Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T18:36:37.226Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘Total trash’. Recorded music and the logic of waste

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2020

Elodie A. Roy*
Affiliation:
Newcastle University

Abstract

This article introduces three situated moments – or plateaux – in order to partially uncover the particular affinities between popular music and the ‘logic of waste’ in the Anthropocene Era, from early phonography to the present digital realm (with a focus on the UK, United States, and British India). The article starts with a ‘partial inventory’ of the Anthropocene, outlining the heuristic values of waste studies for research in popular music. The first plateau retraces the more historical links between popular music and waste, showing how waste (and the positive discourses surrounding it) became a defining element of the discourse and practices of early phonography. It aims to show how recorded sound participated in (and helped define, in an emblematic manner) a rapidly expanding ‘throwaway culture’ at the turn of the 20th century. The second plateau presents a more global panorama of the recording industry through a focus on shellac (a core, reversible substance of the early recording industry). Finally, the third plateau presents some insights into the ways in which popular music may ‘play’ and incorporate residual materialities in the contemporary ‘digital age’. I argue that the logic of waste defined both the space and pace of the early record industry, and continued to inform musical consumption across the 20th century – notably when toxic, non-recyclable synthetic materials (especially polyvinyl) were introduced.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Acland, C.R. (ed.) 2007. Residual Media (Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press)Google Scholar
Anon. 1877. ‘A wonderful invention’, Scientific American, 38/20, 17 November 1877, p. 304Google Scholar
Anon. 1956. Shellac (Calcutta, Angelo Brothers Limited)Google Scholar
Atwood, M. 1972. Surfacing (London, Penguin)Google Scholar
Barr, J. 1969. Derelict Britain (London, Pelican)Google Scholar
Bataille, G. 1949. La part maudite (Paris, Les Editions de Minuit)Google Scholar
Bell, L. M. T. 1936. The Making & Moulding of Plastics (London, Hutchinson's Scientific and Technical Publications)Google Scholar
Bennett, J. 2010. Vibrant Matter. A Political Ecology of Things (Durham. NC, Duke University Press)Google Scholar
Berenbaum, M. 1995. Bugs in the System. Insects and their Impact on Human Affairs (Cambridge, MA, Perseus Books)Google Scholar
Berliner, E. 1913. ‘The development of the talking machine’, Journal of the Franklin Institute, August, pp. 189–99Google Scholar
Berthoud, F. et al. 2012. Impacts écologiques des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication. Les faces cachées de l'immatérialité (Paris, EDP Sciences)Google Scholar
Blake, E.C. 2004. Wars, Dictators and the Gramophone, 1898–1945 (York, William Sessions)Google Scholar
Bonneuil, C., and Fressoz, J.-B. 2016. The Shock of the Anthropocene. The Earth, History and Us. Translated by Fernbach, D. (London, Verso)Google Scholar
Bottomley, A. J. 2016. ‘Play It Again: Rock Music Reissues and the Production of the Past for the Present’, Popular Music and Society, 39/2, pp. 151174CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brittain, V. 1986[1933]. Testament of Youth. An Autobiographical Study of the Years 1900–1925 (London, Virago)Google Scholar
Broadcasting. 1942. ‘Shellac Order Hits Disc Production’, 22/16, 20 April, p. 10Google Scholar
Brown, G.I. 1999. The Big Bang. A History of Explosives (Stroud, Sutton)Google Scholar
Chanan, M. 2000[1995]. Repeated Takes. A Short History of Recording and its Effects on Music (London, Verso)Google Scholar
Chew, V.K. 1981. Talking Machines, 2nd edn (London, Science Museum)Google Scholar
Clarke, J. 2014. ‘The struggles of the ethical music fan’. https://www.virgin.com/music/the-struggles-of-the-ethical-music-fanGoogle Scholar
Cohen, D. 2006. Household Gods. The British and their Possessions (New Haven, CT, Yale University Press)Google Scholar
Cubbitt, S. 2013. ‘Anecdotal evidence’, NECSUS_European Journal of Media Studies. https://necsus-ejms.org/anecdotal-evidence/CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dagognet, F. 1985. Rematérialiser. Matières et matérialismes (Paris, Vrin)Google Scholar
Day, T. 2000. A Century of Recorded Music. Listening to Musical History (New Haven, CT, Yale University Press)Google Scholar
Devine, K. 2015. ‘Decomposed: a political ecology of music’, Popular Music 34/3, pp. 367–89CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, M. 2002[1966]. Purity and Danger. An Analysis of the Concept of Pollution and Taboo (London, Routledge)Google Scholar
Eliot, T.S. 1999[1922]. The Waste Land and Other Poems (London, Faber and Faber)Google Scholar
Eriksson, M, Fleischer, R., Johansson, A., Snickars, P., and Vondereau, P. 2019. Spotify Teardown. Inside the Black Box of Streaming Music (Cambridge, MA, MIT Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzgerald, F.S. 1989 [1922]. The Beautiful and Damned (London, Penguin)Google Scholar
Fraser Darling, F. 1969. Wilderness and Plenty (London, British Broadcasting Corporation)Google Scholar
Frith, S. 1988. Music for Pleasure (Cambridge, Polity Press)Google Scholar
Frith, S. 1986. ‘Why do songs have words?’, Contemporary Music Review, 5/1, pp. 7796CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabrys, J. 2013[2011]. Digital Rubbish. A Natural History of Electronics (Ann Arbor, MI, The University of Michigan Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garofalo, R. 1999. ‘From music publishing to MP3: music and industry in the twentieth century’, American Music, 17/3, pp. 318–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gelatt, R. 1977. The Fabulous Phonograph, 1877–1977, 2nd revised edn (London, Cassell)Google Scholar
Glasmeier, M. 2018[1989]. ‘Music of the angels’, in Block, U. and Glasmeier, M. (eds), Broken Music. Artists’ Recordworks (New York, Primary Information), pp. 2735Google Scholar
Glasser, R. 1990. Gorbals Voices, Siren Songs (London, Chatto & Windus)Google Scholar
Gould, S.J. 1987. Time's Arrow – Time's Cycle. Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press)Google Scholar
Groys, B. 2014. On the New. Translated Goshgarian, G.M. (London, Verso)Google Scholar
Haraway, D. 2015. ‘Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, Chthulucene, making kin’, Environmental Humanities, 6, pp. 159–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hennion, A. 2007. La Passion Musicale. Une sociologie de la médiation (Paris, Métailié)Google Scholar
Henry, M. 1987. La Barbarie (Paris, PUF)Google Scholar
Hesmondhalgh, D., and Negus, K. (eds.) 2002. Popular Music Studies (New York, Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Hicks, E. 1961. Shellac. Its origin and applications (New York, Chemical Publishing Co., Inc.)Google Scholar
Ingold, T. 2010. ‘The textility of making’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34, pp. 91102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juno, A., and Vale, V. (eds.) 1993. Re/Search #14: Incredibly Strange Music, Volume I (San Francisco, CA, Re/Search)Google Scholar
Kassabian, A. 2013. Ubiquitous Listening: Affect, Attention, and Distributed Subjectivity (Berkeley, CA, University of California Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, M. 2010. Capturing Sound. How Technology Has Changed Music, revised edn (Berkeley, CA, University of California Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koehler, A. 2017. Passing Time. An Essay on Waiting. Translated by Eskin, Michael (New York, Upper West Side Philosophers)Google Scholar
Lancaster, O. 1939. Homes Sweet Homes (London, John Murray)Google Scholar
Le Mahieu, D.L. 1982. ‘The gramophone: recorded music and the cultivated mind in Britain between the wars’, Technology and Culture, 23/3, pp. 372–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liboiron, M. 2014. ‘Modern waste is an economic strategy’, Discard Studies [Blog post]. https://discardstudies.com/2014/07/09/modern-waste-is-an-economic-strategy/Google Scholar
Lowe, J., Miller, R. and Boar, R.. 1982. The Incredible Music Machine (London, A Quartet/Visual Arts Book)Google Scholar
Maisonneuve, S. 2009. L'invention du disque 1877–1949: genèse de l'usage des médias musicaux contemporains (Paris, Éditions des archives contemporaines)Google Scholar
Marchand, M. 2012. Le développement de l'industrie musicale en Grande-Bretagne de l'entre-deux-guerres aux années Beatles: une trajectoire d'innovation globale? Unpublished master's thesis, Université Bordeaux IIIGoogle Scholar
Marks, L.U. 2000. The Skin of the Film. Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment and the Senses. (Durham, NC, Duke University Press)Google Scholar
Martland, P. 1997. Since Records Began. EMI, The first 100 years (London, B. T. Batsford)Google Scholar
Maxwell, R., and Miller, T. 2012. Greening the Media (Oxford, Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Miller, H. 2009[1936]. Black Spring (Richmond, Oneword Classics)Google Scholar
Moore, J.N. 1999. Sound Revolutions. A Biography of Fred Gaisberg (London, Sanctuary)Google Scholar
Moore, J.W. 2017. ‘The Capitalocene, Part I: on the nature and origins of our ecological crisis’, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 44/3, pp. 594630CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, T. 2013. Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World (Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press)Google Scholar
Müller, M. 2015. ‘Assemblages and actor-networks: rethinking socio-material power, politics and space’, Geography Compass, 9/1, pp. 2741CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nin, A. 1982. ‘Ragtime’, in Under a Glass Bell, pp. 6064 (Harmondsworth, Penguin Books)Google Scholar
Parikka, J. 2015a. A Geology of Media (Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parikka, J. 2015b. The Anthrobscene (Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press)Google Scholar
Parry, E.J. 1935. Shellac (London, Pitman)Google Scholar
Pfeifer, K. 1992. Compac Disc Packaging and Graphics (Rockport, Rockport Publishers)Google Scholar
Philip, R. 2004. Performing Music in the Age of Recording (New Haven, CT, Yale University Press)Google Scholar
Pollard, A. 1998. Gramophone. The First 75 Years (Harrow, Gramophone)Google Scholar
Powers, D. 2011. ‘The end of new music? Digital media, history, and the idea of attention’, in Park, D.W., Jankowski, N.W. and Jones, S. (eds.), The Long History of New Media. Technology, Historiography, and Contextualising Newness (New York, Peter Lang)Google Scholar
Pynchon, T. 2000[1965]. The Crying of Lot 49 (London, Vintage)Google Scholar
Rathje, W., and Murphy, C. 2001. Rubbish! The Archaeology of Garbage, new edn (Tucson, AZ, The University of Arizona Press)Google Scholar
Read, O., and Welch, W.L. 1976. From Tinfoil to Stereo. Evolution of the Phonograph, 2nd edn (Indianapolis, IN, Bobbs-Merrill)Google Scholar
Reynolds, S. 2011. Retromania. Pop Culture's Addiction to its own Past (London, Faber & Faber)Google Scholar
Rigaud, J.-L. 2011. Pathé Marconi à Chatou. De la musique à l'effacement des traces (Paris, Classiques Garnier)Google Scholar
Roe, F.G. 1968. Victorian Corners: The Style and Taste of an Era (London, George Allen and Unwin Ltd.)Google Scholar
Roy, E.A. 2015. Media, Materiality and Memory. Grounding the Groove (Farnham, Burlington, VE)Google Scholar
Roy, E.A. 2016. ‘You ought to see my phonograph”. The visual wonder of recorded sound (1877–1900)’, in Storey, J. (ed.), The Making of English Popular Culture (Abingdon, Routledge), pp. 184–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, E. A. 2017. ‘Broken records from Berlin: the place of listening in People on Sunday (dir. Curt and Robert Siodmak/Edgar G. Ulmer, 1929)’, Sound Studies, 3/1, pp. 3348CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, E.A. 2018a. ‘Worn grooves. Affective connectivity, mobility and recorded sound in the First World War’, Media History, 24/1, pp. 2645CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, E.A. 2018b. ‘Reissue programmes: framing the past as projet’, in Baker, S., Strong, C., Istvandity, L. and Cantillon, Z. (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Popular Music History and Heritage (London, Routledge)Google Scholar
Sandoz, M. 2001[1966]. ‘The Christmas of the Phonograph Records’, in Sandoz, M., Winter Thunder and the Christmas of the Phonograph Records (New York, McGraw-Hill), pp. 3344Google Scholar
Scanlan, J. 2005. On Garbage (London, Reaktion Books)Google Scholar
Schwenger, P. 2006. The Tears of Things. Melancholy and Physical Objects (Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press)Google Scholar
Sexton, J. 2012. ‘Weird Britain in exile: ghost box, hauntology, and alternative heritage’, Popular Music and Society, 35/4, pp. 561–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slade, G. 2006. Made to Break. Technology and Obsolescence in America (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press)Google Scholar
Smith, J. 2015. Eco-sonic Media (Oakland, CA, University of California Press)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steinbeck, J. 1997[1962]. Travels with Charley (London, Arrow Books)Google Scholar
Strasser, S. 1999. Waste and Want. A Social History of Trash (New York, Owl Book)Google Scholar
Strasser, S. 2015. ‘Rags, bones and plastic bags: obsolescence, trash and American consumer culture’, in Tischleder, B.B. and Wasserman, S. (eds.), Cultures of Obsolescence. History, Materiality and the Digital Age, pp. 4160 (New York, Palgrave Macmillan)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Straw, W. 1999–2000. ‘Music as commodity and material culture’, Repercussions, 7–8, pp. 147172Google Scholar
Thompson, M. 1979. Rubbish Theory. The Creation and Destruction of Value (Oxford, Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Toffler, A. 1970. Future Shock (New York, Random House)Google Scholar
Toop, D., Brady, F. and Allen, S.. 2000. Sonic Boom: The Art of Sound (London, Hayward Gallery)Google Scholar
Trachtenberg, Z. 2015. ‘Anticipating the Anthropocene’, Earth's Future, 3/9, pp. 313–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, S., and Oswald, D. 2018. ‘Setting the record straight: is streaming greener than vinyl?’, Ecologist. https://theecologist.org/2018/mar/16/setting-record-straight-streaming-greener-vinylGoogle Scholar
Wilson, P., and Webb, G.W. 1929. Modern Gramophones and Electrical Reproducers (London, Cassell)Google Scholar
Yusoff, K. 2018. A Billion Black Anthropocenes of None (Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zielinski, S. 2006. Deep Time of the Media. Translated by Custance, G. (Cambridge, MA, the MIT Press)Google Scholar

Discography

Montero, Germaine, ‘Le chiffonnier de la Bastille’. Pathé, 45EG408. 1958Google Scholar
Sonic Youth, ‘Total Trash’, Daydream Nation. Enigma, 7 75403-1. 1988Google Scholar