The end of the nineteenth century heralds in the age of nationalism, national unification (e.g. Italy and Germany), colonialism and globalization. A fifth generation of imperial constitutions accommodate this by pooling government power through mass-political organization, an increase in parliamentary competence and party-political organisation, thus increasing inclusivity. Throughout Europe, as Chris Thornhill writes, the imperial period brought both an extension of national franchises and a correlated consolidation of domestic statehood