Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-2lccl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T02:18:38.798Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The role of temporality and interaction in the Turkey-EU relationship

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2015

Atila Eralp*
Affiliation:
Director and Jean Monnet Professor on Politics of European Integration, Center for European Studies, Middle East Technical University, eralp@ces.metu.edu.tr

Abstract

This paper introduces the two factors of temporality and interaction, which are not well-researched within the Turkey-EU relationship. I suggest that these two factors are important for understanding the process of Europeanization in Turkey and explaining the ups and downs in the long-lasting relationship. After briefly examining the two historical periods of the Turkey-EU relationship — that is, from 1959 to 1970 and from 1970 to 1999 — the paper mainly focuses on the more recent period following the Helsinki Summit of 1999 and shows how the factors of temporality and interaction operated differently between 1999 and 2004, and after 2004, turning from positive to negative. Having presented the historical evidence, the paper concludes by emphasizing the close interaction between the factors of temporality, interaction and the process of Europeanization in the Turkish context and suggesting that the analysis of these two factors opens up new possibilities for comparative research on other accession and candidate countries.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © New Perspectives on Turkey 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allison, Graham T., and Nikolaydis, Kalipso, eds. Yunan Paradoksu, İstanbul: Doğan Kitap, 1999.Google Scholar
Avcı, Gamze. “Turkey's Slow EU Candidacy: Insurmountable Hurdles to Membership or Simple Euro-Scepticism.” In Turkey and the European Union, edited by Çarkoğlu, Ali and Rubin, Barry, 149–70. London: Frank Cass, 2005.Google Scholar
Avrupa Birliği Uyum Yasa Paketleri. Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Avrupa Birliği Genel Sekreterliği, 2007.Google Scholar
Balkır, Canan. “The Customs Union and Beyond.” In The Political Economy of Turkey in the Post-Soviet Era, edited by Rittenberg, Libby, 5177. West Port Connecticut: Praeger, 1998.Google Scholar
Birand, Mehmet Ali. Türkiye'nin Avrupa Macerası: 1959-1999. İstanbul: Milliyet, 2001.Google Scholar
Calleo, David P.Beyond American Hegemony. Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books, 1987.Google Scholar
Cooper, Richard N., ed. A Reordered World: Emerging International Economic Problems. Washington: Potomac Associate, 1973.Google Scholar
Çarkoğlu, Ali. “Who Wants Full Membership? Characteristics of Turkish Public Support for EU Membership.Turkish Studies 4, no. S1 (2003): 171–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Çarkoğlu, Ali, and Rubin, Barry, eds. Turkey and the European Union. London: Frank Cass, 2005.Google Scholar
Çayhan, Esra. Dünden Bugüne Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri ve Siyasi Partilerin Konuya Bakısı, İstanbul: Boyut, 1997.Google Scholar
Dinan, Desmond. Ever Closer Union. New York: Palgrave, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eder, Mine. “Implementing the Economic Criteria for EU Membership: How Difficult is it for Turkey?” In Turkey and the European Union, edited by Çarkoğlu, Ali and Rubin, Barry, 218–44. London: Frank Cass, 2005.Google Scholar
Eralp, Atila. “The EU Accession Process and Europeanization in Turkey.” in Sweden and the European Union: Experiences and Expectations Turkey. Stockholm: Sieps, 2006.Google Scholar
Eralp, Atila. “The Politics of Turkish Development Strategies.” In Turkish State and Turkish Society, edited by Finkel, Andrew and Sirman, Nükhet, 219–58. London: Routledge, 1990.Google Scholar
Eralp, Atila. “The Second Enlargement Process of the European Community and Its Possible Effects on Turkey's External Relations.Yapı Kredi Economic Review 2, no. 23 (1998): 324.Google Scholar
Eralp, Atila. “Soğuk Savaştan Günümüze Türkiye-Avrupa İlişkileri.” In Türkiye ve Avrupa, edited by Eralp, Atila, 86120. Ankara: İmge, 1997.Google Scholar
Eralp, Atila, ed. Turkey and Europe. London: Pinter Publishers, 1993.Google Scholar
Eralp, Atila. “Turkey and the EC in the Changing Post-War International System.” In Turkey and Europe, edited by Balkır, Canan and Williams, Allan M., 2444. London: Pinter Publishers, 1993.Google Scholar
Eralp, Atila. “Turkey and the European Union in the Aftermath of the Cold War Context.” In The Political Economy of Turkey in the Post-Soviet Era, edited by Rittenberg, Libby, 3750. West Port Connecticut: Praeger, 1998.Google Scholar
Eralp, Atila. “Turkey in the Changing Post-War World Order: Strategies of Development and Westernization.” In Developmentalism and Beyond: Society and Politics in Egypt and Turkey, edited by öncü, Ayşe, Keyder, Çağlar and Ibrahim, Saad Eddin. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Esen, Aslı Toksabay, and Bölükbaşı, H. Tolga. “Attitudes of Key Stakeholders in Turkey Towards EU-Turkey Relations: Consensual Discord or Contentious Accord.” In Talking Turkey in Europe: Towards a Differentiated Communication Strategy, edited by Tocci, Nathalie, 175–97. Roma: Instituto Affari Internazionali, 2008.Google Scholar
EU Commission Regular Report from the Commission on Turkey's Progress Towards Accession. Brussels, 1999.Google Scholar
EU Commission. Regular Report from the Commission on Turkey's Progress towards Accession. Brussels, 2008.Google Scholar
Goetz, Klaus H.Temporality and the European Administrative Space.Paper presented at the CONN EX thematic conference, Towards A European Administrative Space, London, 1618 November 2006.Google Scholar
Göksel, Diba Nigar, and Güneş, Rana Birden. “The Role of NGO's in the European Integration Process: The Turkish Experience.South European Society and Politics 10, no. S1 (2005): 5772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosser, Alfred. The Western Alliance: European-American Relations since 1945. London: Macmillan, 1980.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group “Reunifying Cyprus: The Best Chance Yet “: Europe Report, 2008.Google Scholar
Karpat, Kemal H., ed. Turkey's Foreign Policy in Transition 1950 1974. Leiden: Brill, 1975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keyman, E. Fuat, and Düzgit, Senem Aydın. “Europeanization, Democratization and Human Rights in Turkey.” In Turkey and the European Union: Prospects for a Difficult Encounter, edited by LaGro, Esra and Jørgensen, Knud Erik, 6989. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirişçi, Kemal. “Revisiting Turkey's Kurdish Problem.EDAM Discussion Paper Series, no. 1 (2008).Google Scholar
Müftüler-Baç, Meltem. Turkey's Relations with a Changing Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Nicolaidis, Kalypso. “Europe's Tainted Mirror: Reflections on Turkey's Candidate Status after Helsinki.” In Greek-Turkish Relations in the Era of Globalization, edited by Keridis, Dimitris and Trianto-phyllou, Dimitrios, 245–77. Dulles: Brassey's, 2001.Google Scholar
Nugent, Neill. The Government and the Politics of the European Union. New York: Palgrave, 2006.Google Scholar
Öniş, Ziya. “An Awkward Partnership: Turkey's Relations with the European Union in Comparative- Historical Perspective.Journal ofEuropean Integration History 7, no. S1 (2001): 105–19.Google Scholar
Özbudun, Ergun. Contemporary Turkish Politics: Challenges to Democratic Consolidation. London: Lynne Rienner, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierson, Paul. “Not Just What, but When: Timing and Sequence in Political Processes.Studies in American Political Development 14, no. S1 (2000): 7292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radaelli, Claudio M.Whither Europeanization? Concept Stretching and Substantive Change.European Integration Online Papers 4, no. 8 (2000).Google Scholar
Radaelli, Claudio M.. “Europeanization: Solution or Problem?European Integration Online Papers 8, no. S16 (2004).Google Scholar
Schimmelfenning, Frank. “Costs, Commitment and Compliance: The Impact of EU Democratic Conditionality on Latvia, Slovakia and Turkey.Journal of Common Market Studies 41, no. 3 (2003): 495518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tayfur, Fatih. “Yunanistan ve ispanya'nın Avrupalılaşma Serüveni ve Türkiye: iki Nikah Bir Cenaze.” In Türkiye ve Avrupa, edited by Eralp, Atila, 179242. Ankara: İmge, 1997.Google Scholar
Tekeli, ilhan, and İlkin, Selim. Türkiye ve Avrupa Topluluğu. Vol. 1. Ankara: Ümit, 1993.Google Scholar
Tekeli, ilhan, and İlkin, Selim. Türkiye ve Avrupa Topluluğu. Vol. 2. Ankara: Ümit, 1993.Google Scholar
Tocci, Nathalie, ed. Conditionality, Impact and Prejudice in EU-Turkey Relations. Rome: Instituto Affari Internazionali, 2007.Google Scholar
Uğur, Mehmet. The European Union and Turkey: An Anchor/Credibility Dilemma. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.Google Scholar
Ülgen, Sinan. “Turkish Business and EU Accession.” In Centre for European Reform Essays. London: CER Publications, 2006.Google Scholar
Williams, Allan M.Turkey: The Mediterranean Context.” In Turkey and Europe, edited by Balkır, Canan and Williams, Allan M., 4565. London: Pinter Publishers, 1993.Google Scholar
Yalçınsoy, Hülya, and Aşırım, Adil. Türkiye'deki Siyasi Partilerin Avrupa Birliği'ne Bakısı. Ankara: TBMM Kütüphanesi, 2000.Google Scholar
Yetkin, Murat. Kürt Kapanı: Şam'dan İmralı'ya öcalan. İstanbul: Remzi, 2004.Google Scholar