8 CFR § 214.14(b)(1).Google Scholar

8 CFR § 208.16.Google Scholar

8 CFR § 204.2 (c).Google Scholar

8 USC § 1101 (a).Google Scholar

8 USC § 1101(f).Google Scholar

8 USC § 1101(f).Google Scholar

8 USC § 1182(a)(1)(A)(iv).Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

American Psychological Association. (2013). Specialty guidelines for forensic psychology. American Psychologist, 68(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029889.Google Scholar

Balsamo, D. N., & Kapoor, R. (2016). Competency in immigration proceedings. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 44(1), 132–134.Google Scholar

Barber-Rioja, V., Akinsulure-Smith, A. M. & Vendzules, S. (2022). Mental health evaluations in immigration court: A guide for mental health and legal professionals. NYU Press.Google Scholar

Barber-Rioja, V. & Garcia-Mansilla, A. (2019). Special considerations when conducting forensic psychological evaluations for immigration court. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 75(11), 2049–2059. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22863.Google Scholar

Barber-Rioja, V. & Garcia-Mansilla, A. (2023). Forensic mental health assessment in immigration court. In DeMatteo, D. & Scherr, K. C. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of psychology and law. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Barber-Rioja, V., & Rosenfeld, B. (2018). Addressing linguistic and cultural differences in the forensic interview. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 17(4), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2018.1495280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Basterra, M., Trumbull, E., & Solano-Flores, G. (Eds.) (2011). Cultural validity in assessment: Addressing linguistic and cultural diversity. Routledge.Google Scholar

Betancourt, J. R., Green, A. R., Carrillo, J. E., & Owusu Ananeh-Firempong, I. I. (2016). Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public Health Reports, 118(4), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1093/phr/118.4.293.Google Scholar

Boehnlein, J., Westermeyer, J., & Scalco, M. (2015). Supplementary Module 11: Immigrants and refugees. In Lewis-Fernández, R, Aggarwal, N, Hinton, L, Hinton, D., & Kirmayer, L (Eds.), DSM-5® Handbook on the Cultural Formulation Interview (pp. 173–181). American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

Bouza, J., Camacho-Thompson, D. E., Carlo, G., et al. (2018). The science is clear: Separating families has long-term damaging psychological and health consequences for children, families, and communities. Society for Research in Child Development. www.srcd.org/.Google Scholar

Capps, R., Fix, M., & Zong, J. (2016). A profile of US children with unauthorized immigrant Parents. Migration Policy Institute. www.migrationpolicy.org/research/profile-us-children-unauthorized-immigrant-parents.Google Scholar

Cohen, J. (2001). Errors of recall and credibility: Can omissions and discrepancies in successive statements reasonably be said to undermine credibility of testimony? Medico-Legal Journal, 69(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1258/rsmmlj.69.1.25.Google Scholar

De Jesús-Rentas, G., Boehnlein, J., & Sparr, L. (2010). Central American victims of gang violence as asylum seekers: The role of the forensic expert. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 38(4), 490–498.Google Scholar

Department of Justice (2012). FY 2021. Statistical Yearbook. www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2021.Google Scholar

Department of Justice (2018). FY 2018. Statistical Yearbook. Retrieved from www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2018.Google Scholar

Dusky v. United States, 362 US 402 (1960).Google Scholar

Evans III, F. B., & Hass, A. G. (2018). Forensic psychological assessment in immigration court: A guidebook for evidence-based and ethical practice. Routledge.Google Scholar

Executive Office of Immigration Review (2013). Phase 1 Guidance. Department of Justice,Washington, DC. http://immigrationreports.files.wordpress.com/.Google Scholar

Filone, S., & DeMatteo, D. (2017). Testimonial inconsistencies, adverse credibility determinations, and asylum adjudication in the United States. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 3(2), 202–213. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000112.Google Scholar

Filone, S., & King, C. M. (2015). The emerging standard of competence in immigration removal proceedings: A review for forensic mental health professionals. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 21(1), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000032.Google Scholar

Frederick, L. T. L., Lui, P., & Kalibatseva, Z. (2020). Multicultural issues in psychological assessment. In Selbom, M. & Suhr, J. A. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of clinical assessment and diagnosis (pp. 25–37). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Frumkin, I. B., & Friedland, J. (1995). Forensic evaluations in immigration cases: Evolving issues. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 13(4), 477–489. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370130404.Google Scholar

Galatzer-Levy, I. R., & Bryant, R. A. (2013). 636,120 ways to have posttraumatic stress disorder. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6), 651–662. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613504115.Google Scholar

Hake, B. A., & Banks, D. L. (2005). The Hake hardship scale: A quantitative system for assessment of hardship in immigration cases based on a statistical analysis of AAO decisions. Bender’s Immigration Bulletin, 10, 403–420.Google Scholar

Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999152X.Google Scholar

Herlihy, J., Scragg, P., & Turner, S. (2002). Discrepancies in autobiographical memories – Implications for the assessment of asylum seekers: Repeated interviews study. British Medical Journal, 324(7333), 324–327. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7333.324.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., & Lewis‐Fernández, R. (2011). The cross-cultural validity of posttraumatic stress disorder: Implications for DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28(9), 783–801. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20753.Google Scholar

INA § 212(h).Google Scholar

INA § 240A(b)(1).Google Scholar

In re M-A-M-, 25 I. & N. Dec. 474 (B. I. A. 2011).Google Scholar

Kagan, M. (2002). Is truth in the eye of the beholder-objective credibility assessment in refugee status determination. Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 17(3), 367–415.Google Scholar

Kissane, M., Szymanski, L., Upthegrove, R., & Katona, C. (2014). Complex posttraumatic stress disorder in traumatised asylum seekers: A pilot study. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 28(3), 137–144. https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632014000300001.Google Scholar

Koch, W. K., Nader, R., & Harring, (2009). The science and pseudoscience of assessing psychological injuries. In Skeem, J., Douglas, K., & Lilienfeld, S. (Eds.), Psychological science in the courtroom: Controversies and consensus (pp. 263–283). Guilford.Google Scholar

Lopez, S. R., & Guarnaccia, P. J. (2000). Cultural psychopathology: Uncovering the social world of mental illness. Annual Review of Psychology, 51(1), 571–598. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.571.Google Scholar

Lustig, S. L., Kureshi, S., Delucchi, K. L., Iacopino, V., & Morse, S. C. (2008). Asylum grant rates following medical evaluations of maltreatment among political asylum applicants in the United States. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 10(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-007-9056-8.Google Scholar

Matter of Castro-Tum, 27 I&N Dec. 271 (A.G. 2018).Google Scholar

Matter of M-A-M, 25 I&N Dec. (BIA 2011).Google Scholar

Matter of Ngai, 19 I&N Dec. 245, BIA 1984.Google Scholar

Matto, M., McNiel, D. E., & Binder, R. L. (2019). A systematic approach to the detection of false PTSD. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 47(3), 325–334.Google Scholar

Marouf, F. E. (2014). Incompetent but deportable: The case for a right to mental competence in removal proceedings. Hastings Law Journal, 65(4), 929–998.Google Scholar

Melton, G. B., Petrila, J., Poythress, N. G. et al. (2018). Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers. The Guildford Press.Google Scholar

Musalo, K., Meffert, S. M., & Abdo, A. O. (2010). The role of mental health professionals in political asylum processing. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 38(4), 479–489.Google Scholar

Neuman, G. L. (2005). Discretionary deportation. Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 20(4), 611–655.Google Scholar

New York Immigrant Representation Study (2011). Accessing Justice, The Availability and Adequacy of Counsel in Immigration Proceedings. https://larc.cardozo.yu.edu/faculty-articles/109/.Google Scholar

Niang v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 505, 512 (4th Cir. 2007).Google Scholar

Pew Research Center (2020). Key Findings About US Immigrants. www.pewresearch.org/.Google Scholar

Reynolds, C. R. & Suzuki, L. A. (2013). Bias in psychological assessment: An empirical review and recommendations. In Graham, J. R., Naglieri, J. A., & Weiner, I. B (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Assessment psychology (pp. 82–113). John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar

Soto, A., Bottone, R., Waters, J., et al. (2021). Charting a new regional course of action: The complex motivations and costs of Central American Migration. Migration Policy Institute. www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/mpi-wfp-mit_migration-motivations-costs_exec-sum-eng_final.pdf.Google Scholar

USCIS Policy Manual Vol. 1 Part E Ch. 8 (2021). Discretionary analysis, US Citizenship and Immigration Services. www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-1-part-e-chapter-8#:~:text=The%20discretionary%20analysis%20involves%20the,reliance%20on%20biases%20or%20assumptions.Google Scholar

US Government Accountability Office (2016). Asylum: Variation exists in outcomes of applications across immigration courts and judges. www.gao.gov/products/gao-17-72#:~:text=After%20statistically%20controlling%20for%20certain,across%20immigration%20courts%20and%20judges.Google Scholar

Vallières, F., Ceannt, R., Daccache, F., et al. (2018). ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD amongst Syrian refugees in Lebanon: The factor structure and the clinical utility of the International Trauma Questionnaire. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 138(6), 547–557. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12973.Google Scholar

Varela, J. G., Boccaccini, M. T., Gonzalez, J. E., Gharagozioo, L., & Johnson, S. M. (2011). Do defense attorney referrals for competence to stand trial evaluations depend on whether the client speaks English or Spanish? Law and Human Behavior, 35(6), 501–511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-010-9253-1.Google Scholar

Wilson, A., Prokop, N. H. & Robins, S. (2015) Addressing all heads of the hydra: Reframing safeguards for mentally impaired detainees in immigration removal proceedings. New York Review of Law & Social Change, 39(2), 313–368.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. (2018). International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics (11th Revision). https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en.Google Scholar

Beltrani, A., Reed, A. L., Zapf, P. A., & Otto, R. K. O. (2018). Is hindsight really 20/20? The impact of outcome information on decision making. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 17(3), 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2018.1505790.Google Scholar

Brady, K. T., Back, S. E., & Coffey, S. F. (2004). Substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(5), 206–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00309.x.Google Scholar

Brown, L. B. (2020). Complex trauma and the question of reasonableness of response in sexual harassment cases: Issues for treatment providers and forensic evaluators. Psychological Injury and Law, 13, 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-020-09378-7.Google Scholar

Bucich, M., Steel, Z., & Berle, D. (2022). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom profiles among people who have experienced abuse: Findings from the NESARC-III study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001193.Google Scholar

Fokas, K. F., & Brovko, J. M. (2020). Assessing symptom validity in psychological injury evaluations using the MMPI-2-RF and the PAI: An updated review. Psychological Injury and Law, 13, 370–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-020-09393-8.Google Scholar

Foote, W. E. (2007). Psychological evaluation and testimony in cases of clergy and teacher sex abuse. In Goldstein, A. M. (Ed.), Forensic psychology: Advanced topics for forensic mental experts & attorneys (pp. 571–604). John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar

Foote, W. E. (2020). Trauma assessment in personal injury and employment discrimination cases. In Rafael, A. J., Owen, E., & Maddox, J. (Eds.), Trauma and its vicissitudes in forensic contexts: An introduction (pp. 297–324). Springer.Google Scholar

Foote, W. E., & Goodman-Delahunty, J. (2021). Understanding sexual harassment: Evidence-based forensic practice. American Psychological Association.Google Scholar

Foote, W. E., Goodman-Delahunty, J., & Young, C. (2021). Civil forensic evaluation: Professional and ethical considerations in litigation related assessment. Psychological Injury and Law, 13(4), 327–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-020-09398-3.Google Scholar

Foote, W. E., & Lareau, C. R. (2013). Psychological evaluation of emotional damages in tort cases. In Otto, R. K. & Weiner, I. B. (Eds.), Handbook of psychology Vol. 1: Forensic psychology (pp. 172–200). John Wiley & Sons Inc.Google Scholar

Greenberg, S. A., Otto, R. K., & Long, A. C. (2003). The utility of psychological testing in assessing emotional damages in personal injury litigation. Assessment, 10(4), 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191103259532.Google Scholar

Gutheil, T. G., Bursztajn, H., Brodsky, A., & Strasburger, L. H. (2000). Preventing “critogenic” harms: Minimizing emotional injury from civil litigation. The Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 28(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/009318530002800102.Google Scholar

Hagenaars, M. (2016). Tonic immobility and PTSD in a large community sample. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 7(2), 246–260. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.051915.Google Scholar

Hershcovis, M. S., & Barling, J. (2010). Comparing victim attributions and outcomes for workplace aggression and sexual harassment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 874–888. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020070.Google Scholar

Kessler, R. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., et al. (2017). Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8 (Suppl. 5), 1353383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2017.1353383.Google Scholar

Liebman, R. E., Van Buren, B., & Grasso, D. (2022). Assessment and clinical decision-making with adult survivors of interpersonal violence. In Geffner, R., White, J. W., Hamberger, L. K., et al. (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal violence and abuse across the lifespan (pp. 4351–4382). Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_175-1.Google Scholar

Lucassen, N., de Haan, A. D., Helmerhorst, K. O. W., & Keizer, R. (2021). Interrelated changes in parental stress, parenting, and coparenting across the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Family Psychology. https://doi-org.libproxy.unm.edu/10.1037/fam0000908.supp (Supplemental).Google Scholar

Marino, V. R., Badana, A. N. S., & Haley, W. E. (2020). Care demands and well-being of primary and secondary non-spousal caregivers of aging adults. Clinical Gerontologist: The Journal of Aging and Mental Health, 43(5), 558–571. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2020.1759748.Google Scholar

McCaslin, S. E., Cloitre, M., Neylan, T. C., et al. (2019). Factors associated with high functioning despite distress in post-9/11 veterans. Rehabilitation Psychology, 64(3), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000271.Google Scholar

Messman, B. A., Rafiuddin, H. S., Slavish, D. C., Weiss, N. H., & Contractor, A. A. (2022). Examination of daily-level associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and COVID-19 worries. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(3), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001170.Google Scholar

Neal, T. M. S., Lienert, P., Denne, E., & Singh, J. P. (2022). A general model of cognitive bias in human judgment and systematic review specific to forensic mental health. Law and Human Behavior, 46(2), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000482.Google Scholar

Pietrzak, R. H., Feder, A., Singh, R., et al. (2014). Trajectories of PTSD risk and resilience in World Trade Center responders: An 8-year prospective cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 44(1), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713000597.Google Scholar

Renka, C. (2007). The presumed eggshell plaintiff rule: Determining liability when mental harm accompanies physical injury. Thomas Jefferson Law Review, 29, 289–311.Google Scholar

Rodriguez v Bethlehem Steel Corporation et al., 12 Cal.3d 382, 115 Cal. Rptr. 765, 525 P.2d 669 (1974). https://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/3d/12/382.html.Google Scholar

Schiewe, M. (2019). Tonic immobility: The fear-freeze response as a forgotten factor in sexual assault laws. DePaul Journal of Women, Gender and Law, 8, 1–28.Google Scholar

Simon, D., Ahn, M., Stenstrom, D. M., & Read, S. J. (2020). The adversarial mindset. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 26(3), 353–377. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000226.Google Scholar

Wilson, J. P., & Moran, T. A. (2004). Forensic/clinical assessment of psychological trauma and PTSD in legal settings. In Wilson, J. P. & Keane, T. M. (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 603–636). The Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01093.x.Google Scholar

Agnew, R., Piquero, N. L., & Cullen, F. T. (2009). General Strain Theory and white-collar crime. In Simpson, S. S & Weisburd, D (Eds.) The criminology of white-collar crime (pp. 35–60). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09502-8_3.Google Scholar

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs.Google Scholar

Bandura, A. (1990). Selective activation and disengagement of moral control. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1990.tb00270.x.Google Scholar

Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3), 193–209.Google Scholar

Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724022014322.Google Scholar

Bandura, A. (2005). The evolution of social cognitive theory. In Smith, K. G. & Hitt, M. A. (Eds.), Great minds in management (pp. 9–35). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Blickle, G., Schlegel, A., Fassbender, P., & Klein, U. (2006). Some personality correlates of business white-collar crime. Applied Psychology, 55(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00226.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brummelman, E., Thomaes, S., Nelemans, S. A., et al. (2015). Origins of narcissism in children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(12), 3659–3662. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1420870112.Google Scholar

Burton, V. S., Cullen, F. T., Evans, T. D., & Dunaway, R. G. (1994). Reconsidering strain theory: Operationalization, rival theories, and adult criminality. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10(3), 213–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02221211.Google Scholar

Bushman, B. J., Bonacci, A. M., van Dijk, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Narcissism, sexual refusal, and aggression: Testing a narcissistic reactance model of sexual coercion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1027–1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1027.Google Scholar

Campbell, W. K., Bonacci, A. M., Shelton, J., Exline, J. J., & Bushman, B. J. (2004). Psychological entitlement: Interpersonal consequences and validation of a self-report measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83(1), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8301_04.Google Scholar

Christie, R., & Geis, F. L. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar

Clark, A. (2015). The privileged defense: Affluenza’s potential impact on counselors in court proceedings. VISTAS Online. www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/vistas/article_7317cd23f16116603abcacff0000bee5e7.pdf?sfvrsn=4.Google Scholar

Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588–608. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094589.Google Scholar

Cressey, D. R. (1953). Other people’s money: Study in the social psychology of embezzlement. Free Press.Google Scholar

Czibor, A., & Bereczkei, T. (2012). Machiavellian people’s success results from monitoring their partners. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(3), 202–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.005.Google Scholar

DeShong, H. L., Grant, D. M., & Mullins-Sweatt, S. N. (2015). Comparing models of counterproductive workplace behaviors: The five-factor model and the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.001.Google Scholar

Detert, J. R., Treviño, L. K., & Sweitzer, V. L. (2008). Moral disengagement in ethical decision making: A study of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 374–391. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.374.Google Scholar

Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11.Google Scholar

Galvin, M. A., Logan, M., & Snook, D. W. (2021). Assessing the validity of white-collar crime definitions using experimental survey data. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 18(1), 665–693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-020-09455-6.Google Scholar

Grijalva, E., Newman, D. A., Tay, L., et al. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 141(2), 261–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038231.Google Scholar

Hamilton, C., & Denniss, R. (2005). Affluenza: When too much is never enough (Illustrated ed.). Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar

Hare, R. D. (1996). Psychopathy: A clinical construct whose time has come. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23(1), 25–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854896023001004.Google Scholar

Heine, S. J., & Buchtel, E. E. (2009). Personality: The universal and the culturally specific. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(1), 369–394. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163655.Google Scholar

Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Peng, K., & Greenholtz, J. (2002). What’s wrong with cross-cultural comparisons of subjective Likert scales? The reference-group effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 903–918. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.903.Google Scholar

Hystad, S. W., Mearns, K. J., & Eid, J. (2014). Moral disengagement as a mechanism between perceptions of organisational injustice and deviant work behaviours. Safety Science, 68, 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.03.012.Google Scholar

Jacobs, G., Belschak, F. D., & den Hartog, D. N. (2014). (Un)Ethical behavior and performance appraisal: The role of affect, support, and organizational justice. Journal of Business Ethics, 35(2), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1687-1.Google Scholar

Jones, D. N. (2014a). Predatory personalities as behavioral mimics and parasites. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(4), 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614535936.Google Scholar

Jones, D. N. (2014b). Risk in the face of retribution: Psychopathic individuals persist in financial misbehavior among the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 109–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.030.Google Scholar

Jones, D. N., & Mueller, S. M. (2021). Is Machiavellianism dead or dormant? The perils of researching a secretive construct. Journal of Business Ethics, 176, 535–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04708-w.Google Scholar

Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2009). Machiavellianism. In Leary, M. R. & Hoyle, R. H. (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 93–108). The Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2017). Duplicity among the dark triad: Three faces of deceit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(2), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000139.Google Scholar

Kaseem, R., & Higson, A. W. (2012). The new fraud triangle model. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(3), 191–195.Google Scholar

Klein, G., & Shtudiner, Z. (2020). Judging severity of unethical workplace behavior: Attractiveness and gender as status characteristics. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 24(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/2340944420916100.Google Scholar

Krizan, Z., & Herlache, A. D. (2017). The narcissism spectrum model: A synthetic view of narcissistic personality. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22(1), 3–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868316685018.Google Scholar

Lewin, K. (1948). Action research and minority problems. In Lewin, G. (Ed.), Resolving social conflicts: Selected papers on group dynamics (pp. 201–216). Harper & Row.Google Scholar

Lingnau, V., Fuchs, F., & Dehne-Niemann, T. E. (2017). The influence of psychopathic traits on the acceptance of white-collar crime: Do corporate psychopaths cook the books and misuse the news? Journal of Business Economics, 87(9), 1193–1227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-017-0864-6.Google Scholar

Listwan, S. J., Piquero, N. L., & van Voorhis, P. (2010). Recidivism among a white-collar sample: Does personality matter? Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 43(1), 156–174. https://doi.org/10.1375/acri.43.1.156.Google Scholar

Marks, J. (2012, October). The mind behind the fraudsters crime: Key behavioral and environmental elements. ACFE Global Fraud Conference, Ottawa, Canada.Google Scholar

Međedović, J. (2017). The profile of a criminal offender depicted by HEXACO personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 107, 159–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.015.Google Scholar

Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

O’Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A. (2012). Supplemental material for a meta-analysis of the dark triad and work behavior: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 557–579. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025679.supp.Google Scholar

Patrice, J. (2014, August 6). The affluenza kid and privilege (this time the evidentiary kind). Above the Law. https://abovethelaw.com/2014/08/the-affluenza-kid-and-privilege-this-time-the-evidentiary-kind/.Google Scholar

Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00505-6.Google Scholar

Piquero, N. L., Exum, M. L., & Simpson, S. S. (2005). Integrating the desire-for-control and rational choice in a corporate crime context. Justice Quarterly, 22(2), 252–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820500089034.Google Scholar

Piquero, N. L., Piquero, A. R., Narvey, C., Boutwell, B., & Farrington, D. P. (2019). Are there psychopaths in white-collar jobs? Deviant Behavior, 42(8), 979–992. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2019.1708537.Google Scholar

PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2020). PWC’s Global Economic Crime and Fraud Survey 2020. PwC. www.pwc.com/gx/en/services/forensics/economic-crime-survey.html.Google Scholar

Ragatz, L. L., Fremouw, W., & Baker, E. (2012). The psychological profile of white-collar offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39(7), 978–997. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854812437846.Google Scholar

Runciman, W. G. (1966) Relative deprivation and social justice. Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar

Schoepfer, A., Piquero, N. L., & Langton, L. (2013). Low self-control versus the desire-for-control: An empirical test of white-collar crime and conventional crime. Deviant Behavior, 35(3), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2013.834758.Google Scholar

Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832Google Scholar

Simpson, S. S. (2013). White-collar crime: A review of recent developments and promising directions for future research. Annual Review of Sociology, 39(1), 309–331. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145546.Google Scholar

Sutherland, E. H. (1939). White-collar criminality. American Sociological Review, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2307/2083937.Google Scholar

Sykes, G. M., & Matza, D. (1957). Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency. American Sociological Review, 22(6), 664–670. https://doi.org/10.2307/2089195.Google Scholar

Threadgold, S., & Nilan, P. (2009). Reflexivity of contemporary youth, risk and cultural capital. Current Sociology, 57(1), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392108097452.Google Scholar

Turner, M. J. (2014). An investigation of Big Five personality and propensity to commit white-collar crime. Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research, 17, 57–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/s1475-148820140000017002.Google Scholar

Vernon, P. A., Villani, V. C., Vickers, L. C., & Harris, J. A. (2008). A behavioral genetic investigation of the Dark Triad and the Big 5. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(2), 445–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.09.007.Google Scholar

Webber, C. (2007). Revaluating relative deprivation theory. Theoretical Criminology, 11(1), 97–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480607072737.Google Scholar

Williams, K. M., & Paulhus, D. L. (2004). Factor structure of the self-report psychopathy scale (SRP-II) in non-forensic samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(4), 765–778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.004.Google Scholar

Wolfe, D. T., & Hermanson, D. R. (2004). The fraud diamond: Considering the four elements of fraud. CPA Journal, 38–42.Google Scholar

Zhang, J., Wang, J., & Kong, D. (2020). Employee treatment and corporate fraud. Economic Modelling, 85, 325–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.10.028.Google Scholar

Administrative Office of the US Courts (2021). US district courts – Judicial business 2020. www.uscourts.gov/statistics-reports/us-district-courts-judicial-business-2020.Google Scholar

Albiston, C., Edelman, L. B., & Milligan, J. (2014). The dispute tree and the legal forest. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 10, 105–131. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110413-030826.Google Scholar

Alicke, M. (2000). Culpable control and the psychology of blame. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 556–574. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.4.556.Google Scholar

Ames, D. L., & Fiske, S. T. (2013). Intentional harms are worse, even when they’re not. Psychological Science, 24(9), 1755–1762. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613480507.Google Scholar

Baron, J., & Ritov, I. (1994). Reference points and omission bias. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 59(3), 475–498. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1994.1070.Google Scholar

Bavli, H. J., & Mozer, R. (2019). The effects of comparable-case guidance on awards for pain and suffering and punitive damages: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Yale Law & Policy Review, 37, 405–458.Google Scholar

Bovbjerg, R. R., Sloan, F. A., & Blumstein, J. F. (1989). Valuing life and limb in tort: Scheduling pain and suffering. Northwestern University Law Review, 83, 908–976.Google Scholar

Burch, E. C. (2019). Mass tort deals: Backroom bargaining in multidistrict litigation. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Burch, E. C., & Williams, M. S. (2022). Perceptions of justice in multidistrict litigation: Voices from the crowd. Cornell Law Review, 107(7), 1835–1925.Google Scholar

Bystranowski, P., Bartosz, J., Próchnicki, , & Skórska, P. (2021). Anchoring effect in legal decision-making: A meta-analysis. Law and Human Behavior, 45(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000438.Google Scholar

Cantone, J. A. (2020). Counterfactual thinking, causation, and covariation in mock juror assessments of negligence: Twenty-five years later. Psychological Reports, 123, 371–394. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118816945.Google Scholar

Cecil, J. S., Rindskopf, D., Eyre, R. N., & Miletich, D. (2007). A quarter-century of summary judgment practice in six federal district courts, Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 4, 861–907. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-1461.2007.00109.x.Google Scholar

Chua, L. J. & Engel, D. M. (2019). Legal consciousness reconsidered. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 15, 335–353. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042717.Google Scholar

Coates, D., & Penrod, S. (1980–1981). Social psychology and the emergence of disputes. Law & Society Review, 15, 655–680. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053506.Google Scholar

Cohen, J. R. (1999). Advising clients to apologize. Southern California Law Review, 72, 1009–1069. http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub/648.Google Scholar

Cohen, J. R. (2005). The culture of legal denial. Nebraska Law Review, 84, 247–312. http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub/39.Google Scholar

Cohen, T. H. (2009). Tort bench and jury trials in state courts, 2005. Washington: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar

Cohen, T. H., & Harbacek, K. (2011). Punitive damage awards in state courts, 2005. Washington: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar

Court Statistics Project (2020). State Court Caseload Digest: 2018 Data. National Center for State Courts. www.courtstatistics.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/40820/2018-Digest.pdf.Google Scholar

Darley, J. M. (2001). Citizens’ sense of justice and the legal system. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00103.Google Scholar

Darley, J. M., & Huff, C. W. (1990). Heightened damage assessment as a result of the intentionality of the damage-causing act. British Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00898.x.Google Scholar

Darley, J. M. & Pittman, T. S. (2003). The psychology of compensatory and retributive justice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7, 324–336. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0704_05.Google Scholar

Deutsch, M. (1975). Equity, equality, and need: What determines which value will be used as the basis of distributive justice. Journal of Social Issues, 31, 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1975.tb01000.x.Google Scholar

Eisenberg, T., Heise, M., Waters, N. L., & Wells, M. T. (2010). The decision to award punitive damages: An empirical study. Journal of Legal Analysis, 2(2), 577–620. https://doi.org/10.1093/jla/2.2.577.Google Scholar

Engel, D. M. (2016). The myth of the litigious society: Why we don’t sue. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Felstiner, W. L. F., Abel, R. L., & Sarat, A. (1980–1981). The emergence and transformation of disputes: Naming, blaming, claiming … Law & Society Review, 15, 631–654. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053505.Google Scholar

Galanter, M. (1984). Worlds of deals: Using negotiation to teach about legal process. Journal of Legal Education, 34, 268–276. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42892685.Google Scholar

Goodman-Delahunty, J., Granhag, P. A., Hartwig, M., & Loftus, E. F. (2010). Insightful or wishful: Lawyers’ ability to predict case outcomes. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 16, 133–157. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019060.Google Scholar

Greene, E., & Bornstein, B. H. (2003). Determining damages: The psychology of jury awards. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10464-000.Google Scholar

Guthrie, C. (2000). Framing frivolous litigation: A psychological theory. University of Chicago Law Review, 63, 163–216. https://doi.org/10.2307/1600328.Google Scholar

Guthrie, C., Rachlinski, J. J., & Wistrich, A. J. (2007). Blinking on the bench: How judges decide cases. Cornell Law Review, 93, 1–43. https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/facpub/917.Google Scholar

Hadfield, G. K. (2008). Framing the choice between cash and the courthouse: Experiences with the 9/11 compensation fund. Law and Society Review, 42, 645–682. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00354.x.Google Scholar

Hannaford-Agor, P., Graves, S., & Miller, S. (2015). The landscape of civil litigation in state courts. National Center for State Courts. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2700745.Google Scholar

Hans, V. P. (2000). Business on trial: The civil jury and corporate responsibility. Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Hans, V. P., Helm, R. K., & Reyna, V. F. (2018). From meaning to money: Translating injury into dollars. Law and Human Behavior, 42, 95–109. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000282.Google Scholar

Hans, V. P., Reed, K. M., Reyna, V. R., Garavito, D., & Helm, R. K. (2022). Guiding jurors’ damage award decisions: Experimental investigations of approaches based on theory and practice. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 28(2), 188–212. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000342.Google Scholar

Hans, V. P., & Reyna, V. F. (2011). To dollars from sense: Qualitative to quantitative translation in jury damage awards. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 8, 120–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-1461.2011.01233.x.Google Scholar

Helm, R. K., Hans, V. P., Reyna, V. R., & Reed, K. (2020). Numeracy in the jury box: Numerical ability, meaning, and damage award decision making. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 34, 434–448. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3629.Google Scholar

Helzer, E. G., & Pizarro, D. A. (2012). An intentionality bias in social judgment: Its precursors and consequences. Paper presented at the 24th annual convention of the Association for Psychological Science, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar

Hyman, D. (2006). Rescue without law: An empirical perspective on the duty to rescue. Texas Law Review, 84, 653–737.Google Scholar

Kahan, D. M., Hoffman, D. A., & Braman, D. (2009). Whose eyes are you going to believe? Scott v. Harris and the perils of cognitive illiberalism. Harvard Law Review, 122, 837–906. https://harvardlawreview.org/2009/04/whose-eyes-are-you-going-to-believe-scott-v-harris-and-the-perils-of-cognitive-illiberalism/.Google Scholar

Kamin, K. A. & Rachlinski, J. J. (1995). Ex post ≠ ex ante: Determining liability in hindsight. Law and Human Behavior, 19, 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01499075.Google Scholar

Karlovac, M. & Darley, J. M. (1988). Attribution of responsibility for accidents: A negligence law analogy. Social Cognition, 6, 287–318. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1988.6.4.287.Google Scholar

Korobkin, R., & Guthrie, C. (1994). Psychological barriers to litigation settlement: An experimental approach. Michigan Law Review, 93, 107–192. https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol93/iss1/3.Google Scholar

Kritzer, H. (1997). Contingency fee lawyers as gatekeepers in the civil justice system. Judicature, 81, 22–29.Google Scholar

Kritzer, H. (2007). Defending torts: What should we know? Journal of Tort Law, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.2202/1932-9148.1047.Google Scholar

Kritzer, H. (2011). The antecedents of disputes: Complaining and claiming. Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 1. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/faculty_articles/6.Google Scholar

MacCoun, R. (1996). Differential treatment of corporate defendants by juries: An examination of the deep-pockets hypothesis. Law & Society Review, 30, 121–161.Google Scholar

Malle, B. F., & Knobe, J. (1997). The folk concept of intentionality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33(2), 101–121. https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1996.1314.Google Scholar

Miller, R. E., & Sarat, A. (1981). Grievances, claims, and disputes: Assessing the adversary culture. Law and Society Review, 15, 525–566. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053502.Google Scholar

Mott, N. L., Hans, V. P., & Simpson, L. (2000). What’s half a lung worth? Civil jurors’ accounts of their award decision making. Law and Human Behavior, 24, 401–419. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005540229224.Google Scholar

Prescott, J. J. & Spier, K. E. (2016). A comprehensive theory of civil settlement. NYU Law Review, 91, 59–143. www.nyulawreview.org/issues/volume-91-number-1/a-comprehensive-theory-of-civil-settlement/.Google Scholar

Rachlinski, J. J. (1996). Gains, losses and the psychology of litigation. Southern California Law Review, 70, 113–186. http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/facpub/795.Google Scholar

Rachlinski, J. J. (2003). Misunderstanding ability, misallocating responsibility. Brooklyn Law Review, 68, 1055–1092. https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/blr/vol68/iss4/.Google Scholar

Rahmati, M., Hyman, D. A., Black, B., Liu, J., & Silver, S. (2018). Screening plaintiffs and selecting defendants in medical malpractice litigation: Evidence from Illinois and Indiana. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 15, 41–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12173.Google Scholar

Reed, K., Hans, V. P., & Reyna, V. F. (2019). Accounting for awards: An examination of juror reasoning behind pain and suffering damage award decisions. Denver Law Review, 96, 841–867.Google Scholar

Relis, T. (2009). Perceptions in litigation and mediation: Lawyers, defendants, plaintiffs, and gendered parties. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Restatement (Third) of Torts: Physical and Emotional Harms (2010). American Law Institute.Google Scholar

Robbennolt, J. K. (2000). Outcome severity and judgments of “responsibility”: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 2575–2609. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02451.x.Google Scholar

Robbennolt, J. K. (2003). Apologies and legal settlement. Michigan Law Review, 102, 460–516.Google Scholar

Robbennolt, J. K. (2006). Apologies and settlement levers. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 3(2), 333–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-1461.2006.00072.x.Google Scholar

Robbennolt, J. K. (2008). Attorneys, apologies, and settlement negotiation. Harvard Negotiation Law Review, 13, 349–398.Google Scholar

Robbennolt, J. K. (2014). Litigation and settlement. In Zamir, E. & Teichman, D. (Eds.), Handbook on behavioral economics and the law (pp. 623–642). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Robbennolt, J. K., & Eisenberg, T. (2017). Juries compared with what? The need for a baseline and attention to real-world complexity. In Kovera, M. B. (Ed.), The psychology of juries (pp. 109–129). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000026-006.Google Scholar

Robbennolt, J. K., & Hans, V. P. (2016). The psychology of tort law. New York University Press.Google Scholar

Robbennolt, J. K. & Sternlight, J. R. (2021). Psychology for lawyers: Understanding the human factors in negotiation, litigation, and decision making (2nd ed.). American Bar Association.Google Scholar

Robinson, P. H., & Darley, J. M. (1995). Justice, liability, and blame: Community views and the criminal law. Westview Press.Google Scholar

Saks, M. J. (1992). Do we really know anything about the behavior of the tort litigation system – and why not? University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 140, 1147–1292. https://doi.org/10.2307/3312403.Google Scholar

Saks, M. J., Hollinger, L. A., Wissler, R. L., Evans, D. L., & Hart, A. J. (1997). Reducing variability in civil jury awards. Law and Human Behavior, 21(3), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024834614312.Google Scholar

Sanders, J., Kugler, M. B., Solan, L. M., & Darley, J. M. (2014). Must torts be wrongs? An empirical perspective. Wake Forest Law Review, 49, 1–45.Google Scholar

Scott v. Harris, 550 US 372 (2007).Google Scholar

Sevier, J. (2017). Vicarious windfalls. Iowa Law Review, 102, 651–707. https://ilr.law.uiowa.edu/print/volume-102-issue-2/vicarious-windfalls/.Google Scholar

Tobia, K. P. (2018). How people judge what is reasonable. Alabama Law Review, 70, 293–359. www.law.ua.edu/lawreview/files/2018/12/1-Tobia-293-359.pdf.Google Scholar

Tyler, T. R. (2006). Why people obey the law: Procedural justice, legitimacy, and compliance. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Tyler, T. R. (2015). The psychology of aggregation: Promise and potential pitfalls. DePaul Law Review, 64, 711–736. https://via.library.depaul.edu/law-review/vol64/iss2/20/.Google Scholar

Vidmar, N. & Schuller, R. A. (1987). Individual differences and the pursuit of legal rights: A preliminary inquiry. Law and Human Behavior, 11, 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01044743.Google Scholar

Wiener, R. L., Gaborit, M., Pritchard, C. C., et al. (1994). Counterfactual thinking in mock juror assessments of negligence: A preliminary investigation. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 12, 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370120108.Google Scholar

Wilking, E. (2022). Independent contractors in law and in fact: Evidence from US tax returns. Northwestern University Law Review, 117(3), 731–820.Google Scholar

Williams, M. S., & Cantone, J. A. (2020). An empirical evaluation of proposed civil rules for multidistrict litigation. Georgia Law Review, 55, 221–286. www.georgialawreview.org/article/18635-an-empirical-evaluation-of-proposed-civil-rules-for-multidistrict-litigation.Google Scholar

Witman, A. B., Park, D. M., & Hardin, S. B. (1996). How do patients want physicians to handle mistakes? Archives of Internal Medicine, 156, 2565–2569. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1996.00440210083008.Google Scholar

Adoption and Safe Families Act, P. L. 105–89 (1997).Google Scholar

Ballou, M., Barry, J., Billingham, K., et al. (2001). Psychological model for judicial decision making in emergency or temporary child placement. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71(4), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.71.4.416.Google Scholar

Brady v. United States, 397 US 742 (1970).Google Scholar

Brank, E. M., Williams, A. L., Weisz, V., & Ray, R. E. (2001). Parental compliance: Its role in termination of parental rights cases. Nebraska Law Review, 80, 335.Google Scholar

Britner, P. A., & Mossler, D. G. (2002). Professionals’ decision-making about out-of-home placements following instances of child abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 26, 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00311-3.Google Scholar

Buffington, K., Dierkhising, C. B., & Marsh, S. C. (2010). Ten things every juvenile court judge should know about trauma and delinquency. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 61(3), 13–23.Google Scholar

Cabell, J. J., & Marsh, S. C. (2020). Swing and a miss: Reflections on the “voluntariness” of pleas in juvenile court. Children and Youth Services Review, 117, Article 105300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105300.Google Scholar

Children’s Bureau. (2021). The AFCARS report: Preliminary FY 2020 estimates as of October 4, 2021, No 28. US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau.Google Scholar

Czaja, A. S. (2016). Children are not just little adults … Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 17(2), 178–180. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000000597.Google Scholar

Dierkhising, C. B., Ko, S. J., Woods-Jaeger, B., et al. (2013). Trauma histories among justice-involved youth: Findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 4, Article 20274. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.20274.Google Scholar

Dishion, T. J. & Tipsord, J. M. (2011). Peer contagion in child and adolescent social and emotional development. Annual Review of Psychology, 62(1), 189–214. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100412.Google Scholar

Doyle, Jr., J. J. (2007). Child protection and child outcomes: Measuring the effects of foster care. The American Economic Review, 97(5), 1583–1610. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.5.1583.Google Scholar

Edwards, C. & Miller, M. K. (2019). An assessment of judges’ self‐reported experiences of secondary traumatic stress. Juvenile & Family Court Journal, 70(2), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfcj.12134.Google Scholar

Edwards, L. P. (1992). The juvenile court and the role of the juvenile court judge. Juvenile & Family Court Journal, 43(2), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1992.tb00721.x.Google Scholar

Edwards, L. P. (2005). The role of the juvenile court judge revisited. Juvenile & Family Court Journal, 56(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.2005.tb00101.x.Google Scholar

Feld, B. C. (2017). The evolution of the juvenile court: Race, politics, and the criminalizing of juvenile justice. NYU Press.Google Scholar

Felthous, A. R. (2011). Commentary: Competence to stand trial in juveniles and the judgment model. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 39(3), 327–331.Google Scholar

Festinger, T., & Pratt, R. (2002). Speeding adoptions: An evaluation of the effects of judicial continuity. Social Work Research, 26(4), 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/26.4.217.Google Scholar

Fraidin, M. I. (2013). Decision-making in dependency court: Heuristics, cognitive biases, and accountability. Cleveland State Law Review, 60, 913–974. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2358602.Google Scholar

Gatowski, S., Miller, N., Rubin, S., Escher, P., & Maze, C. (2016). Enhanced resource guidelines: Improving court practice in child abuse and neglect cases. National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges.Google Scholar

Gonzalez, C., & Summers, A. (2014). Assessing the long-term effects of courts catalyzing change preliminary protective hearing benchcard. National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges.Google Scholar

Guthrie, C., Rachlinski, J. J., & Wistrich, A. J., (2007). Blinking on the bench: How judges decide cases. Cornell Law Review, 93, 1-44.Google Scholar

Hahn, R., McGowan, A., Liberman, A., et al. (2007). Effects on violence of laws and policies facilitating the transfer of youth from the juvenile to the adult justice system: A report on recommendations of the task force on community preventive services. MMWR, Recommendations and Reports, 56(9), 1–11.Google Scholar

Hockenberry, S., & Puzzanchera, C. (2020). Juvenile court statistics 2018. National Center for Juvenile Justice.Google Scholar

Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Eichelsheim, V. I., et al. (2009). The relationship between parenting and delinquency: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 749–775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9310-8.Google Scholar

Hielbrun, K., DeMatteo, D., & Goldstein, N. (2014). APA Handbook of psychology and juvenile justice. American Psychological Association.Google Scholar

James v. Supreme Court, 77 Cal.App.3d 169 (1978).Google Scholar

Karatekin, C., Gehrman, R., & Lawler, J. (2014). A study of maltreated children and their families in juvenile court. III. Case Plans. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 65(3–4), 47–66.Google Scholar

Kerig, P. (2018). Polyvictimization and girls’ involvement in the juvenile justice system: Investigating gender-differentiated patterns of risk, recidivism, and resilience. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(5), 789–809. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517744843.Google Scholar

Knoche, V., Marsh, S. C., & Skinner-Ling, T. (2022). Exploring juvenile court outcomes as a function of judge-youth characteristics and interactions. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 73(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfcj.12213.Google Scholar

Lam, C. M. (2012). Prosocial involvement as a positive youth development construct: A conceptual review. The Scientific World Journal, Article ID# 769158. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/769158.Google Scholar

Lu, Y. E., Landsverk, J., Ellis-Macleod, E., et al. (2004). Race, ethnicity, and case outcomes in child protective services. Children and Youth Services Review, 26, 447–461. www.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2004.02.002.Google Scholar

Lund, T. R., & Renne, J. (2009). Child safety: A guide for judges and attorneys. American Bar Association.Google Scholar

Macgill, S., & Summers, A. (2014). Assessing the relationship between the quality of juvenile dependency hearings and foster care placements. Family Court Review, 52(4), 678–685. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12120.Google Scholar

Marsh, S. C., & Byer, J. (2013). Toward a conceptual framework for trauma-responsive practice in courts. Criminal Law Practitioner, 1(1), 101–103.Google Scholar

May, J. G., (2015). Decision-making processes of judges in family court: An investigation of salient features relating to termination of parental rights hearings. Doctoral dissertation. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3141.Google Scholar

McGaha, A., Otto, R. K., McClaren, M. D., & Petrila, J. (2001). Juveniles adjudicated incompetent to proceed: A descriptive study of Florida’s competence restoration program. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 29, 427–437.Google Scholar

Meyer, A. S., McWey, L. M., McKendrick, W., & Henderson, T. L. (2010). Substance using parents, foster care, and termination of parental rights: The importance of risk factors for legal outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(5), 639–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.12.011.Google Scholar

Miller, M. K., Reichert, J., Bornstein, B. H., & Shulman, G. (2018). Judicial stress: The roles of gender and social support. Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law, 25(4), 602–618. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2018.1469436.Google Scholar

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges [NCJFCJ]. (2011). Right from the start: The CCC preliminary protective hearing benchcard study report. National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges.Google Scholar

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. (2018). Enhanced juvenile justice guidelines: Improving court practice in juvenile justice cases. www.ncjfcj.org/publications/enhanced-juvenile-justice-guidelines/.Google Scholar

Nolan, M. (2015). Extralegal factors important to judges’ decisions in child abuse custody cases. Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1203.Google Scholar

Puzzanchera, C., Adams, B., & Sickmund, M. (2011). Juvenile Court Statistics 2008. National Center for Juvenile Justice.Google Scholar

Redding, R., & Frost, L. (2001). Adjudicative competence in the modern juvenile court. Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law, 9, 353–410. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/law_articles/636.Google Scholar

Redlich, A. D., Zottoli, T., & Daftary-Kapur, T. (2019). Juvenile justice and plea bargaining. In Edkins, V. A., & Redlich, A. D. (Eds.). A system of pleas: Social science’s contributions to the real legal system (pp. 107–131). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190689247.003.0007.Google Scholar

Rovner, J. (2016). How tough on crime became tough on kids: Prosecuting teenage drug charges in adult court. The Sentencing Project.Google Scholar

Russell, J., & Summers, A. (2013). Reflective decision-making and foster care placements. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 19(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031582.Google Scholar

Ryon, S. B., Early, K. W., Hand, G. & Chapman, S. (2013). Juvenile justice interventions: System escalation and effective alternatives to residential placement. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 52(5), 358–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2013.801385.Google Scholar

Sankaran, V., Church, C., & Mitchell, M. (2019). A cure worse than the disease? The impact of removal on children and their families. Marquette Law Review, 102(4), 1161–1194.Google Scholar

Sicafuse, L. L., Wood, S. M., Summers, A., & DeVault, A. (2015). Evaluating the child abuse and neglect institute: Does training affect decision-making? Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 66(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfcj.12023.Google Scholar

Siegel, G., & Hurst, H. (2020). An initial study of the second judicial district court’s (Washoe County, NV) Project ONE Program. National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges.Google Scholar

Summers, A. (2017). Exploring the relationship between hearing quality and case outcomes in New York. New York State Unified Court System Child Welfare Improvement Project.Google Scholar

Summers, A., & Gatowski, S. (2018). Nevada hearing quality study: Examining the quality of child welfare court hearing practice in Nevada. Administrative Office of the Courts, Nevada Court Improvement Program.Google Scholar

Summers, A., Gatowski, S., & DeVault, A. (2016). Research Report: Child abuse and neglect institute evaluation: Training impact on hearing practice. National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges.Google Scholar

Summers, A., Gatowski, S., & Dobbin, S. (2012). Terminating parental rights: The relation of judicial experience and expectancy-related factors to risk perceptions in child protection cases. Psychology, Crime & Law, 18(1), 95–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2011.589388.Google Scholar

Summers, A., & Shdaimah, C. (2013). Improving juvenile dependency case timelines through use of the One Family, One Judge Model. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 64(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfcj.12001.Google Scholar

US Government Accountability Office. (2007). African-American children in foster care: Additional HHS assistance needed to help states reduce the proportion in care (GAO-07-816). www.gao.gov/products/GAO-07-816.Google Scholar

Warren, J. I., DuVal, J., Komarovskaya, I., et al. (2009). Developing a forensic service delivery system for juveniles adjudicated incompetent to stand trial. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 8(4), 245–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/14999011003635670.Google Scholar

Wood, S., Russell, J., Macgill, S., & Summers, A. (2014). The effects of judicial personnel on hearing and outcome timeliness in juvenile dependency cases. Family Court Journal, 52(1), 90–99. http://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12072.Google Scholar

Yi, Y., Edwards, F. R., & Wildeman, C. (2020). Cumulative prevalence of confirmed maltreatment and foster care placements for US children by race/ethnicity, 2011–2016. American Journal of Public Health, 110, 704–709. www.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305554.Google Scholar

Zill, N. (2011). Adoption from foster care: Aiding children while saving public money. Brookings Center on Children and Families.Google Scholar

Zinn, A., & Orlebeke, B. (2017). Juvenile court judicial expertise and children’s permanency outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 77, 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.03.011.Google Scholar

Ansolabehere, S., De Figueiredo, J. M., & Snyder Jr, J. M. (2003). Why is there so little money in US politics? Journal of Economic perspectives, 17(1), 105–130. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533003321164976.Google Scholar

Arceneaux, K., Johnson, M., Lindstädt, R., & Vander Wielen, R.J. (2016). The influence of news media on political elites: Investigating strategic responsiveness in Congress. American Journal of Political Science, 60(1), 5–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12171.Google Scholar

Arnold, L. W., Deen, R. E., & Patterson, S. C. (2000). Friendship and votes: The impact of interpersonal ties on legislative decision making. State and Local Government Review, 32(2), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X0003200206.Google Scholar

Banerjee, T., & Murray, J. (2021). Class dominance or fracturing? Sources of broad interest in lobbying by Fortune 500 corporations. Sociological Perspectives, 64(2), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121420921883.Google Scholar

Barnello, M. A. (1999). Gender and roll call voting in the New York state assembly. Women & Politics, 20(4), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1300/J014v20n04_04.Google Scholar

Baumgartner, F. R., & Leech, B. L. (1998). Basic interests: The importance of groups in politics and in political science. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Bergan, D. E., & Cole, R. T. (2015). Call your legislator: A field experimental study of the impact of a constituency mobilization campaign on legislative voting. Political Behavior, 37(1), 27–42. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43653416.Google Scholar

Broockman, D. E., & Skovron, C. (2019). Bias in perceptions of public opinion among political elites. American Political Science Review, 112(3), 542–563. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000011.Google Scholar

Burkett, T. L. (1997). Cosponsorship in the United States Senate: A network analysis of Senate communication and leadership, 1973–1990. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Carolina.Google Scholar

Burstein, P. (1998). Bringing the public back in: Should sociologists consider the impact of public opinion on public policy? Social Forces, 77(1), 27–62. https://doi.org/10.2307/3006009.Google Scholar

Burstein, P. (2003). The impact of public opinion on public policy: A review and an agenda. Political Research Quarterly, 56(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/3219881.Google Scholar

Burstein, P. (2006). Why estimates of the impact of public opinion policy are too high: Empirical and theoretical implications. Social Forces, 84(4), 2273–2289. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3844500.Google Scholar

Calvo, E., & Murillo, M. V. (2004). Who delivers? Partisan clients in the Argentine electoral market. American Journal of Political Science, 48(4), 742–757. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00099.x.Google Scholar

Cardoso, E., & Helwege, A. (1991). Populism, profligacy, and redistribution. In Dornbusch, R & Edwards, S, The macroeconomics of populism in Latin America (pp. 45–74). University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Carmichael, J. T., & Brulle, R. J. (2017). Elite cues, media coverage, and public concern: an integrated path analysis of public opinion on climate change, 2001–2013. Environmental Politics, 26(2), 232–252. http://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2016.1263433.Google Scholar

Conniff, M. L. (2020). A historiography of populism and neopopulism in Latin America. History Compass, 18(9), e12621. https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12621.Google Scholar

Dahl, R. A. (1961). Who governs? Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Dahl, R. A. (1978). Pluralism revisited. Comparative Politics, 10(2), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.2307/421645.Google Scholar

De Blasio, E., & Sorice, M. (2018). Populism between direct democracy and the technological myth. Palgrave Communications, 4(15). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-018-0067-y.Google Scholar

De la Torre, C. (2010). Populist seduction in Latin America. Ohio University Press.Google Scholar

Domhoff, G. W. (2014). Who rules America? The triumph of the corporate rich. McGraw-Hill Education.Google Scholar

Dreher, A., & Gassebner, M. (2013). Greasing the wheels? The impact of regulations and corruption on firm entry. Public Choice, 155(3), 413–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-011-9871-2.Google Scholar

Druckman, J. N., Peterson, E., & Slothuus, R. (2013). How elite polarization affects public opinion formation. American Political Science Review, 107(1), 57–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000500.Google Scholar

Felmlee, D. & Faris, R. (2013). Interaction in social networks. In DeLamater, J. & Ward, A. (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (2nd ed.; pp. 465–490). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0_15.Google Scholar

Gilens, M., & Page, B. I. (2014). Testing theories of American politics: Elites, interest groups and average citizens. Perspectives on Politics, 12(3), 564–581. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592714001595.Google Scholar

Gonzalez-Ocantos, E., & Oliveros, V. (2019). Clientelism in Latin American politics. Oxford research encyclopedia of politics. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1677.Google Scholar

Hall, R. L., & Wayman, F. W. (1990). Buying time: Moneyed interests and the mobilization of bias in congressional committees. American Political Science Review, 84(3), 797–820. https://doi.org/10.2307/1962767.Google Scholar

Heerwig, J. A., & Murray, J. (2019). The political strategies and unity of the American corporate inner circle: Evidence from political donations, 1982–2000. Social Problems, 66(4), 580-608. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spy014.Google Scholar

Hertel-Fernandez, A., Mildenberger, A., & Stokes, L. C. (2019). Legislative staff and representation in Congress. American Political Science Review, 113(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000606.Google Scholar

Hunter, F. (1953). Community power structure: A study of decision makers. University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Huntington, S. P. (1968). Political order in changing societies. Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Jackson, J. E., & Kingdon, J. W. (1992). Ideology, interest group scores, and legislative votes. American Journal of Political Science, 36(3), 805–823. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111592.Google Scholar

Johnston, M. (2005). Syndromes of corruption: Wealth, power, and democracy. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Kalaf-Hughes, N., & Kear, A. R. (2018). Framed for compromise? The role of bill framing in state legislative behavior on natural gas policy. The Policy Studies Journal, 46(3), 598–628. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12208.Google Scholar

Kalla, J. L., & Broockman, D. E. (2016). Campaign contributions facilitate access to Congressional officials: A randomized field experiment. American Journal of Political Science, 60(3), 545–558. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24877480.Google Scholar

Knight, A. (1998). Populism and neo-populism in Latin America, especially Mexico. Journal of Latin American Studies, 30(2), 223–248. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X98005033.Google Scholar

Leff, N. H. (1964). Economic development through bureaucratic corruption. American Behavioral Scientist, 8(3), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/000276426400800303.Google Scholar

Leys, C. (1965). What is the problem about corruption? The Journal of Modern African Studies, 3(2), 215–230. http://www.jstor.org/stable/158703.Google Scholar

Manzetti, L., & Wilson, C. J. (2007). Why do corrupt governments maintain public support? Comparative Political Studies, 40(8), 949–970. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414005285759.Google Scholar

Méon, P. G., & Sekkat, K. (2005). Does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Public Choice, 122(1–2), 69–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-3988-0.Google Scholar

Méon, P. G., & Weill, L. (2010). Is corruption an efficient grease? World Development, 38(3), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.004.Google Scholar

Miliband, R. (1969). The state in capitalist society. Basic Books.Google Scholar

Mills, C. W. (1956). The power elite. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Monroe, A. D. (1979). Consistency between public preferences and national policy decisions. American Politics Research, 7(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X7900700101.Google Scholar

Nakatani, Y. (2018). Global syndrome of neopopulism: A symptom of authoritarian reaction in the era of “after globalization.” Ritsumeikan Law Review, 36, 75–93. www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/law/lex/rlr36/006nakataniyoshikazu.pdf.Google Scholar

Page, B. I., & Shapiro, R. Y. (1983). Effects of public opinion on policy. The American Political Science Review, 77(1), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.2307/1956018.Google Scholar

Peoples, C. D. (2008). Interlegislator relations and policy making: A sociological study of roll-call voting in a state legislature. Sociological Forum, 23(3), 455–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2008.00086.x.Google Scholar

Peoples, C. D. (2009). Reviving power structure research: Present problems, their solutions and future directions. Political Power and Social Theory, 20, 3–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0198-8719(2009)0000020007.Google Scholar

Peoples, C. D. (2010). Contributor influence in congress: Social ties and PAC effects on US house policymaking. The Sociological Quarterly, 51(4), 649–677. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2010.01187.x.Google Scholar

Peoples, C. D. (2020). The undermining of American democracy: How campaign contributions corrupt our system and harm us all. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429324802.Google Scholar

Peoples, C. D., & Gortari, M. (2008). The impact of campaign contributions on policymaking in the US and Canada: Theoretical and public policy implications. Politics and Public Policy, 17, 43–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-9935(08)17003-6.Google Scholar

Poelmans, E., Dove, J. A., & Taylor, J. E. (2018). The politics of beer: Analysis of the congressional votes on the beer bill of 1933. Public Choice, 174, 81–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-017-0493-1.Google Scholar

Polsby, N. W. (1960). How to study community power: The pluralist alternative. Journal of Politics, 22(3), 474–484. https://doi.org/10.2307/2126892.Google Scholar

Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (1985). A spatial model for legislative roll call analysis. American Journal of Political Science, 29(2), 357–384. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111172.Google Scholar

Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (1991). Patterns of congressional voting. American Journal of Political Science, 35(1), 228–278. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111445.Google Scholar

Poulantzas, N. (1974). Political power and social classes. New Left Books.Google Scholar

Powell, L. W. (2012). The influence of campaign contributions in state legislatures: the effects of institutions and politics. University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

Riker, W. H. (1986). The art of political manipulation. Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Roberts, K. M. (1995). Neoliberalism and the transformation of populism in Latin America: The Peruvian case. World Politics, 48(1), 82–116. https://doi.org/10.1353/wp.1995.0004.Google Scholar

Roscoe, D. D., & Jenkins, S. (2005). A meta-analysis of campaign contributions’ impact on roll call voting. Social Science Quarterly, 86(1), 52–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0038-4941.2005.00290.x.Google Scholar

Schattschneider, E. E. (1960). The semi-sovereign people: A realist’s view of democracy in America. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar

Schneider, J. E. (1979). Ideological coalitions in congress. Greenwood Press.Google Scholar

Segal, E. A., & Brzuzy, S. (1995). Gender and congressional voting: A legislative analysis. Affilia, 10(1), 8–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/088610999501000103.Google Scholar

Shor, B. (2018). Ideology, party, and opinion: Explaining legislator ACA implementation votes in the states. State Politics & Policy Quarterly, 18(4), 371–394. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532440018786734.Google Scholar

Skocpol, T. (1980). Political response to capitalist crisis: Neo-Marxist theories of the state and the case of the New Deal. Politics and Society, 10(2), 155–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/003232928001000202.Google Scholar

Stokes, S. (2005). Perverse accountability: A formal model of machine politics with evidence from Argentina. American Political Science Review, 99(3), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055405051683.Google Scholar

Stratmann, T. (2005). Some talk: Money in politics. A (partial) review of the literature. In Shughart, W. F. & Tollison, R. D. (Eds.), Policy challenges and political responses (pp. 135—156). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28038-3_8.Google Scholar

Thomas, S. (1989). Voting patterns in the California assembly: Role and gender. Women & Politics, 9(4), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1300/J014v09n04_03.Google Scholar

Thomson, A. (2004). An introduction to African politics (pp. 107–128). Taylor & Francis Group.Google Scholar

U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre. (n.d.). Glossary: Clientelism. www.u4.no/terms#clientelism.Google Scholar

Weber, M. (1922). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology. University of California Press.Google Scholar

Weisberg, H. F. (1978). Evaluating theories of congressional roll-call voting. American Journal of Political Science, 22(3), 554–577. https://doi.org/10.2307/2110461.Google Scholar

Weyland, K. (1999). Neoliberal populism in Latin America and eastern Europe. Comparative Politics, 31(4), 379–401. https://doi.org/10.2307/422236.Google Scholar

Weyland, K. (2003). Neopopulism and neoliberalism in Latin America: How much affinity? Third World Quarterly, 24(6), 1095–1115. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3993445.Google Scholar

Wright, S. D. (2000). The Tennessee black caucus of state legislators. Journal of Black Studies, 31(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/002193470003100101.Google Scholar

American Arbitration Association. (2021). ADR Rules. American Arbitration Association. www.adr.org/Rules.Google Scholar

Arad, S., & Carnevale, P. J. (1994). Partisanship effects in judgments of fairness and trust in third parties in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 38(3), 423–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002794038003004.Google Scholar

Arrow, K., Mnookin, R., Ross, L., Tversky, A., & Wilson, R. (Eds.). (1995). Barriers to conflict resolution. W.W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar

Ashenfelter, O., Bloom, D., & Dahl, G. (2013, February). Lawyers as agents of the devil in a prisoner’s dilemma game: Evidence from long run play. (NBER Working Paper No. w18834). https://doi.org/10.3386/w18834.Google Scholar

Berman, G. (1995). Facilitated negotiation: An effective ADR technique. Dispute Resolution Journal, 50(2), 18–29.Google Scholar

Best, A., & Andreasen, A. R. (1977). Consumer response to unsatisfactory purchases: Survey of perceiving defects, voicing complaints, and obtaining redress. Law & Society Review, 11(4), 701–744. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053179.Google Scholar

Beverland, M. B., Chung, E., & Kates, S. M. (2009). Exploring consumers’ conflict styles: Grudges and forgiveness following marketer failure. Advances in Consumer Research, 36, 438–443.Google Scholar

Brett, J., & Thompson, L. (2016). Negotiation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 136, 68–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.06.003.Google Scholar

Bush, R., & Folger, J. (1994). The promise of mediation: Responding to conflict through empowerment and recognition. Wiley.Google Scholar

Bush, R., & Folger, J. (2004). The promise of mediation: The transformative approach to conflict. Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar

Cheung, S. O. (1999). Critical factors affecting the use of alternative dispute resolution processes in construction. International Journal of Project Management, 17(3), 189–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(98)00027-1.Google Scholar

Cheung, S. O., Li, K., & Chow, O. Y. (2020). Reactive devaluation as a psychological impediment to construction dispute negotiation. Journal of Management in Engineering, 36(4), 04020025–1. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000787.Google Scholar

Cobb, S. (2013). Speaking of violence: The politics and poetics of narrative in conflict resolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199826209.001.0001.Google Scholar

Cohen, D., Nisbett, R. E., Bowdle, B. F., & Schwarz, N. (1996). Insult, aggression, and the southern culture of honor: An “experimental ethnography.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 945–960. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.70.5.945Google Scholar

Cole, S. (2001). Uniform arbitration: “One size fits all” does not fit. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 16(3), 759–789.Google Scholar

Cominelli, L., & Lucchiari, C. (2017). Italian mediators in action: The impact of style and attitude. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 35(2), 223–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21206.Google Scholar

Conklin, C. N. (2016). Beyond the FAA: Arbitration procedure, practice, and policy in historical perspective. Journal of Dispute Resolution, 16(1), 1–5.Google Scholar

de Dreu, C. K., Koole, S. L., & Steinel, W. (2000). Unfixing the fixed pie: A motivated information-processing approach to integrative negotiation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 975–987. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.975.Google Scholar

Deutsch, M. (1995). William James: The first peace psychologist. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 1(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac0101_5.Google Scholar

Eisenberg, T., & Lanvers, C. (2009). What is the settlement rate and why should we care? Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 6(1), 111–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-1461.2009.01139.x.Google Scholar

Ending Forced Arbitration of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Act of 2021, H.R. 4445, 117th Cong. (2022). www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4445.Google Scholar

Fisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, B. (2011). Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in. Penguin Books.Google Scholar

Fiss, O. (1984). Against settlement. Yale Law Journal, 93(6), 1073–1090. https://doi.org/10.2307/796205.Google Scholar

Frenkel, D. & Stark, J. (2015). Improving lawyers’ judgment: Is mediation training de-biasing? Harvard Negotiation Law Review, 21, 1–58.Google Scholar

Friend, W., & Malhotra, D. (2019). Psychological barriers to resolving intergroup conflict: An extensive review and consolidation of the literature. Negotiation Journal, 35(4), 407–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/nejo.12299.Google Scholar

Gilson, R. (1984). Value creation by business lawyers: Legal skills and asset pricing. Yale Law Journal, 94(2), 239–313. https://doi.org/10.2307/796226.Google Scholar

Golann, D. (2013). Sharing a mediator’s powers: Effective advocacy in settlement. American Bar Association.Google Scholar

Goldberg, S. (2004). Let’s arbitrate a deal. Dispute Resolution Magazine, 11(27), 27–28.Google Scholar

Goldfien, J. H., & Robbennolt, J. K. (2007). What if the lawyers have their way? An empirical assessment of conflict strategies and attitudes toward mediation styles. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 22(2), 277–319. https://doi.org/1811/77125.Google Scholar

Gunther, A. C., & Schmitt, K. (2004). Mapping boundaries of the hostile media effect. Journal of Communication, 54(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02613.x.Google Scholar

Guthrie, C. (2003). Panacea or Pandora’s box? The costs of options in negotiation. Iowa Law Review, 88(3), 601–653.Google Scholar

Hamilton, K. (2009). Consumer decision making in low‐income families: The case of conflict avoidance. Journal of Consumer Behaviour: An International Research Review, 8(5), 252–267. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.285.Google Scholar

Hansen, G. J., & Kim, H. (2011). Is the media biased against me? A meta-analysis of the hostile media effect research. Communication Research Reports, 28(2), 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2011.565280.Google Scholar

Harth, N. S., & Shnabel, N. (2015). Third-party intervention in intergroup reconciliation: The role of neutrality and common identity with the other conflict party. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 18(5), 676–695. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430215583151.Google Scholar

Hastorf, A. H., & Cantril, H. (1954). They saw a game; a case study. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49(1), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0057880.Google Scholar

Hollander-Blumoff, R. (2010). Just negotiation. Washington University Law Review, 88, 381–431.Google Scholar

Holmes, O. W. (1997/1897). The path of the law. Harvard Law Review, 110(5), 991–1009.Google Scholar

Holt, J. L., & DeVore, C. J. (2005). Culture, gender, organizational role, and styles of conflict resolution: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(2), 165–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.06.002.Google Scholar

Islami, H. (2016). Marital conflicts resolution styles. CBU International Conference Proceedings, 4, 569–572. https://doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.815.Google Scholar

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1996). Conflict resolution and peer mediation programs in elementary and secondary schools: A review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 66(4), 459–506. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543066004459.Google Scholar

Kahan, D. M., Hoffman, D. A., Braman, D., Evans, D., & Rachlinski, J. (2012). “They saw a protest”: Cognitive illiberalism and the speech-conduct distinction. Stanford Law Review, 64(4), 851–906.Google Scholar

Kahneman, D. (1992). Reference points, anchors, norms, and mixed feelings. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 51(2), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(92)90015-Y.Google Scholar

Lande, J. (2009). A recent innovation, “cooperative” negotiation can promote early and efficient settlement through joint case management. Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation, 27(7), 117–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/alt.20288.Google Scholar

Leung, K. (1988). Some determinants of conflict avoidance. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 19(1), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002188019001009.Google Scholar

Lord, C. G., Lepper, M. R., & Preston, E. (1984). Considering the opposite: A corrective strategy for social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(6), 1231–1243. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.47.6.1231.Google Scholar

Maoz, I., Ward, A., Katz, M., & Ross, L. (2002). Reactive devaluation of an “Israeli” vs. “Palestinian” peace proposal. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 46(4), 515–546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002702046004003.Google Scholar

Melnikoff, D. E., & Strohminger, N. (2020). The automatic influence of advocacy on lawyers and novices. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(12), 1258–1264. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-00943-3.Google Scholar

Menkel-Meadow, C. (2001). Aha? Is creativity possible in legal problem solving and teachable in legal education? Harvard Negotiation Law Review, 6, 97–144.Google Scholar

Menkel-Meadow, C. (2002). The lawyer as consensus builder: Ethics for a new practice. Tennessee Law Review, 70(1), 63–119.Google Scholar

Mnookin, R. (1993). Why negotiations fail: An exploration of barriers to the resolution of conflict. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 8(2), 235–249.Google Scholar

Mnookin, R. & Gilson, R. (1994). Disputing through agents: Cooperation and conflict between lawyers in litigation. Columbia Law Review, 94(2), 509–566. https://doi.org/10.2307/1123202.Google Scholar

Mnookin, R. & Kornhauser, L. (1979). Bargaining in the shadow of the law: The case of divorce. Yale Law Journal, 88(5), 950–997. https://doi.org/10.2307/795824.Google Scholar

Mnookin, R., Peppet, S., & Tulumello, D. (2000). Beyond winning: Negotiating to create value in deals and disputes. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Moffitt, M. (1997). Casting light on the black box of mediation: Should mediators make their conduct more transparent? Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 13(1), 1–49.Google Scholar

Moffitt, M. (2005). Schmediation and the dimensions of definition. Harvard Negotiation Law Review, 10(69), 69–102.Google Scholar

Moffitt, M. (2010). Islands, vitamins, salt, germs: Four visions of the future of ADR in law schools (and a data-driven snapshot of the field today). Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 25(1), 25–85.Google Scholar

Moffitt, M. (2019). Settlement malpractice. University of Chicago Law Review, 86(7), 1825–1900.Google Scholar

Mosten, F. (2008). Collaborative law practice: An unbundled approach to informed client decision making. Journal of Dispute Resolution, 2008(1), 163–190.Google Scholar

Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175.Google Scholar

Nicotera, A. M. (2021). Nursing and conflict communication: A review. Nursing Communication, 1(1), 60–79.Google Scholar

Nussbaum, L. (2016). Mediation as regulation: Expanding state governance over private disputes. Utah Law Review, 2016(2), 361–415.Google Scholar