Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-9pm4c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T15:31:49.329Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

First Mesozoic Thylacocephalans (Arthropoda, ?Crustacea; Cretaceous) in the Western Hemisphere: New Discoveries from the Muhi Quarry Lagerstätte

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2015

Thomas A. Hegna ,
Francisco J. Vega  and
Katia A. González-Rodríguez
Thomas A. Hegna
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL, 61455,
Francisco J. Vega
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico DF 04510, Mexico,
Katia A. González-Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias Básica e Ingeniería. Museo de Paleontología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad del Conocimiento s/n, C. P. 42184, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The first Mesozoic thylacocephalans from the western hemisphere are documented from the Muhi Quarry plattenkalk in the La Negra facies of the El Doctor Formation (Albian–Cenomanian), Zimapán Area, northwestern Hidalgo, central Mexico. They all are found in a single horizon at the base of the type section. These specimens represent two new genera and species, and a third undetermined species which likely also represents a new genus and species. Victoriacaris muhiensis is a shorted-bodied thylacocephalan with concave anterior and posterior notches as well as a beveled anterior spine. Polzia eldoctorensis is trapezoidal in outline with a rounded posteroventral corner. The third undetermined species is known only from one broken specimen, but has distinctive marginal spines that are not possessed by any other post-Cambrian thylacocephalan. The occurrence of such a diverse fauna of thylacocephalans markedly increases the diversity and geographic range of Cretaceous thylacocephalans, but does not offer any insights into the tempo of thylacocephalan extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 88 , Issue 3 , May 2014 , pp. 606 - 616
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alvarado-Ortega, J. and Than-Marchese, B. A. 2012. A Cenomanian aipichthyoid fish (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha) from America, Zoqueichthys carolinae gen. and sp. nov. from El Chango quarry (Cintalapa Member, Sierra Madre Formation), Chiapas, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 29:735–748.Google Scholar
Alvarado-Ortega, J. and Than-Marchese, B. A. 2013. The first record of a North American Cenomanian Trachichthyidae fish (Acanthomorpha, Acanthopterygii), Pepemkay maya, gen. et sp. nov., from El Chango Quarry (Sierra Madre Formation), Chiapas, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 33:48–57.Google Scholar
Alvarado-Ortega, J., Espinosa-Arrubarrena, L., Blanco, A., Vega, F. J., Benami, M., and Briggs, D. E. G. 2007. Exceptional preservation of soft tissues in Cretaceous fishes from the Tlayua Quarry, central Mexico. Palaios, 22:682–685.Google Scholar
Applegate, S. P. 1987. A preliminary study of the Tlayúa Quarry near Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Paleontología, 1:40–45.Google Scholar
Applegate, S. P., Espinosa-Arrubarrena, L., Alvarado-Ortega, J., and Mouloud, B. 2006. Revision of Recent Investigations in the Tlayúa Quarry, p. 265–291. In Vega, F., Nyborg, T. G., Perrilliat, M. C., Montellano-Ballesteros, M., Cevallos-Ferriz, S. R. S., and Quiroz-Barroso, S. (eds.), Studies on Mexican Paleontology. Topics in Geobiology, 24. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Springer.Google Scholar
Arduini, P. 1988. Microcaris and Atropicaris, two genera of the class Thylacocephala. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 129:159–163.Google Scholar
Arduini, P. 1990. Studies on Permo-Trias of Madagascar-n. 1. Thylacocephala from lower Trias of Madagascar. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 131:197–204.Google Scholar
Arduini, P. 1991. Clausocaris pinnai n. sp., (Order Clausocarida nov.), thylacocephalan crustacean from the Norian of the Preone Valley (Udine, N. Italy) and morphological considerations on Thylacocephala. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 132:265–272.Google Scholar
Arduini, P. and Brasca, A. 1984. Atropicaris: Nuovo genere della classe Thylacocephala. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 125:87–93.Google Scholar
Arduini, P., Pinna, G., and Teruzzi, G. 1980. A new and unusual Lower Jurassic cirrriped from Osteno in Lombardy: Ostenia cypriformis n.g. n.sp. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 121:360–370.Google Scholar
Arduini, P., Pinna, G., and Teruzzi, G. 1984. Ostenocaris nom. nov. pro Ostenia Arduini, Pinna and Teruzzi, 1980. Atti Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 125:48.Google Scholar
Audo, D. and Charbonnier, S. 2011. The crest-bearing shrimps from the Sahel Alma Lagerstatte (Late Cretaceous, Lebanon). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 58:335–349.Google Scholar
Audo, D., Charbonnier, S., Schweigert, G., and Saint Martin, J.-P. In press. New Eryonid crustaceas from the Late Jurassic Lagerstätten of Cerin (France), Canjuers (France), Wattendorf (Germany) and Zandt (Germany). Journal of Systematic Paleontology.Google Scholar
Bishop, G. A. 1981. Occurrence and fossilization of the Dakoticancer assemblage, Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale, South Dakota, p. 383–413. In Gray, J., Boucot, A. J., and Berry, W. B. N. (eds.), Communities of the Past. Stroudsburg, PA, Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Bishop, G. A. 1985. Fossil decapod crustaceans from the Gammon Ferruginous Member, Pierre Shale (early Campanian), Black Hills, South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology, 59:605–624.Google Scholar
Bravo-Cuevas, V. M., González-Rodríguez, K. A., Baños-Rodríguez, R., and Hernández-Guerrero, C. 2012. The Muhi Quarry: a fossil-Lagerstätte from the Mid-Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) of Hidalgo, Central México, p. 107–122. In Elitok, Ö., (ed.), Stratigraphic Analysis of Layered Deposits. Rijeka, Croatia, In Tech.Google Scholar
Bravo-Cuevas, V. M., González-Rodríguez, K. A., Esquivel-Macías, C., and Fielitz, C. 2009. Advances on Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Muhi Quarry from the Mid-Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) of Hidalgo, Central Mexico. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 61:155–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, D. E. G. and Rolfe, W. D. I. 1983. New Concavicarida (new order: ?Crustacea) from the Upper Devonian of Gogo, Western Australia, and the palaeoecology and affinities of the group. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 30:249–276.Google Scholar
Brünnich, M. T. 1772. Zoologiæ fundamenta prælectionibus academicis accomodata. Grunde i Dyrelaeren. Fridericus Christianus Pelt, Copenhagen and Leipzig, 254 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charbonnier, S. 2009. Le Lagerstätte de la Voulte: un Environment Bathyal au Jurassique. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 199:1–272.Google Scholar
Charbonnier, S., Vannier, J., Hantzpergue, P., and Gaillard, C. 2010. Ecological significance of the arthropod fauna from the Jurassic (Callovian) La Voulte Lagerstätte. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 55:111–132.Google Scholar
Chong, G. and Förster, R. 1976. Chilenophoberus atacamensis, a new decapod crustacean from the middle Oxfordian of the Cordillera de Domeyko, northern Chile. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 1976:145–156.Google Scholar
Dames, W. 1886. Ueber einige crustaceen aus den kreideablagerungen des libanon. Zeitschrift der Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft, 38:551–575.Google Scholar
Feldmann, R. M., Vega, F. J., Martínez-López, L., González-Rodríguez, K., González-León, O., and Fernández-Barajas, M. R. 2007. Crustacea from the Muhi quarry (Albian–Cenomanian), and a review of Aptian Mecochiridae (Astacidea) from México. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 76:145–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldmann, R. M., Vega, F. J., Applegate, S. P., and Bishop, G. A. 1998. Early Cretaceous arthropods from the Tlayúa Formation at Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, Mexico. Journal of Paleontology, 72:79–90.Google Scholar
Fielitz, C. and González-Rodríguez, K. A. 2008. A new species of Ichthyotringa from the El Doctor Formation (Cretaceous), Hidalgo, Mexico, p. 373–388. In Arratia, G., Schultze, H.-P. and Wilson, M. V. H. (eds.), Mesozoic Fishes 4—Homology and Phylogeny. München, Pfeil.Google Scholar
Fielitz, C. and González-Rodríguez, K. A. 2010. A new species of Enchodus (Aulopiformes: Enchodontidae) from the Cretaceous (Albian to Cenomanian) of Zimapán, Hidalgo, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30:1,343–1,351.Google Scholar
Forchielli, A. and Pervesler, P. 2013. Phosphatic cuticle in thylacocephalans: a taphonomic case study of Austriocaris (Arthropoda, Thylacocephala) from the fossil-Lagerstätte Polzberg (Reingraben Shales, Carnian, Upper Triassic, Lower Austria). Austrian Journal of Earth Science, 106:46–61.Google Scholar
Forey, P. I., Yi, L., Patterson, C., and Davies, C. E. 2003. Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 1:227–330.Google Scholar
Garassino, A. 1994. The macruran decapod crustaceans of the Upper Cretaceous of Lebanon. Paleontologia Lombarda (N.S.), 3:1–27.Google Scholar
Garassino, A., De Angeli, A., and Pasini, G. 2008. New decapod assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) of Gara Sbaa, southeastern Morocco. Atti della Società italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo civico di Storia naturale in Milano, 149:37–67.Google Scholar
Garassino, A., Vega, F. J., Calvillo-Canadell, L., Cevallos-Ferriz, S. R. S., and Coutiño, M. A. 2013. New decapod crustacean assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Chiapas, Mexico. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 268:261–270.Google Scholar
Glaessner, M. F. 1931. Eine crustaceenfauna aus den lunzer schichten Niederösterreichs. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 81:467–486.Google Scholar
González-Rodríguez, K. A. and Bravo-Cuevas, V. M. 2005. Potencial fosilífero de la Cantera Muhi (Formación El Doctor: Albiano–Cenomaniano) de la región de Zimapán, Estado de Hidalgo. Paleos Antiguo, 1:27–42.Google Scholar
González-Rodríguez, K. A. and Fielitz, C. 2008. A new species of acanthomorph fish from the Upper Cretaceous Muhi Quarry, Hidalgo, Central Mexico, p. 399–411. In Arratia, G., Schultze, H.-P. and Wilson, M. V. H. (eds.), Mesozoic Fishes 4—Homology and Phylogeny. München, Pfeil.Google Scholar
González-Rodríguez, K. A. and Fielitz, C. 2009. Los peces fósiles, p. 65–77. In González-Rodríguez, K. A., Cuevas-Cardona, C., and Castillo-Cerón, J. M. (eds.), Los fósiles del estado de Hidalgo. Pachuca, México, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo.Google Scholar
González-Rodríguez, K. A., Schultze, H.-P., and Arratia, G. 2013. Miniature armored acanthomorph teleosts from the Albian/Cenomanian (Cretaceous) of Mexico, p. 457–487. In Arratia, G., Schultze, H.-P., and Wilson, M. V. H. (eds.), Mesozoic Fishes 5—Global Diversity and Evolution. München, Pfeil.Google Scholar
Guinot, D., De Angeli, A., and Garassino, A. 2008. Marocarcinidae, a new eubrachyuran family, and Marocarcinus pasinii n. gen., n. sp. from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) of Gara Sbaa, southeastern Morocco (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Atti della Società italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo civico di Storia naturale in Milano, 149:25–36.Google Scholar
Gürich, G. 1929. Silesicaris von leipe und die phyllokariden überhaupt. Mitteillungen aus dem Mineralogisch-geologischen Staatsinstitut, 11:21–90.Google Scholar
Hegna, T. A., Legg, D. A., Møller, O. S., and van Roy, P. 2013. The correct authorship of Arthropoda. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogenetics, 71:71–74.Google Scholar
Hu, S., Zhang, Q., Chen, Z., Zhou, C., Lü, T., Wen, W., Huang, J., and Benton, M. 2011. The Luoping biota: exceptional preservation, and new evidence on the Triassic recovery from end-Permian mass extinction. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 278:2,274–2,282.Google Scholar
Ifrim, C. and Stinnesbeck, W. 2007. Early Turonian ammonites from Vallecillo, north-eastern Mexico: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeographic significance. Cretaceous Research, 28:642–664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ifrim, C. and Stinnesbeck, W. 2008. Cenomanian–Turonian high resolution biostratigraphy of north-eastern Mexico and its correlation with the GSSP and Europe. Cretaceous Research, 29:943–956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ifrim, C., Stinnesbeck, W., and Frey, E. 2007. Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian and Turonian–Coniacian) open marine plattenkalk deposits in NE Mexico. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 245:71–81.Google Scholar
Ifrim, C., Vega, F. J., and Stinnesbeck, W. 2011. Epizoic stramentid cirripedes on ammonites from Late Cretaceous platy limestones in Mexico. Journal of Paleontology, 85:526–538 Google Scholar
Ifrim, C., Frey, E., Stinnesbeck, W., Buchy, M.-C., González-González, A. H., and López-Oliva, J. G. 2005. Fish assemblage in lower Turonian carbonates at Vallecillo, N. L., Mexico. Paleos Antiguo, 1:43–51.Google Scholar
Kashiyama, Y., Fastovsky, D. E., Rutherford, S., King, J., and Montellaro, M. 2004. Genesis of a locality of exceptional fossil preservation: palaeonvironments of Tepexi de Rodríguez (mid-Cretaceous, Puebla, Mexico). Cretaceous Research, 25:153–177.Google Scholar
Lange, S., Hof, C. H. J., Schram, F. R., and Steeman, F. A. 2001. New genus and species from the Cretaceous of Lebanon links the Thylacocephala to the Crustacea. Palaeontology, 44:905–912.Google Scholar
Legg, D. A. and Caron, J.-B. In press. New middle Cambrian bivalved arthropods from the Burgess Shale (British Columbia, Canada). Palaeontology.Google Scholar
Maisey, J. G. 1991. Santana Fossils: An Illustrated Atlas. T.F.N. Publications, Inc., Neptune, NJ, 459 p.Google Scholar
Martill, D. M. 1993. Fossils of the Santana and Crato Formations, Brazil (Field Guide to Fossils, no. 5). The Palaeontological Association, London, 158 p.Google Scholar
Martill, D. M., Bechly, G., and Loverridge, R. F. 2007. The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window into an Ancient World. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 674 p.Google Scholar
Martill, D. M., Ibrahim, N., Brito, P. M., Baider, L., Zhouri, S., Loveridge, R., Naish, D., and Hing, R. 2011. A new Plattenkalk Konservat Lagerstätte in the Upper Cretaceous of Gara Sbaa, south-eastern Morocco. Cretaceous Research, 32:433–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikulic, D. G., Briggs, D. E. G., and Kluessendorf, J. 1985 a. A new exceptionally preserved biota from the lower Silurian of Wisconsin, U.S.A. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. Biological Sciences, 311:75–85.Google Scholar
Mikulic, D. G., Briggs, D. E. G., and Kluessendorf, J. 1985 b. A Silurian soft-bodied biota. Science, 228:715–717.Google Scholar
Miller, H. W. 1968. Invertebrate fauna and environment of deposition of the Niobrara Formation (Cretaceous) of Kansas. Fort Hays Studies, New Series, Science Series, 8:1–90.Google Scholar
Pantoja-Alor, J. 1992. Geología y paleoambiente de la cantera Tlayúa, Tepexi de Rodríguez, Estado de Puebla. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Revista, 2:112–131.Google Scholar
Pinna, G. 1974. I Crostacei della fauna Triassica di Cene in Val Seriana (Bergamo). Atti Società italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano, 21:7–33.Google Scholar
Pinna, G., Arduini, P., Pesarini, C., and Teruzzi, G. 1982. Thylacocephala: una nuova classe di crostacei fossili [Thylacocephala: a new class of fossil crustaceans]. Atti della Società italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano, 123:469–482.Google Scholar
Pinna, G., Arduini, P., Pesarini, C., and Teruzzi, G. 1985. Some controversial aspects of the morphology and anatomy of Ostenocaris cypriformis (Crustacea, Thylacocephala). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 76:373–379.Google Scholar
Polz, H. 1989. Clausocaris nom. nov. pro Clausia Oppenheim 1888. Archaeopteryx, 7:73.Google Scholar
Polz, H. 1994. Mayrocaris bucculata gen. nov. sp. nov. (Thylacocephala, Conchyliocarida) aus den Solnhofener Plattenkalken. Archaeopteryx, 12:35–44.Google Scholar
Rolfe, W. D. I. 1961. Concavicaris and Quasicaris, substitute names for Colpocaris Meek, 1872, and Pterocaris Barrande, 1872. Journal of Paleontology, 35:1,243.Google Scholar
Rolfe, W. D. I. 1962. Two new arthropod carapaces from the Burgess Shale (middle Cambrian) of Canada. Breviora, 160:1–9.Google Scholar
Rolfe, W. D. I. 1969. Phyllocarida, p. R296–R331. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. R, Arthropoda. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, KS.Google Scholar
Rolfe, W. D. I. 1985. Form and function in Thylacocephala, Conchyliocarida. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 76:391–399.Google Scholar
Schram, F. R. 1990. On Mazon Creek Thylacocephala. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 3:1–16.Google Scholar
Schram, F. R., Hof, C. H. J., and Steeman, F. A. 1999. Thylacocephala (Arthropoda: Crustacea?) from the Cretaceous of Lebanon and implications for thylacocephalan systematics. Palaeontology, 42:769–797.Google Scholar
Schultze, H.-P. 1989. Three-dimensional muscle preservation in Jurassic fishes of Chile. Revista Geológica de Chile, 16:183–215.Google Scholar
Secrétan, S. 1983. Une nouvelle classe fossile dans la super-classe des Crustacés: Conchyliocarida. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 296:741–743.Google Scholar
Secrétan, S. 1985. Conchyliocarida, a class of fossil crustaceans: relationships to Malacostraca and postulated behaviour. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 76:381–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shen, Y.-B. 1983. A new genus Yangzicaris (Phyllocarids) in the Middle Triassic of China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 22:346–354.Google Scholar
Signor, P. W. and Lipps, J. H. 1982. Sampling bias, gradual extinction patterns and catastrophes in the fossil record. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 190:291–296.Google Scholar
Stinnesbeck, W., Ifrim, C., Schmidt, H., Rindfleisch, A., Buchy, M. C., Frey, E., González-González, A. H., Vega, F. J., Cavin, L., Keller, G., and Smith, K. T. 2005. A new lithographic limestone deposit in the Upper Cretaceous Austin Group at El Rosario, county of Múzquiz, Coahuila, northeastern Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 22:401–418.Google Scholar
Suarez, M. B., González, L. A., Ludvigson, G. A., Vega, F. J., and Alvarado-Ortega, J. 2009. Isotopic composition of tropical paleo-precipitation during the Albian: early meteoric diagenesis at the Tlayúa fossil locality, Puebla, Mexico. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 121:331–389.Google Scholar
Tintori, A., Bigi, E., Crugnola, G., and Danini, G. 1986. A new Jurassic Thylacocephala Rugocaris indunensis gen. n. sp. n. and its paleoecological significance. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 92:239–250.Google Scholar
Vannier, J., Chen, J.-Y., Huang, D.-Y., Charbonnier, S., and Wang, X.-Q. 2006. The early Cambrian origin of thylacocephalan arthropods. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 51:201–214.Google Scholar
Van Straelen, V. 1923. Les Mysidacés du Callovien de La Voulte-sur-Rhône (Ardèche). Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 23:431–439.Google Scholar
Vega, F. J., Álvarez, F., and Carbot-Chanona, G. 2007 a. Albian penaeoidea (Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata) from Chiapas, Southern Mexico. The 3rd Symposium on Mesozoic and Cenozoic Decapoda Crustaceans, Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano. Memorie della Societá Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 35:6–8.Google Scholar
Vega, F. J., García-Barrera, P., Coutiño, M. A., Nyborg, T. G., Cifuentes-Ruiz, P., González-Rodríguez, K. A., Martens, A., Delgado, C. R., and Carbot, G. 2003. Early Cretaceous arthropods from plattenkalk facies in Mexico. Contributions to Zoology, 72:187–189.Google Scholar
Vega, F. J., Bruce, N. L., Serrano, M. L., and Perrilliat, M. C. 2005. A review of the Lower Cretaceous (Tlayúa Formation: Albian) Crustacea from Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, Central México. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, 32:25–30.Google Scholar
Vega, F. J., García-Barrera, P., Perrilliat, M. C., Coutiño, M. A., and Mariño-Pérez, R. 2006. El Espinal, a new plattenkalk facies locality from the Lower Cretaceous Sierra Madre Formation, Chiapas, southeastern Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 23:323–333.Google Scholar
Vega, F. J., Nyborg, T., Rojas-Briceño, A., Patarroyo, P., Luque, J., Porras-Múzquiz, H., and Stinnesbeck, W. 2007 b. Upper Cretaceous Crustacea from Mexico and Columbia: similar faunas and environments during Turonian times. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 24:403–422.Google Scholar
von Siebold, C. T. 1848. Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbellosen Thiere. Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie Erster Theil, p. 1–679.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1890. The fauna of the lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone. Reports of the U.S. Geological Survey, 10:509–763.Google Scholar