The British Artificial Nutrition Survey 2001 recorded 507 home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients (Crohn's disease 31.5%, vascular disease 19.7%, cancer 6.9%). Parenteral nutrition was administered via tunnelled central line (92%) and supplied by a commercial homecare company in 89% of cases. The majority of HPN patients live at home (95.5%) with an independent life (74%), normal activity (59.2%) and 92% survive 1 year. However, there is good evidence that the geographical distribution of HPN patients is uneven (prevalence no patients to thirty-six patients per million of the population) suggesting inequity of access. Patients are increasingly concerned about the distances travelled to main centres and variable standards of more local support. Funding issues continue to cause difficulties as commissioning of health care transfers from Health Authorities to Primary Care Trusts. The two nationally-funded intestinal failure units provide HPN services to 220 HPN patients. HPN-related readmissions have displaced those awaiting admission for intestinal failure treatment, for which the waiting list mortality in one unit has risen to 14%. The government has now recognised HPN as a specialised service distinct from intestinal failure and that existing medium-sized HPN units should be encouraged to take on HPN patients from intestinal failure units and smaller units. In Scotland a Managed Clinical HPN Network supported by the Scottish administration now cares for seventy-two patients under common protocols. The challenge for the future is how to provide high-quality care to all who need it in the rest of the UK.