnerat, N., Duplessy, J.-C. (1998). Millennial-scale iceberg discharges in the Irminger Basin during the last glacial period: Ralationship with the Heinrich events and environmental settings. Paleoceanography, 13, 433–446.Google Scholar
Emslie, R.F., Hamilton, M.A., Theriault, R.J. (1994). Petrogenesis of a Midproterozoic anorthorsite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) comples-isotopic and chemical evidence form the Nain Plutonic Suite. Journal of Geology, 5, 539–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escher, J. C., T. C. R., Pulvertaft (1995). Geological Map of Greenland. Geological Survey of Greenland,Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Fader, G.B., Miller, R.O. (1986). Regional geological constraints to resource development-Grand Banks of Newfoundland. 3rd Canadian Marine Geotechnical Conference St. John's, Newfoundland.p. 3–40Google Scholar
Fulton, R.J.. Quaternary geology of the Canadian Shield; Chapter 3. Fulton, R.J. (1989). Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland. Geological Survey of CanadaGeological Society of America, 177–317.Google Scholar
Funder, S.. Quaternary geology of the ice-free areas and adjacent shelves of Greenland; Chapter 13. Fulton, R.J. (1989). Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland. Geological Survey of CanadaGeological Society of America, 743–792.Google Scholar
Grousset, F.R., Labeyrie, L., Sinka, J.A., Cremer, M., Bond, G., Duprat, J., Cortijo, E., Huon, S. (1993). Patterns of ice-rafted detritus in the glacial North Atlantic (40–55°N). Paleoceanography, 8, 175–192.Google Scholar
Gwiazda, R.H., Hemming, S.R., Broecker, W.S.. Tracking the sources of icebergs with lead isotopes: The provenance of ice-rafted debris in Heinrich layer 2. Paleoceanography, 11, (1996). 77–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gwiazda, R.H., Hemming, S.R., Broecker, W.S., Onsttot, T., Mueller, C. (1996). Evidence from 40Ar/39Ar ages for a Churchill Province source of ice-rafted amphiboles in Heinrich layer 2. Journal of Glaciology, 42, 440–446.Google Scholar
Heinrich, H. (1988). Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years. Quaternary Research, 29, 142–152.Google Scholar
Hemming, S.R., Broecker, W.S., Sharp, W.D., Bond, G.C., Gwiazda, R.H., McManus, J.F., Klas, M., Hajdas, I. (1998). Provenance of the Heinrich layers in core V28-82, northeastern Atlantic: 40Ar–39Ar ages of ice-rafted hornblende, Pb isotopes in feldspar grains, and Nd–Sr–Pb isotopes in the fine sediment fraction. Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters, 164, 317–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hesse, R., Khodabakhsh, S., Klaucke, I., Ryan, W.B.F. (1997). Asymmetrical turbid surface-plume deposition near ice-outlets of the Pleistocene Laurentide ice sheet in the Labrador Sea. Geo-Marine Letters, 17, 179–187.Google Scholar
Hesse, R., Klauck, I., Khodabaksh, S., Piper, D. (1999). Continental slope sedimentation adjacent to an ice margin III. The upper Labrador slope. Marine Geology, 155, 249–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgson, D.A., Vincent, J.-S. (1984). A 10,000 yr B.P. extensive ice shelf over Viscount Melville Sound, Arctic Canada. Quaternary Research, 22, 18–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, P.F.. Precambrian geology and tectonic history of North America. Bally, A.W., Palmer, A.R. (1989). The Geology of North America—An Overview. Geological Society of America, Boulder., 447–512.Google Scholar
Jacobs, C.L. (1990). Deep-sea sedimentary processes off Newfoundland: An overview. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 27, 426–441.Google Scholar
Josenhans, H., Lehman, S. (1999). Late glacial stratigraphy and history of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 36, 1327–1345.Google Scholar
Keigwin, L.D., Lehman, S.J. (1994). Deep circulation change linked to Heinrich event 1 and Younger Dryas in a mid depth North Atlantic core. Paleoceanography, 9, 185–194.Google Scholar
Maslin, M.A., Shackleton, N.J., Pflaumann, U. (1995). Surface water temperature, salinity and density changes in the NE Atlantic during the last 45,000 years: Heinrich events, deep water formation and climatic rebounds. Paleoceanography, 10, 527–544.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, K. (1997). Modeled glacial North Atlantic ice-rafted debris pattern and its sensitivity to various boundary conditions. Paleoceanography, 12, 271–280.Google Scholar
McManus, J.F., Anderson, R.F., Broecker, W.S., Fleisher, M.Q., Higgins, S.M. (1998). Radiometrically determined sedimentary fluxes in the sub-polar North Atlantic during the last 140,000 years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 155, 29–43.Google Scholar
Pfeffer, W.T., Dyurgerov, M., Kaplan, M., Dwyer, J., Sassolas, C., Jennings, A., Raup, B., Manley, W. (1997). Numerical modeling of late glacial Laurentide advance of ice across Hudson Strait: Insights into terrestrial and marine geology, mass balance, and calving flux. Paleoceanography, 12, 97–110.Google Scholar
Piper, D.J.W. (1991). Seabed geology of the Canadian eastern continental shelf. Continental Shelf Research, 11, 1013–1035.Google Scholar
Reeh, N.. Dynamic and climatic history of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Fulton, R.J. (1989). Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland. Geological Survey of CanadaGeological Society of America, 795–822.Google Scholar
Renne, P.R. (1995). Excess 40Ar in biotite and hornblende from the Norils'k 1 intrusion: Implications for the age of the Siberian Traps. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 131, 165–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, S.G., Maslin, M.A., McCave, N. (1995). Magnetic susceptibility variations in upper Pleistocene deep-sea sediments of the NE Atlantic: Implications for ice rafting and palaeocirculation at the last glacial maximum. Paleoceanography, 10, 221–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruddiman, W.F. (1977). Late Quaternary deposition of ice-rafted sand in the subpolar North Atlantic (lat 40° to 65°N). Geological Society of America Bulletin, 88, 1813–1827.Google Scholar
Samson, S.D., Alexander, E.C. Jr. (1987). Calibration of the interlaboratory 40Ar–39Ar dating standard, MMhb-1. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section), 66, 27–34.Google Scholar
Stea, R.R., Mott, R.J. (1998). Deglaciation of Nova Scotia: Stratigraphy and chronology of lake sediment cores and buried organic sections. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 52, 1–19.Google Scholar
Stea, R.R., Piper, D.J.W., Fader, G.B.J., Boyd, R. (1998). Wisconsinan glacial and sea-level history of Maritime Canada and the adjacent continental shelf: A correlation of land and sea events. Geological Society of American Bulletin, 110, 821–845.Google Scholar
Vidal, L., Labeyrie, L., Cortijo, E., Arnold, M., Duplessy, J.C., Michel, E., Becqué, S., van Weering, T.C.E. (1997). Evidence for changes in the North Atlantic Deep Water linked to meltwater surges during the Heinrich events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 146, 13–27.Google Scholar
Wang, D., Hesse, R. (1996). Continental slope sedimentation adjacent to an ice-margin. II. Glaciomarine depositional facies on Labrador Slope and glacial cycles. Marine Geology, 135, 65–96.Google Scholar