Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2024-05-21T02:31:01.195Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - Sociality in Termites

from Part I - Invertebrates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2017

Dustin R. Rubenstein
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York
Patrick Abbot
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abe, T. (1987) Evolution of life types in termites. In: Kawano, S., Connell, J. H., & Hidaka, T. (eds.) Evolution and Coadaptation in Biotic Communities. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, pp. 125148.Google Scholar
Abensperg-Traun, M. & Steven, D. (1997) Latitudinal gradients in the species richness of Australian termites (Isoptera). Australian Journal of Ecology, 22, 471476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, E. S. & Atkinson, L. (2007) Queen fecundity and reproductive skew in the termite Nasutitermes corniger. Insectes Sociaux, 55, 2836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1974) The evolution of social behavior. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics, 5, 325383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, R. D., Noonan, K. M., & Crespi, B. J. (1991) The evolution of eusociality. In: Sherman, P. W., Jarvis, J. U. M., & Alexander, R. D. (eds.) The Biology of the Naked Mole-rat. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, pp. 344.Google Scholar
Abensperg Traun, M. & Steven, D. (1997) Latitudinal gradients in the species richness of Australian termites (Isoptera). Austral Ecology, 22, 471476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, L. & Adams, E. S. (1997) The origins and relatedness of multiple reproductives in colonies of the termite Nasutitermes corniger. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 264, 11311136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baudisch, A. (2005) Hamilton’s indicators of the force of selection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 102, 82638268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bagnères, A.-G. & Hanus, R. (2015) Communication and social regulation in termites. In: Aquiloni, L. & Tricarico, E. (eds.) Social Regulation in Invertebrates. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 193248.Google Scholar
Bignell, D. E. & Eggleton, P. (2000) Termites in ecosystems. In: Abe, T., Bignell, D. E. & Higashi, M. (eds.) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbiosis and Ecology. Dordrecht, NL: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 363387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bordereau, C. & Pasteels, J. M. (2011) Pheromones and chemical ecology of dispersal and foraging in termites. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 279320.Google Scholar
Bouillon, A. (1970) Termites of the Ethiopian region. In: Krishna, K. & Weesner, F. M. (eds.) Biology of Termites II. New York: New York Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bourguignon, T., Leponce, M., & Roisin, Y. (2009) Insights into the termite assemblage of a neotropical rainforest from the spatio-temporal distribution of flying alates. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2, 153162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourguignon, T., Hayashi, Y., & Miura, T. (2012) Skewed soldier sex ratio in termites: Testing the size-threshold hypothesis. Insectes Sociaux, 59, 557563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brauman, A., Bignell, D. E., & Tayasu, I. (2000) Soil-feeding termites: Biology, microbial associations and digestive mechanisms. In: Abe, T., Bignell, D. E., & Higashi, M. (eds.) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, pp. 233259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brent, C. S. (2009) Control of termite caste differentiation. In: Gadau, J. & Fewell, J. H. (eds.) Organization of Insect Societies. From Genome to Sociocomplexity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 105127.Google Scholar
Brune, A. & Ohkuma, M. (2011) Role of the termite gut microbiota in symbiotic digestion. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 439476.Google Scholar
Bulmer, M. S., Eldridge, A. S., & Traniello, J. F. (2001) Variation in colony structure in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 49, 236243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clément, J.-L. & Bagnères, A.-G. (1998) Nestmate recognition in termites. In: Vander Meer, R. K., Breed, M. D., Winston, M. L., & Espelie, K. (eds.) Pheromone Communication in Social Insects: Ants, Wasps, Bees and Termites. Boulder: Westview Press, pp. 125155.Google Scholar
Cleveland, L. R., Hall, S. K., Sanders, E. P., & Collier, J. (1934) The wood- feeding roach Cryptocercus, its protozoa, and the symbiosis between protozoa and roach. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 17, 185382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, N. M. (1981) Populations, age structure and survivorship of colonies of Macrotermes bellicosus (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae). Journal of Animal Ecology, 50, 293311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crespi, B. J. (1994) Three conditions for the evolution of eusociality: Are they sufficient? Insectes Sociaux, 41, 395400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darlington, J. P. E. C. (1984) A method for sampling for populations of large termite nests. Annals of Applied Biology, 104, 427436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darlington, J. P. E. C. (1990) Populations in nests of the termite Macrotermes subhyalinus in Kenya. Insectes Sociaux, 37, 158168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darlington, J. P. E. C. (1991) Turnover in the populations within mature nests of the termite Macrotermes michaelseni in Kenya. Insectes Sociaux, 38, 251262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darlington, J. P. E. C. & Dransfield, R. D. (1987) Size relationships in nest populations and mound parameters in the termite Macrotermes michaelseni in Kenya. Insectes Sociaux, 34, 165180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darlington, J. P. E. C., Zimmerman, P. R., & Wandiga, S. O. (1992) Populations in nests of the termite Macrotermes jeanneli in Kenya. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 8, 7385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deshmukh, I. (1989). How important are termites in the production ecology of African savannas? Sociobiology, 15, 155168.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. E., Jones, D. T., Sands, W. A., & Al., E. (2000). Morphological phylogenetics of termites (Isoptera). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 70, 467513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dosso, K., Konate, S., Aidara, D., & Linsenmair, K. E. (2010) Termite diversity and abundance across fire-induced habitat variability in a tropical moist savanna (Lamto, Central Côte d’Ivoire). Journal of Tropical Ecology, 26, 323334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggleton, P. (1994) Termites live in a pear-shaped world: A response to platnick. Journal of Natural History, 28, 12091212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggleton, P. (2000) Global patterns of termite diversity. In: Abe, T., Bignell, D. E., & Higashi, M. (eds.) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbiosis and Ecology. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 2551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggleton, P. & Tayasu, I. (2001) Feeding groups, lifetypes and the global ecology of termites. Ecological Research, 16, 941960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggleton, P., Williams, P. H., & Gaston, K. J. (1994) Explaining global termite diversity: Productivity or history? Biodiversity and Conservation, 3, 318330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, M. S., Grimaldi, D. A., & Krishna, K. (2009) Termites (Isoptera): Their phylogeny, classification, and rise to ecological dominance. American Museum Novitates, 3650, 127.Google Scholar
Evans, T. A., Inta, R., Lai, J. C. S., Prueger, S., Foo, N. W., Fu, E. W., & Lenz, M. (2009) Termites eavesdrop to avoid competitors. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 276, 40354041.Google ScholarPubMed
Evans, T. A., Lai, J. C. S., Toledano, E., Mcdowall, L., Rakotonarivo, S., & Lenz, M. (2005) Termites assess wood size by using vibration signals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 102, 37323737.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gay, F. J. & Calaby, J. H. (1970) Termites of the Australian region. In: Krishna, K. & Weesner, F. M. (eds.) Biology of Termites II. New York: Academic Press, pp. 393448.Google Scholar
Gerber, C., Badertscher, S., & Leuthold, R. H. (1988) Polyethism in Macrotermes bellicosus (Isoptera). Insectes Sociaux, 35, 226240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grandcolas, P. & D’Haese, C. (2004) The origin of a ‘true’ worker caste in termites: Phylogenetic evidence is not decisive. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 15, 885888.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grasse, P. P. (1949) Ordre des Isopteres ou termites. In: Grasse, P. P. (ed.) Traite de Zoologie. Paris: Masson, pp. 408544Google Scholar
Grasse, P. P. (1982) Termitologia: Anatomie-Physiologie-Biologie-Systematique des Termites. Tome I, Paris: Masson.Google Scholar
Grasse, P. P. (1984) Termitologia. Fondation des Societes-Construction. Tome II, Paris: Masson.Google Scholar
Grasse, P. P. (1986) Termitologia. Comportement-Socialité-Écologie-Évolution-Systématique. Tome III, Paris: Masson.Google Scholar
Grasse, P. P. & Noirot, C. (1947) Le polymorphisme social du termite à cou jaune (Kalotermes flavicollis) les faux-ouvriers ou pseudergates et les mues regressives. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, 224, 219221.Google Scholar
Grasse, P. P. & Noirot, C. (1948) La “climatisation” de la termitière par ses habitants et le transport de l’eau. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, 227, 869871.Google Scholar
Grasse, P. P. & Noirot, C. (1951) Nouvelles recherches sur la biologie de divers termites champignonnistes (Macrotermitinae). Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie et Biologie Animale, 11, 13, 291342.Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. & May, R. M. (1977) Dispersal in stable habitats. Nature, 269, 578581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, S. H. & Bordereau, C. (1992) From colony foundation to dispersal flight in a higher fungus-growing termite, Macrotermes subhyalinus, (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae). Sociobiology, 20, 219231.Google Scholar
Hausberger, B., Van Neer, A., Kimpel, D., & Korb, J. (2011) Uncovering cryptic species diversity of a termite community in a West African savanna. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, 964969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haverty, M. I. & Howard, R. W. (1981) Production of soldiers and maintenance of soldier proportions by laboratory experimental groups of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Insectes Sociaux, 28, 3239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haverty, M. I., Page, M., Nelson, L. J., & Blomquist, G. J. (1988) Cuticular hydrocarbons of dampwood termites, Zootermopsis: Intra- and intercolony variation and potential as taxonomic characters. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 14, 10351058.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heath, H. (1903) The habits of California termites. Biological Bulletin, 4, 4763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, H. (1907) The longevity of members of different castes of Termopsis angusticollis. Biological Bulletin, 13, 161164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, H. (1927) Caste formation in the termite genus Termopsis. Journal of Morphology and Physiology, 43, 387423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinze, J. & Schrempf, A. (2008) Aging and reproduction in social insect: A mini-review. Gerontology, 54, 160167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higashi, M., Abe, T., & Burns, T. P. (1992) Carbo-nitrogen balance and termite ecology. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 249, 303308.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, K., Gowin, J., Hartfelder, K., & Korb, J. (2014) The scent of royalty: A P450 gene signals reproductive status in a social insect. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 31, 26892696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, K. J. & Thorne, B. L. (2011) Eusocial evolution in termites and hymenoptera. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 97132.Google Scholar
Howard, K. J., Johns, P. M., Breisch, N. L., & Thorne, B. L. (2013) Frequent colony fusions provide opportunities for helpers to become reproductives in the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, 67, 15751585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inward, D., Beccaloni, G., & Eggleton, P. (2007a) Death of an order: A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study confirms that termites are eusocial cockroaches. Biology Letters, 3, 331335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inward, D. J. G., Vogler, A. P., & Eggleton, P. (2007b) A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of termites (Isoptera) illuminates key aspects of their evolutionary biology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 953967.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, P. M., Howard, K. J., Breisch, N. L., Rivera, A., & Thorne, B. L. (2009) Nonrelatives inherit colony resources in a primitive termite. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 106, 1745217456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, R. A. (1981) Colony development and establishment of the fungus comb in Microtermes sp. nr. umbaricus (Sjöstedt) (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae) from Nigeria. Insectes Sociaux, 28, 312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, D. T. & Eggleton, P. (2011) Global biogeography of termites: A compilation of sources. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 477498.Google Scholar
Josens, G. (1982) Adaptive strategies in colony foundations of two Termitidae. In: Breed, M. D., Michener, C., & Evans, H. E. (eds.) IUSSI, 1982 Boulder CO: Westview Press, pp. 66.Google Scholar
Josens, G. (1983) The soil fauna of tropical savannas III: The termites. In: Bourliere, F. (ed.) Tropical Savannas. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 505524.Google Scholar
Kaib, M., Hacker, M., & Brandl, R. (2001) Egg laying in monogynous and polygynous colonies of the termite Macrotermes michaelseni (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae). Insectes Sociaux, 48, 231237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kambhampati, S. & Eggleton, P. (2000) Taxonomy and phylogeny of termites. In: Abe, T., Bignell, D. E., & Higashi, M. (eds.) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbiosis and Ecology. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 123.Google Scholar
Keller, L. (1998) Queen lifespan and colony characteristics in ants and termites. Insectes Sociaux, 45, 235246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, L. & Genoud, M. (1997) Extraordinary lifespans in ants: A test of evolutionary theories of ageing. Nature, 389, 958960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. (2007a) Termites. Current Biology, 17, R995–999.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Korb, J. (2007b) Workers of a drywood termite do not work. Frontiers in Zoology, 4, e7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. (2008) The ecology of social evolution in termites. In: Korb, J. & Heinze, J. (eds.) Ecology of Social Evolution. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 151174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. (2009) Termites: An alternative road to eusociality and the importance of group benefits in social insects. In: Gadau, J. & Fewell, J. H. (eds.) Organization of Insect Societies. From Genome to Sociocomplexity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 128147.Google Scholar
Korb, J. (2011) Termite mound architecture, from function to construction. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 349374.Google Scholar
Korb, J. (2016) Towards a more pluralistic view of termite social evolution. Ecological Entomology, 41, 3436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. & Hartfelder, K. (2008) Life history and development: A framework for understanding the ample developmental plasticity in lower termites. Biological Reviews, 83, 295313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. & Heinze, J. (2008a) Ecology of Social Evolution. Heidelberg: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. & Heinze, J. (2008b) The ecology of social life: A synthesis. In: Korb, J. & Heinze, J. (eds.) Ecology of Social Evolution. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 245260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. & Linsenmair, K. E. (2000) Thermoregulation of termite mounds: What role does ambient temperature and metabolism of the colony play? Insectes Sociaux, 47, 357363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. & Linsenmair, K. E. (2001) Resource availability and distribution patterns, indicators of competition between Macrotermes bellicosus and other macro-detritivores in the Comoé National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. African Journal of Ecology, 39, 257265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. & Linsenmair, K. E. (2002) Evaluation of predation risk in the collectively foraging termite Macrotermes bellicosus. Insectes Sociaux, 49, 264269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. & Roux, E. A. (2012) Why join a neighbour: Fitness consequences of colony fusions in termites. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 25, 21612170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. & Schmidinger, S. (2004) Help or disperse? Cooperation in termites influenced by food conditions. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 56, 8995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J. & Schneider, K. (2007) Does kin structure explain the occurrence of workers in a lower termite? Evolutionary Ecology, 21, 817828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korb, J., Buschmann, M., Schafberg, S., Liebig, J., & Bagneres, A. G. (2012) Brood care and social evolution in termites. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 279, 26622671.Google ScholarPubMed
Krishna, K., Grimaldi, D. A., Krishna, V., & Engel, M. S. (2013) Treatise on the Isoptera of the world. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 377, 12704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacey, M. J., Lenz, M., & Evans, T. A. (2010) Cryoprotection in dampwood termites (Termopsidae, Isoptera). Journal of Insect Physiology, 56, 17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LaFage, J. P. & Nutting, W. L. (1978) Nutrient dynamics of termites. In: Brian, M. V. (ed.) Production Ecology of Ants and Termites. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Legendre, F., Whiting, M. F., Bordereau, C., Cancello, E. M., Evans, T. A., & Grandcolas, P. (2008) The phylogeny of termites (Dictyoptera: Isoptera) based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers: Implications for the evolution of the worker and pseudergate castes, and foraging behaviors. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 615627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lenz, M. (1987) Brood production by imaginal and neotenic pairs of Cryptotermes brevis (Walker): The significance of helpers (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). Sociobiology, 13, 5966.Google Scholar
Lenz, M. (1994) Food resources, colony growth and caste development in wood-feeding termites. In: Hunt, J. & Nalepa, C. A. (eds.) Nourishment and Evolution in Insect Societies. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Prt. Ltd, pp. 159209.Google Scholar
Lepage, M. (1989) Ecologie et adaptations des sociétés de termites en Afrique tropicale aride. Bulletin d’Ecologie, 20, 5963.Google Scholar
Leuthold, R. H. (1979) Chemische Kommunikation als Grundlage des Soziallebens bei Termiten. In: Lüscher, M. (ed.) Insektenstaaten. Neuere Erkenntnisse. Bern: Naturhistorisches Museum.Google Scholar
Leuthold, R. H. (1990) L’organisation sociale chez des termites championnistes du genre. Macrotermes. Actes de Coloques Insectes Sociaux, 6, 920.Google Scholar
Liebig, J., Eliyahu, D., & Brent, C. S. (2009) Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles indicate reproductive status in the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 63, 17991807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lo, N., Engel, M. S., Cameron, S., Nalepa, C. A., et al. (2007) Save Isoptera: A comment on Inward, et al. Biology Letters, 3, 564565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lo, N., Tokuda, G., & Watanabe, H. (2011) Evolution and function of endogenous termite cellulases. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 5168.Google Scholar
Long, C. E. & Thorne, B. L. (2006) Resource fidelity, brood distribution and foraging dynamics in complete laboratory colonies of Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae). Ethology, Ecology & Evolution, 18, 113125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luchetti, A., Dedeine, F., Velona, A., & Mantovani, B. (2013) Extreme genetic mixing within colonies of the wood-dwelling termite Kalotermes flavicollis (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae). Molecular Ecology, 22, 33913402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lüscher, M. (1952) Untersuchungen über das individuelle Wachstum bei der Termite Kalotermes flavicollis Fabr. (Ein Beitrag zum Kastenbildungsproblem). Biologisches Zentralblatt, 71, 529543.Google Scholar
Lüscher, M. (1974) Kasten und Kastendifferenzierung bei Niederen Termiten. In: Schmidt, G. H. (ed.) Sozialpolymorphismus bei Insekten. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, pp. 694739.Google Scholar
Luykx, P. (1993) Turnover in termite colonies: A genetic study of colonies of Incisitermes schwarzi headed by replacement reproductives. Insectes Sociaux, 40, 191205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lys, J. A. & Leuthold, R. H. (1991) Task-specific distribution of the worker castes in extranidal activities in Macrotermes bellicosus (Smeathman): Observations of behaviour during food acquisition. Insectes Sociaux, 38, 161170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuura, K. (2006) A novel hypothesis for the origin of the sexual division of labor in termites: Which sex should be soldiers? Evolutionary Ecology, 20, 565574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuura, K. (2011) Sexual and asexual reproduction in termites. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 255278.Google Scholar
Matsuura, K., Himuro, C., Yokoi, T., Yamamoto, Y., Vargo, E. L., & Keller, L. (2010) Identification of a pheromone regulating caste differentiation in termites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 107, 1296312968.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Minnick, D. R. (1973) The flight and courtship behavior of the drywood termite, Cryptotermes brevis. Environmental Entomology, 2, 587591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miura, T. (2004) Proximate mechanisms and evolution of caste polyphenism in social insects: From sociality to genes. Ecological Research, 19, 141148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, H. & Korb, J. (2008) Male or female soldiers? An evaluation of several factors on soldier sex ratio in lower termites. Insectes Sociaux, 55, 213219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myles, T. (1988) Resource inheritance in social evolution from termite to man. In: Slobodchikoff, C. N. (ed.) The Ecology of Social Behavior. New York: Academic Press, pp. 379423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myles, T. G. (1999) Review of secondary reproduction in termites (Insecta: Isoptera) with comments on its role in termite ecology and social evolution. Sociobiology, 33, 191.Google Scholar
Nalepa, C. & Bandi, C. (2000) Characterizing the ancestors: Paedomorphosis and termite evolution. In: Abe, T., D. E. B. a. M. H. (eds.) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, pp. 5376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nalepa, C. A. (1984) Colony composition, protozoan transfer and some life history characteristics of the woodroach Cryptocercus punctulatus Scudder (Dictyoptera: Cryptocercidae). Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, 14, 273279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nalepa, C. A. (1988) Cost of parental care in the woodroach Cryptocercus punctulatus Scudder (Dictyoptera: Cryptocercidae). Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, 23, 135140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nalepa, C. A. (1994) Nourishment and the origin of termite eusociality. In: Hunt, J. H. & Nalepa, C. A. (eds.) Nourishment and Evolution in Insect Societies. Westview Press, Inc, pp. 57104.Google Scholar
Nalepa, C. A. (2011) Altricial development in wood-feeding cockroaches: The key antecedent to termite eusociality. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 6996.Google Scholar
Nalepa, C. A. (2015) Origin of termite eusociality: Trophallaxis integrates the social, nutritional, and microbial environments. Ecological Entomology, 40, 323335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neoh, K. B. & Lee, C. Y. (2011) Developmental stages and caste composition of a mature and incipient colony of the drywood termite, Cryptotermes dudleyi (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, 622628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nobre, T., Rouland-Lefevre, C., & Aanen, D. K. (2011) Comparative biology of fungus cultivation in termites and ants. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 193210.Google Scholar
Noirot, C. (1969) Formation of castes in the higher termites. In: Krishna, K. & Weesner, F. M. (eds.) Biology of Termites Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Noirot, C. (1970) The nests of termites. In: Krishna, K. & Weesner, F. M. (eds.) Biology of Termites Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Noirot, C. (1985a) The caste system in higher termites. In: Watson, J. A. L., Okot-Kotber, B. M., & Noirot, C. (eds.) Caste Differentiation in Social Insects. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 7586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noirot, C. (1985b) Pathways of caste development in the lower termites. In: Watson, J. A. L., Okot-Kotber, B. M. & Noirot, C. (eds.) Caste Differentiation in Social Insects. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 4158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noirot, C. (1990) Sexual castes and reproductive strategies in termites. In: Engels, W. (ed.) An Evolutionary Approach to Castes and Reproduction. Berlin: Springer Verlag, pp. 335.Google Scholar
Noirot, C. & Bordereau, C. (1988) Termite polymorphism and morphogenetic hormones. In: Gupta, A. P. (ed.) Morphogenetic Hormones of Arthropods. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, pp. 293324.Google Scholar
Noirot, C. & Darlington, J. P. E. C. (2000) Termite nests: Architecture, regulation and defence. In: Abe, T., Bignell, D. E., & Higashi, M. (eds.) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbiosis and Ecology. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 121139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noirot, C. & Pasteels, J. M. (1987) Ontogenic development and evolution of the worker caste in termites. Experientia, 43, 851860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noirot, C. & Pasteels, J. M. (1988) The worker caste is polyphyletic in termites. Sociobiology, 14, 1520.Google Scholar
Noirot, C. & Thorne, B. L. (1988) Ergatoid reproductives in Nasutitermes columbicus (Isoptera, Termitidae). Journal of Morphology, 195, 8393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nutting, W. L. (1969) Flight and colony foundation. In: Krishna, K. & Weesner, F. M. (eds.) Biology of Termites Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ohkuma, M. & Brune, A. (2011) Diversity, structure, and evolution of the termite gut microbial community. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 413438.Google Scholar
Okot-Kotber, B. M. (1985) Mechanisms of caste determination in a higher termite, Macrotermes michaelseni (Isoptera, Macrotermitidae). In: Watson, J. A. L., Okot-Kotber, B. M., & Noirot, C. (eds.) Caste Differentiation in Social Insects. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 267306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oster, G. F. & Wilson, E. O. (1978) Caste and Ecology of Social Insects. Princeton, Princeton University Press.Google ScholarPubMed
Pickens, A. L. (1934) The biology and economic significance of the Western subterranean termite, Reticulitermes hesperus. In: Kofoid, C. A. (ed.) Termites and Termite Control. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 157183.Google Scholar
Poulsen, M., Hu, H., Li, C., Chen, Z., Nygaard, S., et al. (2014) Holobiomic division of labor in fungus-farming termites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 111, 1450014505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Queller, D. C. & Strassmann, J. E. (1998) Kin selection and social insects. Bioscience, 48, 165178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohrig, A., Kirchner, W. H., & Leuthold, R. H. (1999) Vibrational alarm communication in the African fungus-growing termite genus Macrotermes (Isoptera, Termitidae). Insectes Sociaux, 46, 7177.Google Scholar
Roisin, Y. (2000) Diversity and evolution of caste patterns. In: Abe, T., Bignell, D. E., & Higashi, M. (eds.) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 95119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roisin, Y. (2001) Caste sex ratios, sex linkage, and reproductive strategies in termites. Insectes Sociaux, 48, 224230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roisin, Y. & Korb, J. (2011) Social organisation and the status of workers in termites. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 133164.Google Scholar
Roisin, Y. & Pasteels, J. M. (1987) Caste developmental potentialities in the termite Nasutitermes novarumhebridarum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 44, 277287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosengaus, R. B., Moustakas, J. E., Calleri, D. V., & Traniello, J. F. A. (2003) Nesting ecology and cuticular microbial loads in dampwood (Zootermopsis angusticollis) and drywood termites (Incisitermes minor, Schwarzi, Cryptotermes cavifrons). Journal of Insect Science, 3, e31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosengaus, R. B., Traniello, J. F. A., & Bulmer, M. S. (2011) Ecology, behavior and evolution of disease resistance in termites. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 165192.Google Scholar
Rouland-Lefèvre, C. (2000) Symbiosis with fungi. In: Abe, T, B. D., Higashi, M (ed.) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 289306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rupf, T. & Roisin, Y. (2008) Coming out of the woods: Do termites need a specialized worker caste to search for new food sources? Naturwissenschaften, 95, 811819.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sands, W. A. (1961) Foraging behavior and feeding habits in five species of Trinervitermes in West Africa. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 4, 277288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sands, W. A. (1972) The soldierless termites of Africa (Isoptera: Termitidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, S18, 1244.Google Scholar
Scharf, M. E., Buckspan, C. E., Grzymala, T. L., & Zhou, X. (2007) Regulation of polyphenic caste differentiation in the termite Reticulitermes flavipes by interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Journal of Experimental Biology, 210, 43904398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, A. M., Jacklyn, P., & Korb, J. (2013) Isolated in an ocean of grass: Low levels of gene flow between termite subpopulations. Molecular Ecology, 22, 20962105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, A. M., Jacklyn, P. & Korb, J. (2014) ‘Magnetic’ termite mounds: Is their unique shape an adaptation to facilitate gas exchange and improve food storage? Insectes Sociaux, 41, 6169.Google Scholar
Seelinger, G. & Seelinger, U. (1983) On the social organisation, alarm and fighting in the primitive cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatus Scudder. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 61, 315333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shellman-Reeve, J. S. (1997) The spectrum of eusociality in termites. In: Choe, J. C. & Crespi, B. J. (eds.) The Evolution of Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 5293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, T. E. (1956) Annotated, Subject-Heading Bibliography of Termites 1350 B.C. to A.D. 1954. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.Google Scholar
Stearns, S. C. (1992) The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Thorne, B. & Traniello, J. (2003) Comparative social biology of basal taxa of ants and termites. Annual Reviews of Entomology, 48, 283306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thorne, B., Breisch, N., & Haverty, M. I. (2002) Longevity of kings and queens and first time of reproduction of fertile progeny in dampwood termite (Isoptera; Termopsidae; Zootermopsis) colonies with different reproductive structures. Journal of Animal Ecology, 71, 10301041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorne, B. L. (1982) Polygyny in termites: Multiple primary queens in colonies of Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) (Isoptera: Termitidae). Insectes Sociaux, 29, 102107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorne, B. L. (1983) Alate production and sex ratio in colonies of the Neotropical termite Nasutitermes corniger (Isoptera; Termitidae). Oecologia, 58, 103109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thorne, B. L. (1984) Polygyny in the Neotropical termite Nasutitermes corniger: Life history consequences of queen mutualism. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 14, 117136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorne, B. L. (1997) Evolution of eusociality in termites. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 28, 2754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorne, B.L. & Haverty, M. I. (2000) Nest growth and survivorship in three species of Neotropical Nasutitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae). Environmental Entomology, 29, 256264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorne, B. L., Traniello, J. F. A., Adams, E. S., & Bulmer, M. (1999) Reproductive dynamics and colony structure of subterranean termites of the genus Reticulitermes (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae): A review of the evidence from behavioral, ecological, and genetic studies. Ethology Ecology Evolution, 11, 149169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorne, B. L., Breisch, N., & Muscedere, M. (2003) Evolution of eusociality and the soldier caste in termites: Influence of intraspecific competition and accelerated inheritance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 100, 1280812813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Traniello, J. F. & Leuthold, R. H. (2000) Behavior and ecology of foraging in termites. In: Abe, T., Bignell, D. E. & Higashi, M. (eds.) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbiosis and Ecology. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 141168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vargo, E. (2003) Hierarchical analysis of colony and population genetic structure of the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, using two classes of molecular markers. Evolution, 57, 28052818.Google ScholarPubMed
Vargo, E. L. & Husseneder, C. (2009) Biology of subterranean termites: Insights from molecular studies of Reticulitermes and Coptotermes. Annual Review of Entomology, 54, 379403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vargo, E. L. & Husseneder, C. (2011) Genetic structure of termite colonies and populations. In: Bignell, D. E., Roisin, Y. & Lo, N. (eds.) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 321348.Google Scholar
Waller, D. A. (1988) Ecological similarities of fungus-growing ants (Attini) and termites (Macrotermitinae). In: Troger, J. C. (ed.) Advances in Myrmecology. New York: E.J. Bill, pp. 337345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waller, D. A. & La Fage, J. P. (1987) Nutritional ecology of termites. In: Slansky, F. & Rodriguez, J. G. (eds.) Nutritional Ecology of Insects, Mites, and Spiders. Chichester, New York: John Wiley, pp. 487532.Google Scholar
Watson, J. A. L. & Abbey, H. M. (1989) A 17-year old primary reproductive of Mastotermes darwiniensis (Isoptera). Sociobiology, 15, 279284.Google Scholar
Watson, J. A. L. & Sewell, J. J. (1981) The origin and evolution of caste systems in termites. Sociobiology, 6, 101118.Google Scholar
Weil, T., Hoffmann, K., Kroiss, J., Strohm, E., & Korb, J. (2009) Scent of a queen-cuticular hydrocarbons specific for female reproductives in lower termites. Naturwissenschaften, 96, 315319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilkinson, W. (1962) Dispersal of alates and establishment of new colonies in Cryptotermes havilandi (Sjöstedt) (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 53, 265286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, W. (1963) The alate flight and colony foundation of Cryptotermes havilandi (Sjöstedt) (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae). Symposium of Genetics and Biologie Italy, 11, 269275.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. (1971) Insect Societies. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wood, T. G. & Thomas, R. J. (1989) The mutualistic association between macrotermitinae and termitomyces. In: Wilding, N., Collins, N. M., Hammond, P. M., & Webber, J. F. (eds.) Insect-fungus Interactions. New York: Academic Press, pp. 6992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, T. G., Johnson, R. A., & Ohiagu, C. E. (1977) Populations of termites (Isoptera) in natural and agricultural ecosystems in Southern Guinea savanna near Mokwa, Nigeria. GeoEcoTrop, 1, 139148.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×