Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76dd75c94c-lntk7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T07:39:55.089Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

H

from Section 1 - Diagnostics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2019

Alan B. Ettinger
Affiliation:
Safe Passage Diagnostics, New York
Deborah M. Weisbrot
Affiliation:
State University of New York, Stony Brook
Casey E. Gallimore
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Livorsi, DJ, MacNeil, JR, Cohn, AC, et al. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in the United States, 1999–2008: epidemiology and outcomes. J Infect. 2012; 65: 496504.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Haemophilus influenzae type B. In Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. 13th ed. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015. pp. 119–33.Google Scholar
Agrawal, A, Murphy, TF. Haemophilus influenzae infections in the H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine era. J Clin Microbiol. 2011; 49: 3728–32.Google Scholar
Cugati, G, Singh, M, Pande, A, Ramamurthi, R, Vasudevan, MC. Hand Schuller Christian disease. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2011; 32(3): 183–4.Google Scholar
Jacquet, G, Plouvier, E, Billerey, C, Godard, J, Steimle, R. [Hand-Schüller-Christian disease with tumor localization in the posterior fossa]. Presse Med. 1988; 17(17): 855–7.Google Scholar
Khristov, V, Manov, A, Apostolov, P, Kolebinov, N, Nachev, S. [Long-term observation of a case of Hand-Schüller-Christian disease]. Vutr Boles. 1989; 28(5): 8791.Google ScholarPubMed
Zaletel, K, Gaberšček, S. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: from genes to the disease. Curr Genom. 2011; 12(8): 576–88.Google Scholar
Ju, C, Zhang, L. Diplopia in a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(26): e7330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mocellin, R, Walterfang, M, Velakoulis, D. Hashimoto's encephalopathy: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. CNS Drugs. 2007; 21(10): 799811.Google Scholar
Souza, PV, Bortholin, T, Pinto, WB, Santos, AJ. Progressive hearing loss and cerebellar ataxia in anti-Ma2-associated autoimmune encephalitis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2017; 75(1): 74–5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20160169Google Scholar
Piantanida, E, Gallo, D, Lombardi, V, et al. Pituitary apoplexy during pregnancy: a rare, but dangerous headache. J Endocrinol Invest. 2014; 37(9): 789–97.Google Scholar
Schoen, JC, Campbell, RL, Sadosty, AT. Headache in pregnancy: an approach to emergency department evaluation and management. West J Emerg Med. 2015; 16(2): 291301.Google Scholar
Vetvik, KG, MacGregor, EA. Sex differences in the epidemiology, clinical features, and pathophysiology of migraine. Lancet Neurol. 2017; 16(1): 7687.Google Scholar
Von Wald, T, Walling, AD. Headache during pregnancy. Obstet & Gyn Survey. 2002; 57(3): 179–85.Google Scholar
Acikalin, MF, Oner, U, Tel, N, Paşaoğlu, O, Altinel, F. Supratentorial hemangioblastoma: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003; 127(9): e382–4.Google Scholar
Lonser, RR, Butman, JA, Huntoon, K, et al. Prospective natural history study of central nervous system hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau disease. J Neurosurg. 2014; 120(5): 1055–62.Google Scholar
Na, JH, Kim, HS, Eoh, W, et al. Spinal cord hemangioblastoma: diagnosis and clinical outcome after surgical treatment. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2007; 42(6): 436–40.Google Scholar
Williams, B. Prognosis and syringomyelia. Neurol Res. 1986; 8(3): 130–45.Google Scholar
Alarcon, F, Zijlmans, JC, Duenas, G, Cevallos, N. Post-stroke movement disorders: report of 56 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004; 75: 1568–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ching, LP, Chin, KP, Wah, ESA. Hyperglycemia-associated hemichorea-hemiballism: the spectrum of clinical presentation. Intern Med. 2015; 54(15): 1881–4.Google Scholar
Ghika-Schmid, F, Ghika, J, Regli, F, Bogousslavsky, J. Hyperkinetic movement disorders during and after acute stroke: the Lausanne Stroke Registry. J Neurol Sci. 1997; 146: 109–16.Google Scholar
Handley, A, Medcalf, P, Hellier, K, Dutta, D. Movement disorders after stroke. Age Ageing. 2009; 38: 260–66.Google Scholar
Kim, JS. Delayed onset mixed involuntary movements after thalamic stroke. Clinical, radiological and pathophysiological findings. Brain. 2001; 124: 299309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bordini, C, Antonaci, F, Stovner, LJ, Schrader, H, Sjaastad, O. “Hemicrania continua”: a clinical review. Headache. 1991; 31: 20–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cittadini, E, Goadsby, PJ. Update on hemicrania continua. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2011; 15: 51–6.Google Scholar
Medina, JL, Diamond, S. Cluster headache variant: spectrum of a new headache syndrome. Arch Neurol. 1981; 38: 705–9.Google Scholar
Wheeler, S. Clinical spectrum of hemicrania continua. Neurology. 2000; 54: 422.Google Scholar
Tan, NC, et al. Hemifacial spasm and involuntary facial movements. QJM. 2002; 95(8): 493500.Google Scholar
Kim, HJ, Jeon, BS, Lee, KW. Hemimasticatory spasm associated with localized scleroderma and facial hemiatrophy. Arch Neurol. 2000; 57(4): 576–80.Google Scholar
Buchman, AS, Goetz, CG, Klawans, HL. Hemiparkinsonism with hemiatrophy. Neurology. 1988; 38: 527–30.Google Scholar
Giladi, N, Burke, RE, Kostic, V, et al. Hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome: clinical and neuroradiologic features. Neurology. 1990; 40(11): 1731–4.Google Scholar
Klawans, HL. Hemiparkinsonism as a late complication of hemiatrophy: a new syndrome. Neurology. 1981; 31: 625–8.Google Scholar
Wijemanne, S, Jankovic, J. Hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome. Neurology. 2007; 69(16): 1585–94.Google Scholar
Noris, M, Remuzzi, G. Hemolytic uremic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol JASN. 2005; 16: 1035–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loirat, C, Frémeaux-Bacchi, V. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2011; 6: 60.Google Scholar
Inamasu, J, Nakamura, Y, Saito, R, et al. Hemorrhagic brain abscess in infective endocarditis. Emerg Radiol. 2001; 8: 308. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00011929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thamburaj, K, Agarwal, AK, Sabat, SB, Nguyen, DT. Hemorrhage in the wall of pyogenic brain abscess on susceptibility weighted MR sequence: a report of 3 cases. Case Rep Radiol. 2014: Article ID 907584. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/907584.Google Scholar
Berger, C, et al. Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic brain tissue: asymptomatic or symptomatic? Stroke. 2001; 32: 1330–5.Google Scholar
Zhang, J, et al. Hemorrhagic transformation after cerebral infarction: current concepts and challenges. Ann Transl Med. 2014; 2(8): 81.Google Scholar
Kondziolka, D, Bernstein, M, Resch, L, et al. Significance of hemorrhage into brain tumors: clinicopathological study. J Neurosurg. 1987; 67(6): 852–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieu, AS, Hwang, SL, Howng, SL, Chai, CY. Brain tumors with hemorrhage. J Formos Med Assoc. 1999; 98(5): 365–7.Google Scholar
Wakai, S, Yamakawa, K, Manaka, S, Takakura, K. Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage caused by brain tumor: its incidence and clinical significance. Neurosurgery. 1982; 10(4): 437–44.Google Scholar
Bérubé, MD, Blais, N, Lanthier, S. Neurological manifestations of Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 120: 1101–11. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-4087-0.00074-7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caplan, LR, ed. Uncommon causes of stroke. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2010.Google Scholar
Garzoni, L, et al. Nervous system dysfunction in Henoch-Schonlein syndrome: systematic review of the literature. Rheum (Oxford). 2009; 48(12): 1524–9.Google Scholar
Alving, BM. How I treat heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Blood. 2003; 101: 31–7.Google Scholar
Datar, S, Wijdicks, EF. Neurologic manifestations of acute liver failure. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 120: 645–59.Google Scholar
Fridman, V, Galetta, SL, Pruitt, AA, Levine, JM. MRI findings associated with acute liver failure. Neurology. 2009; 72(24): 2130–1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, H. Neurologic manifestations of acute and chronic liver disease. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014; 20(3 Neurology of Systemic Disease): 670–80.Google Scholar
Wijdicks, EF, Hocker, SE. Neurologic complications of liver transplantation. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 121: 1257–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wijdicks, EF, Plevak, DJ, Wiesner, RH, Steers, JL. Causes and outcome of seizures in liver transplant recipients. Neurology. 1996; 47(6): 1523–30.Google Scholar
Cocito, D, Maule, S, Paolasso, I, et al. High prevalence of neuropathies in patients with end-stage liver disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 2010; 122(1): 3640.Google Scholar
Ferro, JM, Oliveira, S. Neurologic manifestations of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2014; 14(10): 487.Google Scholar
Sureka, B, Bansal, K, Patidar, Y, et al. Neurologic manifestations of chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2015; 44(5): 449–61.Google Scholar
Utku, U, Asil, T, Balci, K, et al. Hepatic myelopathy with spastic paraparesis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2005; 107(6): 514–16.Google Scholar
White, H. Neurologic manifestations of acute and chronic liver disease. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014; 20(3 Neurology of Systemic Disease): 670–80.Google Scholar
Wijdicks, EF, Hocker, SE. Neurologic complications of liver transplantation. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 121: 1257–66.Google Scholar
Sellner, J, Steiner, I. Neurologic complications of hepatic viruses. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 123: 647–61.Google Scholar
Acharya, JN, Pacheco, VH. Neurologic complications of hepatitis C. Neurologist. 2008; 14(3): 151–6.Google Scholar
Sellner, J, Steiner, I. Neurologic complications of hepatic viruses. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 123: 647–61.Google Scholar
Thames, AD, Castellon, SA, Singer, EJ, et al. Neuroimaging abnormalities, neurocognitive function, and fatigue in patients with hepatitis C. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2015; 2(1): e59.Google Scholar
Yong, HT, Son, R. Hepatitis A virus: a general overview. Int Food Res J. 2009; 16: 455–67.Google Scholar
Lee, JJ, Kang, K, Park, JM, Kwon, O, Kim, BK. Encephalitis associated with acute hepatitis A. J Epilepsy Res. 2011; 1: 27–8.Google Scholar
Bromberg, K, NewHall, DN, Peter, G. Hepatitis A and meningoencephalitis. JAMA. 1982; 247: 815.Google Scholar
Mathew, T, Aroor, S, Nadig, R, Sarma, G. Focal meningoencephalitis of hepatitis A: a clinico-radiologic picture. Pediatr Neurol. 2012; 47: 222–3.Google Scholar
Chonmaitree, P, Methawasin, K. Transverse myelitis in acute hepatitis A infection: the rare co-occurrence of hepatology and neurology. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2016; 10: 44–9.Google Scholar
Stubgen, JP. Neuromuscular complications of hepatitis A virus infection and vaccines. J Neurol. Sci. 2011; 300: 28.Google Scholar
Dienstag, JL. Hepatitis B virus infection. N Eng J Med. 2008; 359: 486500.Google Scholar
Guillevin, L, Lhote, F, Cohen, P, et al. Polyarteritis nodosa related to hepatitis B virus. A prospective study of long term observation of 41 patients. Medicine. 1995; 74: 238–53.Google Scholar
Guillevin, L, Mahr, A, Callard, P, et al. Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa: clinical characteristics, outcome and impact of treatment in 115 patients. Medicine. 2005; 84: 313–22.Google Scholar
Wada, Y, Yanagihara, C, Nishimura, Y, Oka, N. Hepatitis B virus-related vasculitis manifesting as severe neuropathy following influenza vaccination. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008; 110: 750–2.Google Scholar
Verma, R, Lalla, R, Babu, S. Mononeuritis multiplex and painful ulcers as the initial manifestation of hepatitis B infection. BMJ Case Rep. 2013: 14. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013- 009666Google Scholar
Fleischer, RD, Lok, ASF. Myopathy and neuropathy with nucleo(t)ide analog therapy for hepatitis B. J Hepatol. 2009; 51: 787–91.Google Scholar
Stubgen, JP. Neuromuscular disorders associated with hepatitis B virus infection. J Clin Neuromusc Dis. 2011; 13: 2634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baig, S, Alamgir, M. The extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis B virus. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2008; 18: 451–7.Google Scholar
Mathew, S, Faheem, M, Ibrahim, SM, et al. Hepatitis C virus and neurological damage. World J Hepatol. 2016; 8: 545–56.Google Scholar
Adinolfi, LE, Nevola, R, Lus, G, et al. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and neurological and psychiatric disorders: An overview. World J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21: 2269–80.Google Scholar
Monaco, S, Ferrari, S, Gajofatto, A, Zanusso, G, Mariotto, S. HCV-related nervous system disorders. Clin Developmental Immunol. 2012; 2012: 236148. DOI: 10.1155/236148.Google Scholar
Hehir, MK 2nd, Logigian, EL. Infectious neuropathies. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014; 20(5 Peripheral Nervous System Disorders): 1274–92.Google Scholar
Stubgen, JP. Neuromuscular disorders associated with hepatitis B virus infection. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2011; 13(1): 2637.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stubgen, JP. Neuromuscular diseases associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2011; 13(1): 1425.Google Scholar
Katirji, B, Kaminski, HJ, Ruff, RL. Neuromuscular disorders in clinical practice. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag New York; 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathis, S, Goizet, C, Tazir, M, et al. Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases: an update and some new proposals for the classification. J Med Genet. 2015; 52(10): 681–90.Google Scholar
Miller, LJ, Saporta, AS, Sottile, SL, et al. Strategy for genetic testing in Charcot-Marie-disease. Acta Myol. 2011; 30(2): 109–16.Google ScholarPubMed
Plante-Bordeneuve, V, Said, G. Dejerine-Sottas disease and hereditary demyelinating polyneuropathy of infancy. Muscle Nerve. 2002; 26(5): 608–21.Google Scholar
US Department of Health and Human Services. Genetics Home Reference. Refsum disease. 2016. Available from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/refsum-disease. Accessed Aug 24, 2018.Google Scholar
Wills, AJ, Manning, NJ, Reilly, MM. Refsum's disease. QJM. 2001; 94(8): 403–6.Google Scholar
Fink, JK. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinical principles and genetic advances. Semin Neurol. 2014; 34(3): 293305.Google Scholar
Katirji, B, Kaminski, HJ, Ruff, RL. Neuromuscular disorders in clinical practice. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag New York; 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, E. Pure hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Med Genet. 1997; 34(6): 499503.Google Scholar
Salinas, S, Provkakis, C, Crosby, A, Warner, TT. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: Clinical features and pathogenetic mechanisms. Lancet Neurol. 2008; 7(12): 1127–38.Google Scholar
Windsor, RE. Frequency of asymptomatic cervical disc protrusion. Cervical disc injuries. eMedicine; 2006. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/93635-overview. Accessed Aug 14, 2018.Google Scholar
Sahrakar, K. Lumbar disc disease. Medscape. Updated Dec 12, 2017. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/249113-overview. Accessed Aug 24, 2018.Google Scholar
Enevoldson, T. Recreational drugs and their neurological consequences. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004; 75: iii9iii15. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.045732.Google Scholar
Habal, R. Heroin toxicity. Medscape. Updated Dec 26, 2017. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/166464-overview#a6. Accessed Aug 14, 2018.Google Scholar
Kulkantrakorn, K. Heroin brachial plexopathy. Neurol Asia. 2011; 16(1): 85–7.Google Scholar
Neuromuscular Disease Center. Myotoxic myopathy. http://neuromuscular.wustl.edu/mother/myotox.htm. Accessed Aug 14, 2018.Google Scholar
Pascual Calvet, J, Pou, A, Pedro-Botet, J, Gutiérrez Cebollada, J. [Non-infective neurologic complications associated to heroin use.] Arch Neurobiol (Madr). 1989; 52(Suppl 1): 155–61.Google Scholar
The Discovery House. The truth about marijuana abuse vs. heroin addiction. April 20, 2015. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/truth-marijuana-abuse-vs-heroin-addiction-the-discovery-house. Accessed Aug 14, 2018.Google Scholar
American Addiction Centers. Heroin withdrawal timeline, symptoms and treatment.http://americanaddictioncenters.org/withdrawal-timelines-treatments/heroin/. Accessed Aug 8, 2018.Google Scholar
Options Behavioral Health System. Heroin abuse & addiction treatment. 2018. www.optionsbehavioralhealthsystem.com/addiction/heroin. Accessed Aug 24, 2018.Google Scholar
Bradley, H, Markowitz, LE, Gibson, T, McGuillan, GM. Seroprevalence of herpes virus type 1 and 2 – United States, 1999–2010. J Infect Dis. 2014; 209(3): 325–33.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, MJ, Venkatesan, A. Herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis in adults: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Neurotherapeutics. 2016; 13(3): 493508.Google Scholar
Singh, TD, Fugate, JE, Rabinstein, AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015; 84: 359–66.Google Scholar
Bradley, H, Markowitz, LE, Gibson, T, McGuillan, GM. Seroprevalence of herpes virus type 1 and 2 – United States, 1999–2010. J Infect Dis. 2014; 209(3): 325–33.Google Scholar
Berger, RJ, Houff, S. Neurologic complications of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. Arch Neurol. 2008; 65: 596600.Google Scholar
Zis, P, Stritsou, P, Angelidakis, P, Tavernarakis, A. Herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis as a cause of ischemic stroke: case report and systematic review of the literature. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016; 25(2): 335–9.Google Scholar
Gilden, D, Nagel, M, Cohrs, R, Mahalingam, R, Baird, N. Varicella zoster virus in the nervous system. F1000Res 2015a; 4. PMID 26918131Google Scholar
Whitley, RJ. Varicella-zoster virus. In Mandell, GL, Bennett, JE, Dolin, R, eds. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 4th ed. New York: Churchill-Livingstone; 1995. pp. 1345–51.Google Scholar
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Public Health Statement for n-Hexane. Jan 21, 2015. Available from: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=391&tid=68. Accessed Aug 30, 2018.Google Scholar
Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels; Committee on Toxicology; Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Research Council. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Hexane: acute exposure guideline levels. Vol 14. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US); Apr 26, 2013. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201488/. Accessed Aug 30, 2018.Google Scholar
Brown, GD, Swanson, EA, Nercessian, OA. Neurologic injuries after total hip arthroplasty. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2008; 37(4): 191–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Schmalzried, TP, Noordin, S, Amstutz, HC. Update on nerve palsy associated with total hip replacement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997; 344: 188206.Google Scholar
Hariri, OR, Minasian, T, Quadri, SA, et al. Histoplasmosis with deep CNS involvement: case presentation with discussion and literature review. J Neurol Surg Rep. 2015; 76(1): e167–72. DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1554932.Google Scholar
Harris, EA, Roos, KL. Medlink Neurology. Histoplasmosis of the nervous system. Originally released Aug 11, 2005; last updated Jan 4, 2016. www.medlink.com/article/histoplasmosis_of_the_nervous_system. Accessed Aug 30, 2018.Google Scholar
Benjamin, LA. HIV infection and stroke: current perspectives and future directions. Lancet Neurol. 2012; 11(10): 878–90.Google Scholar
Maartens, G, et al. HIV infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. Lancet. 2014; 384(9939): 258–71.Google Scholar
NIH. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents living with HIV. Updated Oct 17, 2017. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/1/adult-and-adolescent-arv-guidelines/31/adverse-effects-of-arv. Accessed Aug 16, 2018.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. HIV. 2018. www.who.int/hiv/. Accessed Aug 16, 2018.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.Google Scholar
Grisham, JR, Frost, RO, Steketee, G, et al. Age of onset of compulsive hoarding. J Anxiety Disord. 2006; 20(5): 675–86.Google Scholar
Landau, D, Iervolino, AC, Pertusa, A, et al. Stressful life events and material deprivation in hoarding disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2011; 25(2): 192202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nordsletten, AE, Reichenberg, A, Hatch, SL, et al. Epidemiology of hoarding disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2013; 203: 445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pertusa, A, Frost, RO, Fullana, MA, et al. Refining the diagnostic boundaries of compulsive hoarding: a critical review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010; 30(4): 371–86.Google Scholar
Samuels, J, Bienvenu, OJ 3rd, Pinto, A, et al. Hoarding in obsessive-compulsive disorder: results from the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study. Behav Res Ther. 2007; 45(4): 673–86.Google Scholar
Bahatia, P, Singh, N. Homocysteine excess: delineating the possible mechanism of neurotoxicity and depression. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2015; 29(6): 522–8.Google Scholar
Kang, SS, Wong, PW, Susmano, A, et al. Thermolabile methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: an inherited risk factor for coronary artery disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1991; 48(3): 536–45.Google Scholar
Yoo, JH, Chung, CS, Kang, SS. Relation of plasma homocysteine to cerebral infarction and cerebral atherosclerosis. Stroke. 1998; 29(12): 2478–83.Google Scholar
Bahatia, P, Singh, N. Homocysteine excess: delineating the possible mechanism of neurotoxicity and depression. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2015; 29(6): 522–8.Google Scholar
Walter, J, Jahnke, N. Newborn screen for homocystinuria. Cochrane Database System Rev. Oct 2015. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008840.pub4.Google Scholar
Yoo, JH, Chung, CS, Kang, SS. Relation of plasma homocysteine to cerebral infarction and cerebral atherosclerosis. Stroke. 1998; 29(12): 2478–83.Google Scholar
Liedholm, LJ, Eeg-Olofsson, O, Ekenberg, BE, Nicolaysen, RB, Torbergsen, T. Acute postasthmatic amyotrophy (Hopkins' syndrome). Muscle Nerve. 1994; 17(7): 769–72.Google Scholar
Matsuzaki, T, Nakagawa, M, Nagai, M, et al. HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like manifestations. J Neurovirol. 2000; 6(6): 544–8.Google Scholar
Oger, J, Reder, AT. HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. Medlink Neurology. Originally released April 3, 2001; last updated June 9, 2016. www.medlink.com/article/htlv-1_associated_myelopathy. Accessed Aug 16, 2018.Google Scholar
Olindo, S, Cabre, P, Lezin, A, et al. Natural history of human T-lymphotropic virus 1-associated myelopathy: a 14-year follow-up study. Arch Neurol. 2006; 63(11): 1560–6. PMID 17101824.Google Scholar
Agut, H. Deciphering the clinical impact of acute human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infections. J Clin Virol. 2011; 52(3): 164–71.Google Scholar
Pellett, PE, Ablashi, DV, Ambros, PF, et al. Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6: questions and answers. Rev Med Virol. 2012; 22(3): 144–55.Google Scholar
Wheeless, CR. Wheeless' textbook of orthopaedics. [Internet] Duke University Medical Center's Division of Orthopedic Surgery and Data Trace Internet Publishing, LLC; 2015. Available from www.wheelessonline.com/. Accessed Aug 30, 2018.Google Scholar
Hout, P, Levesque, M, Parent, A. The fate of striatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea. Brain. 2007; 130(1): 222–32.Google Scholar
Nopoulos, PC, Aylward, EH, Ross, CA, et al. Cerebral cortex structure in prodromal Huntington disease. 2010; 40(3): 544–54.Google Scholar
Pringsheim, T, Wiltshire, K, Day, L, et al. The incidence and prevalence of Huntington's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord. 2012; 27(9): 1083–91.Google Scholar
Walker, FO. Huntington's disease. The Lancet. 2007; 369(9557): 218–28.Google Scholar
Fardella, CE, Mosso, L. Primary aldosteronism. Clin Lab. 2002; 48(3–4): 181–90.Google Scholar
Salpietro, V, Polizzi, A, Di Rosa, G, et al. Adrenal disorders and the paediatric brain: pathophysiological considerations and clinical implications. Int J Endocrinol. 2014; 2014: 282489.Google Scholar
Sharma, V, Borah, P, Basumatary, LJ, et al. Myopathies of endocrine disorders: a prospective clinical and biochemical study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2014; 17: 298302.Google Scholar
Sweeney, AT, Griffing, GT. Pheochromocytoma. eMedicine. August 2, 2011. Available from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/124059-overview. Accessed Aug 30, 2018.Google Scholar
Bachmann, C. Mechanisms of hyperammonemia. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002; 20(7): 653–62.Google Scholar
DeWolfe, JL, Knowlton, RC, Beasley, MT, et al. Hyperammonemia following intravenous valproate loading. Epilepsy Res. 2009; 85(1): 6571.Google Scholar
Haeberle, J, Boddaert, N, Burlina, A, et al. Suggested guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urea cycle disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2012; 7(1): 32.Google Scholar
Lichter-Konecki, U, Mangin, JM, Gordish-Dressman, H, Hoffman, EP, Gallo, V. Gene expression profiling of astrocytes from hyperammonemic mice reveals altered pathways for water and potassium homeostasis in vivo. Glia. 2008; 56(4): 365–77.Google Scholar
Durrington, HJ, Flubacher, M. Initial oxygen management in patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. QJM. 2005; 98(7): 499504.Google Scholar
Pal, P, Chen, R. Breathing and the nervous system. In Aminoff, MJ, Josephson, SA, eds. Aminoff's neurology and general medicine. London, UK: Elsevier; 2014. pp. 323.Google Scholar
Roufosse, FE, Goldman, M, Cogan, E. Hypereosinophilic syndromes. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007; 2: 37.Google Scholar
Lee, D, Ahn, T-B. Central nervous system involvement of hypereosinophilic syndrome: a report of 10 cases and a literature review. J Neurol Sci. 2014; 347: 281–7.Google Scholar
Ducat, L, Philipson, LH, Anderson, BJ. The mental health comorbidities of diabetes. JAMA. 2014; 312(7): 691–2.Google Scholar
Dyck, PJ, Kratz, KM, Karnes, JL, et al. The prevalence by staged severity of various types of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in a population-based cohort: The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study. Neurology. 1993; 43: 817.Google Scholar
Edwards, JL, Vincent, AM, Cheng, HT, Feldman, EL. Diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms to management. Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 120(1): 1.Google Scholar
Ewing, DJ. Recent advances in the non-invasive investigation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. In Bannister, R, ed. Autonomic failure. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1988. p. 667.Google Scholar
Wilbourn, AJ. Diabetic entrapment and compression neuropathies. In Dyck, PJ, Thomas, PK, eds. Diabetic neuropathy, 2nd ed. Toronto: WB Saunders; 1999. p. 481.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.Google Scholar
Lonn, E, Yusuf, S, Arnold, MJ, et al. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354: 1567–77.Google Scholar
Wierzbicki, AS. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: a review of the evidence. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2007; 4: 143–50.Google Scholar
Goldman, L, Schafer, A. Muscle diseases. In Goldman's Cecil medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2011. Chapter 429.Google Scholar
Kerchner, G, Ptacek, L. Channelopathies: episodic and electrical disorders of the nervous system. In Daroff, RB, et al., eds. Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2012. Chapter 64.Google Scholar
Moxley, R, Heatwole, C. Channelopathies. In Swaiman, KF, ed. Swaiman's pediatric neurology: principles and practice. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2012. pp. 1667–89.Google Scholar
Riggs, J. Neurologic complications of electrolytes disturbances. In Aminoff, MJ, Josephson, SA, eds. Aminoff's neurology and general medicine. 5th ed. London, UK: Elsevier; 2014. pp. 317–26.Google Scholar
Hay, O, Dar, G, Abbas, J, et al. The lumbar lordosis in males and females, revisited. Plos One. Aug 24, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133685.Google Scholar
Riggs, J. Neurologic manifestations of electrolyte disturbances. Neurol Clin. 2002; 20: 227–39.Google Scholar
Riggs, J. Neurologic complications of electrolyte disturbances. In Aminoff, MJ, Josephson, SA, eds. Aminoff's neurology and general medicine. London, UK: Elsevier; 2014. pp. 317–26.Google Scholar
Riggs, J. Neurologic manifestations of electrolyte disturbances. Neurol Clin. 2002; 20: 227–39.Google Scholar
Riggs, J. Neurologic complications of electrolyte disturbances. In Aminoff, MJ, Josephson, SA, eds. Aminoff's neurology and general medicine. London, UK: Elsevier; 2014. pp. 317–26.Google Scholar
Brown, R, Fischman, A, Showalter, C. Primary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, paranoid deluisons, homicide and attempted murder. J Foren Sci. 1987; 32(4): 1460–3.Google Scholar
Fuleihan, G, Silverberg, S. Primary hyperparathyroidism: Clinical manifestations. UpToDate. 2015. Available from www.uptodate.com/contents/primary-hyperparathyroidism-clinical-manifestations. Accessed Aug 16, 2018.Google Scholar
Lockwood, A. Toxic and metabolic encephalopathies. In Daroff, RB, et al., eds. Bradley's neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2012. Chapter 56.Google Scholar
Schipper, H, Jay, C, Abrams, G. Sex hormone, pituitary, parathyroid, and adrenal disorders and the nervous system. In Aminoff, MJ, Josephson, SA, eds. Aminoff's neurology and general medicine. 5th ed. London, UK: Elsevier; 2014. pp. 369397.Google Scholar
Wysolmerski, J, Insogna, K. The parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia. In Goldman's Cecil medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2011. Chapter 253.Google Scholar
Catli, G, Abaci, A, Altincik, A. Hyperprolactinemia in children: clinical features and long-term results. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 25(11–12): 1123–8. DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2012-0130.Google Scholar
Ou, H-Y, Hsiao, S-H, Yu, EH, Wu, T-J. Etiologies and clinical manifestations of hyperprolactinemia in a medical center in Southern Taiwan. Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacy National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.Google Scholar
Wong, A, Eloy, JA, Couldwell, WT, Liu, JK. Update on prolactinomas. Part 1: Clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges. J Clin Neurosci. 2015; 22(10): 1562–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.03.058.Google Scholar
Zahajszky, J, Quinn, DK, Smith, FA, et al. Cognitive and perceptual disturbances in a young man. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2007; 9: 5963. [PMC free article][PubMed].Google Scholar
Biller, J. The interface of neurology and internal medicine. Philadephia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. 2007.Google Scholar
Biller, J. The interface of neurology and internal medicine. Philadephia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. 2007.Google Scholar
Hollowell, JG, Staehling, NW, Flanders, WD, et al. Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 87(2): 489–99.Google Scholar
Asvold, BO, Bjøro, T, Nilsen, TI, Vatten, LJ. Tobacco smoking and thyroid function: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167(13): 1428–32. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.167.13.1428.Google Scholar
Aiello, DP, DuPlessis, AJ, Pattishall, EG 3rd, Kulin, HE. Thyroid storm. Presenting with coma and seizures in a 3-year-old girl. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1989; 28: 571–4.Google Scholar
Awad, AG. The thyroid and the mind and emotions/thyroid dysfunction and mental disorders. Thyroid Foundation of Canada. 2000. Available from https://thyroid.ca/resource-material/articles/e-10-f/. Accessed Aug 16, 2018.Google Scholar
Martin, FI, Deam, DR. Hyperthyroidism in elderly hospitalised patients. Clinical features and treatment outcomes. Med J Aust. 1996; 164: 200.Google Scholar
Charcot, J. Nouveaux signes de la maladie de basedow. Bull Med. 1889; 3: 147–9.Google Scholar
Seeherunvong, T, Diamantopoulos, S, Berkovitz, GD. A nine year old girl with thyrotoxicosis, ataxia, and chorea. Brain Dev. 2007; 29: 660–1.Google Scholar
Cleveland Clinic. Septal myectomy. June, 2009. Available from http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/disorders/septal_myectomy Accessed June 22, 2015.Google Scholar
Maron, BJ, Olivotto, I. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In Mann, DL, Zipes, D, Libby, P, Bonow, RO, Braunwald, E, eds. Braunwald's heart disease: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders; 2015. pp. 1574–86.Google Scholar
Mayo Clinic Staff. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Feb 18, 2015. Available from www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/home/ovc-20122102. Accessed June 22, 2015.Google Scholar
Cowley, DS, Roy-Byrne, PP. Hyperventilation and panic disorder. Am J Med. 1987; 83: 929.Google Scholar
Lewis, RA, Howell, JB. Definition of the hyperventilation syndrome. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir. 1986; 22: 201.Google Scholar
Pfortmueller, CA, Pauchard-Neuwerth, SE, Leichtle, AB, et al. Primary hyperventilation in the emergency department: a first overview. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0129562.Google Scholar
Saisch, SG, Wessely, S, Gardner, WN. Patients with acute hyperventilation presenting to an inner-city emergency department. Chest. 1996; 110: 952.Google Scholar
Lewis, MA, Hendrickson, AW, Moynihan, TJ. Oncologic emergencies: Pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011; 61: 287314.Google Scholar
Stone, MJ, Bogen, SA. Evidence-based focused review of management of hyperviscosity syndrome. Blood. 2012; 119: 2205–8.Google Scholar
Fong, J, Khan, A. Hypocalcemia: updates in diagnosis and management for primary care. Canad Fam Physician. 2012; 58(2): 158–62.Google Scholar
Lockwood, A. Toxic and metabolic encephalopathies. In Daroff, RB, et al., eds. Bradley's neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2012. Chapter 56.Google Scholar
Riggs, J. Neurologic complications of electrolyte disturbances. In Aminoff, MJ, Josephson, SA, eds. Aminoff's neurology and general medicine. London, UK: Elsevier; 2014. pp. 317–26.Google Scholar
Wysolmerski, J, Insogna, K. The parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia. In Goldman's Cecil medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2011. Chapter 253.Google Scholar
Lin, HC, Barkhaus, PE. Cranial nerve XII: the hypoglossal nerve. Semin Neurol. 2009; 29(1): 4552.Google Scholar
Goldman, L, Schafer, A. Hypoglycemia. In Goldman's Cecil medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2011. pp. 237–8.Google Scholar
Lockwood, A. Toxic and metabolic encephalopathies. In Daroff, RB, et al., eds. Bradley's neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2012. Chapter 56.Google Scholar
Sircar, M, Bhatia, A, Munshi, M. Review of hypoglycemia in the older adult: clinical implications and management. Can J Diabetes. 2016; 40(1): 6672. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.10.004. Epub Dec 29, 2015.Google Scholar
Zochodne, D, Toth, C. Diabetes and the nervous system. In Aminoff, MJ, Josephson, SA, eds. Aminoff's neurology and general medicine. London, UK: Elsevier; 2014. pp. 351–68.Google Scholar
Goldman, L, Schafer, A. Muscle diseases. In Goldman's Cecil medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2011. Chapter 429.Google Scholar
Kerchner, G, Ptacek, L. Channelopathies: episodic and electrical disorders of the nervous system. In Daroff, RB, et al., eds. Bradley's neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2012. Chapter 64.Google Scholar
Moxley, R, Heatwole, C. Channelopathies. In Swaiman, KF, ed. Swaiman's pediatric neurology: principles and practice. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2012. pp. 1667–89.Google Scholar
Riggs, J. Neurologic complications of electrolytes disturbances. In Aminoff, MJ, Josephson, SA, eds. Aminoff's neurology and general medicine. London, UK: Elsevier; 2014. pp. 317–26.Google Scholar
Agus, ZS. Hypomagnesemia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999; 10: 1666–22.Google Scholar
Riggs, J. Neurologic complications of electrolytes disturbances. In Aminoff, MJ, Josephson, SA, eds. Aminoff's neurology and general medicine. London, UK: Elsevier; 2014. pp. 317–26.Google Scholar
Decaux, G, Soupart, A. Treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia. Am J Med Sci. 2003; 326(1): 2530.Google Scholar
Spasovaski, G, Vanholder, R, Allolio, B, et al. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014; 170(3): G1–47.Google Scholar
Sterns, RH, Riggs, JE, Schochet, SS. Osmotic demyelination syndrome following correction of hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 1986; 314: 1535.Google Scholar
Al-Azem, H, Khan, AA; Hypoparathyroidism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 26(4): 517–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2012.01.004.Google Scholar
Bhadada, SK, Bhansali, A, Upreti, V, Subbiah, S, Khandelwal, N. Spectrum of neurological manifestations of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism. Neurol India. 2011; 59: 586–9.Google Scholar
Clarke, BL, Brown, EM, Collins, MT, et al. Epidemiology and diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101(6): 2284–99. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3908.Google Scholar
Fonseca, OA, Calverley, JR. Neurological manifestations of hypoparathyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 1967; 120(2): 202–6. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1967.00300020074009.Google Scholar
Felsenfeld, A, Levine, B. Approach to treatment of hypophosphatemia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012; 60(4): 655–61.Google Scholar
Subramanian, R, Khardori, R. Severe hypophosphatemia: pathophysiologic implications, clinical presentations, and treatment. Medicine. 2009; 79(1): 18.Google Scholar
Alchanatis, M, Zias, N, Deligiorgis, N, et al. Sleep apnea-related cognitive deficits and intelligence: an implication of cognitive reserve theory. J Sleep Res. 2005; 14, 6975.Google Scholar
Bruce, AS, Aloia, MS, Ancoli-Israel, S. Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric and neuromedical disorders. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009.Google Scholar
Kozora, E, Filley, C, Julian, L, Cullum, C. Cognitive functioning in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mild hypoxemia compared with patients with mild Alzheimer disease and controls. J Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 1999; 12: 178–83.Google Scholar
Martin, DS, Grocott, M. Oxygen therapy in critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2013; 41(2): 423–32.Google Scholar
Rothenhausler, HB, Ehrentraut, S, Stoll, C, Schelling, G, Kapfammer, HP. The relationship between cognitive performance and employment and health status in long-term survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome: Results of an exploratory study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2001; 23(2): 90–6.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×