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The in vitro antileishmanial activity of essential oil from Aloysia gratissima and guaiol, its major sesquiterpene against Leishmania amazonensis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2018

Maria Carolina Freitas Garcia ,
Deivid Costa Soares ,
Raissa Couto Santana ,
Elvira Maria Saraiva ,
Antonio Carlos Siani ,
Mônica Freiman S. Ramos ,
Maria das Graças Miranda Danelli ,
Thaïs Cristina Souto-Padron  and
Lucia H. Pinto-da-Silva
Maria Carolina Freitas Garcia
Affiliation:
Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
Deivid Costa Soares
Affiliation:
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Raissa Couto Santana
Affiliation:
Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
Elvira Maria Saraiva
Affiliation:
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Antonio Carlos Siani
Affiliation:
Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, Brazil
Mônica Freiman S. Ramos
Affiliation:
Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Maria das Graças Miranda Danelli
Affiliation:
Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
Thaïs Cristina Souto-Padron
Affiliation:
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Lucia H. Pinto-da-Silva*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Lucia H. Pinto da Silva, E-mail: lpintosilva@gmail.com Deivid Costa Soares, E-mail: soaresdc@micro.ufrj.br
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Abstract

Leishmaniases is a tropical disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania for which the current treatment is expensive, besides increasing reports of parasite resistance. This study investigated the anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of the essential oil from Aloysia gratissima (AgEO) and guaiol, the major sesquiterpene constituent in the oil. Our results showed that AgEO killed promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes at an IC50 of 25 and 0·16 µg mL−1, respectively, while guaiol killed amastigotes at an IC50 of 0·01 µg mL−1. Both AgEO and guaiol were safe for macrophages up to 100 µg mL−1, as evaluated by the dehydrogenase activity, membrane integrity and phagocytic capacity. AgEO and guaiol did not induce nitrite oxide (NO) in resting macrophages and inhibited the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. The ultrastructural analysis suggested that AgEO and guaiol act directly on parasites, affecting promastigotes kinetoplast, mitochondrial matrix and plasma membrane. Together, these results pointed out that AgEO and guaiol could be promising candidates to develop anti-Leishmania drugs.

Keywords

Aloysia gratissimacutaneous leishmaniasisessential oilguaiolLeishmania amazonensis
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 145 , Issue 9 , August 2018 , pp. 1219 - 1227
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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Footnotes

*

Both authors have contributed equally to this work.

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