Metallic nanoparticles may form hierarchical dendrites in the presence of ionic surfactant through self-assembly upon solvent drying at room temperature. With nanoparticle density varying in the drying area on the supporting solid substrate, the morphology and relevant size of the dendrites evolve in different structures. At the region where the nanoparticle density is high, the large dendrite can develop with manifest crystal symmetry. At the low density region, many small sizes of compact crystals can be found, indicating that particle nucleation dominates over the long-range crystal growth. SEM image reveals the ordered stacking of gold nanoplates over the long dendrite branches, resembling the liquid crystal array. We present the possible physical origins to explain the various structures of the assembled dendrites during the solvent evaporation at the interface of solid and air.