Alami, A. (2017, January 12). Morocco said to ban sales of the burqa, citing safety. New York Times, p. A10.Google Scholar

Associated Press. (2017a, September 22). German policeman investigated for wearing far-right patch. Retrieved from www.seattletimes.com/nation-world.Google Scholar

Associated Press. (2017b, September 22). Activist gets OK to burn Nazi-Confederate flag in protest. Retrieved from www.seattletimes.com/nation-world.Google Scholar

Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Brown, H. E. (2017). Immigrant bodily incorporation: How the physical body structures identity, mobility, and transnationalism. Social Problems, 64, 14–29.Google Scholar

Clarridge, C. (2017, September 22). Swastika-wearing man punched on Seattle street, removes swastika, police say. Retrieved from www.Seattletimes.com-seattle-news.Google Scholar

Dabney, D., Teasdale, B., Ishoy, G., Gann, T., & Berry, B. (2017). Policing in a largely minority jurisdiction: The influence of appearance characteristics associated with contemporary hip-hop culture on police decision-making. Justice Quarterly, 34(7), 1310–1388.Google Scholar

Greenblatt, J. A. (2018, January 22). Homegrown terrorism (Letter to the editor). New York Times, p. A20.Google Scholar

Haberkorn, L. (2017, September 22). A Nazi eagle inflames a heated debate in Uruguay. Retrieved from www.Seattletimes.com/nation-world.Google Scholar

Hamm, M. S. (1994). American skinheads: The criminology and control of hate crime. Westport, CT: Praeger.Google Scholar

Hamm, M. S. (1997). Apocalypse in Oklahoma: Waco and Ruby Ridge revenged. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.Google Scholar

Hamm, M. S. (2002). In bad company: America’s terrorist underground. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.Google Scholar

Hamm, M. S. & Spaaij, R. (2017). Age of lone wolf terrorism (Studies in transgression). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Higgins, A. (2018, January 9). At Chinese border, no visas needed, no beards allowed. New York Times, p. A7.Google Scholar

Liptak, A. (2016, October 12). Justices to decide case accusing Bush officials of 9/11 abuses. New York Times, p. A13.Google Scholar

Muzzatti, S. (2016). Terrorism and counter-terrorism in popular culture in the Post-9/11 context. In Pontell, H. (Ed.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology (pp. 1–26). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Rubin, A. J. & Breeden, A. (2016, October 2). Female French jihadists signal shift in ISIS roles. New York Times, pp. A6, A8.Google Scholar

Smith, S. (2017, April 1). China bans veils and “abnormal” beards in western province of Xinjiang. Retrieved from www.nbcnews.com/news/world.Google Scholar

Stack, L. (2017, October 20). Burqa bans: Spreading from Europe to Canada. New York Times, p. A4.Google Scholar

Staples, B. (2017, May 22). How the swastika became a confederate flag. New York Times, p. A24.Google Scholar

Staples, B. (2018, January 10). Monuments to white supremacy. New York Times, p. A22.Google Scholar

Associated Press (2014, September 15). Al-Qaeda recruiting European jihadists in Syria to attack US planes, say American officials, The Telegraph. Retrieved from www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11097660/Al-Qaeda-recruiting-European-jihadists-in-Syria-to-attack-US-planes-say-American-officials.html.Google Scholar

Basra, R., Neumann, P. R., & Brunner, C. (2016). Criminal pasts, terrorist futures: European jihadists and the new crime-terror nexus. London: International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence.Google Scholar

BMI. (2017). Bundesministerium für Inneres, Bundesgesetz über das Verbot der Verhüllung des Gesichts in der Öffentlichkeit (Anti-Gesichtsverhüllungsgesetz – AGesVG). Retreived from www.bmeia.gv.at/reise-aufenthalt/einreise-und-aufenthalt-in-oesterreich/vollverschleierungsverbot-in-oesterreich/.Google Scholar

Conti, U. (2017). Between rap and jihad: Spectacular subcultures, terrorism and visuality. Contemporary Social Science, 12(3–4), 272–284.Google Scholar

Crenshaw, M. (2011). Explaining terrorism: Causes, processes and consequences. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar

Culzac, N. (2014, June 24). Dress like a jihadist: Isis and terror-related merchandise flogged online and in Indonesian stores. The Independent. Retrieved from www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/dress-like-a-jihadist-isis-and-terror-related-merchandise-flogged-online-and-in-indonesian-stores-9560230.html#gallery.Google Scholar

Erdbrink, T. & Mashal, M. (2017, June 7). At Least 12 Killed in Pair of Terrorist Attacks in Iran. New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/world/middleeast/iran-parliament-attack-khomeini-mausoleum.html.Google Scholar

Fillion, K. (2011, January 24). In conversation with Mia Bloom: On the rise in female suicide bombings, how women cause more damage and why they do it. Macleans. Retrieved from www.macleans.ca/general/macleans-interview-mia-bloom/.Google Scholar

Hamm, M. S. (1993). American skinheads: The criminology and control of hate crime. Westport, CT/London: Praeger.Google Scholar

Hebdige, D. (1994). Subculture: The meaning of style. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Hegghammer, T. (2017). Jihadi culture: The art and social practices of militant Islamists. London/New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Heinke, D. H. (2017). German foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq: The updated data and its implications. CTC Sentinel, 10(3), 17–22.Google Scholar

Hofinger, V. & Schmidinger, T. (2017). Endbericht zur Begleitforschung Deradikalisierung im Gefängnis, Wien: Institut für Rechts- und Kriminalsoziologie. Retrieved from www.irks.at/assets/irks/Publikationen/Forschungsbericht/Endbericht_Begleitforschung_2017.pdf.Google Scholar

Hoisl, T. (2017). In dieser Videoserie schwört ein ehemaliger IS-Sympathisant aus Wien dem Dschihadismus ab. Vice, September 6. www.vice.com/de_at/article/xww4vq/in-dieser-videoserie-schwort-ein-ehemaliger-is-sympathisant-aus-wien-dem-dschihadismus-ab.Google Scholar

Horgan, J. (2005). The psychology of terrorism. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Johnston, H. (2008). Ritual, strategy, and deep culture in the Chechen national movement. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 1(3), 321–342.Google Scholar

Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M. J., Bélanger, J. J., Sheveland, A., Hetiarachchi, M. & Gunaratna, R. (2014). The psychology of radicalization and deradicalization: How significance quest impacts violent extremism. Advances in Political Psychology, 35, 69–93.Google Scholar

McKay, H. (2017, June 4). London terror attack: British officials eye burka ban and stripping citizenship. Fox News. Retrieved from www.foxnews.com/world/2017/06/04/london-terror-attack-british-officials-eye-burka-bans-and-stripping-citizenship.html.Google Scholar

Nwigwe, C. (2018). Fashioning terror: The Boko Haram dress code and the politics of identity, fashion theory. The Journal of Dress, Body and Culture, DOI: 10.1080/1362704X.2017.1420301.Google Scholar

Parker, N. (2017, December 2). Gunmen in burkas massacre nine and wound 35 in Pakistan terror attack. The Sun. Retrieved from www.thesun.co.uk/news/5048629/gunmen-in-burkas-massacre-nine-and-wound-35-in-pakistan/.Google Scholar

Pisoiu, D. (2012). Islamist radicalisation in Europe. An occupational change process. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Pisoiu, D. (2015). Subcultural theory applied to jihadi and right-wing radicalization in Germany. Terrorism and Political Violence, 27(1), 9–28.Google Scholar

Semple, M. (2016, January 16). Black flags and balaclavas: how jihadists dress for imaginary war. The Conversation. Retrieved from http://theconversation.com/black-flags-and-balaclavas-how-jihadists-dress-for-imaginary-war-36152.Google Scholar

Wörner-Schappert, M. (2017). Fallbeispiel: Musik – Propagandawaffe im Internet. In Glaser, S. and Pfeffer, T. (Eds.), Erlebniswelt Rechtsextremismus: modern – subversiv – hasserfüllt <br>Hintergünde und Methoden für die Praxis der Prävention, pp. 118–128.Hintergünde+und+Methoden+für+die+Praxis+der+Prävention,+pp.+118–128.>Google Scholar

Atran, S. (2010). Talking to the enemy: Faith, brotherhood, and the (un)making of terrorists. New York, NY: Ecco.Google Scholar

Barker, E. (1999). New religious movements. New York, NY: Bernan Press.Google Scholar

Bartlett, J. & Miller, C. (2012). The edge of violence: Toward telling the difference between violent and non-violent radicalization. Terrorism and Political Violence, 24, 1–21.Google Scholar

Dawson, L. L. (2004). Crises of charismatic legitimacy and violent behavior in new religious movements. In Bromley, D. G. & Melton, J. G. (Eds.), Cults, religion and violence (pp. 80–101). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Fried, W. (2004). Charisma: Belief, will and the power of the gifted. Round Robin (Newsletter of the Psychologist Psychoanalysis Practitioners, American Psychological Association), 39, 1–18.Google Scholar

Gilmore, M. (2008). Stories done: Writings on the 1960s and its discontent. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar

Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar

Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identities. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar

Hamm, M. S. (2007). Terrorism and crime: From Oklahoma City to Al-Qaeda and beyond. New York, NY: New York University Press.Google Scholar

Hamm, M. S. (2013). The spectacular few: Prisoner radicalization and the evolving terrorist threat. New York, NY: New York University Press.Google Scholar

Hamm, M. S. & Spaaij, R. (2017). The age of lone wolf terrorism. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Hartman, K. E. (2010). Mother California: A story of redemption behind bars. New York, NY: Atlas.Google Scholar

Hilburn, R. (2013). Biography doesn’t hold back on darkest years of “Man in Black.” NPR, October 29.Google Scholar

Hoffmann, D. C. & Dawson, L. L. (2013). The neglected role of charismatic authority in the study of terrorist groups and radicalization. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 37: 348–368.Google Scholar

Irwin, J. (2007). The warehouse prison: Disposal of the new dangerous class. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Liptak, A. (2010, November 30). Supreme Court hears arguments on California prison crowding. New York Times, p. A16.Google Scholar

Martinez, T. (1999). Brotherhood of murder. New York, NY: to Excel.Google Scholar

Mueller, G. (2017). (Warden of Folsom Prison) Folsom state prison. The History Channel, March 5.Google Scholar

Sageman, M. (2004). Understanding terror networks. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar

Steinhauer, J. (2006, December 11). Bulging, troubled prisons push California to seek a new approach. New York Times, p. A18.Google Scholar

Weber, M. (1968). On charisma and institution building. Eisenstadt, S. N. (Ed.), Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar