Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T04:42:04.469Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - Climate and Health

Europe from the Pre-Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2018

Richard H. Steckel
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Clark Spencer Larsen
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Charlotte A. Roberts
Affiliation:
University of Durham
Joerg Baten
Affiliation:
Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Backbone of Europe
Health, Diet, Work and Violence over Two Millennia
, pp. 352 - 380
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aberth, J. (2005). The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348–1350 – a Brief History With Documents, Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D.; Johnson, S.; Robinson, J. A. (2001). Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Albala, K. (2003). Food in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800, Westport: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2000). Economic structure and agricultural productivity in Europe, 1300–1800, European Review of Economic History, 4(1): 125.Google Scholar
Astill, G. G.; Langdon, J. (1997). Medieval Farming and Technology: The Impact of Agricultural Change in Northwest Europe, Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Baccino, E.; Ubelaker, D. H.; Hayek, L. C.; Zerilli, A. (1999). Evaluation of seven methods of estimating age at death from mature human skeletal remains, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44(5): 931936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barker, D. J. P. (1998). Mothers, Babies, and Health in Later Life, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Bass, W. M. (1995). Human Osteology: A Laboratory and Field Manual, Columbia: Missouri Archaeological Society.Google Scholar
Baten, J. (2002). Climate, grain production and nutritional status in 18th century southern Germany, Journal of European Economic History, 30(1): 947.Google Scholar
Berger, E.; Wang, H. (2017). Bioarchaeology of adaptation to a marginal environment in Bronze Age Western China, American Journal of Human Biology. DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22956CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binder, M.; Spencer, N. (2014). The bioarchaeology of Amara West in Nubia: investigating the impacts of political, cultural and environmental change on health and diet. In Fletcher, A.; Antoine, D.; Hill, J. D. (eds.), Regarding the Dead: Human Remains in the British Museum, London: British Museum, pp. 123136.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. S. (2014). Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary, San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Braudel, F. (1982). Civilization and Capitalism, Vol. I: 15th–18th Century – The Structure of Everyday Life, Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Brooke, J. L. (2014). Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Buckberry, J. (2015). The (mis)use of adult age estimates in osteology, Annals of Human Biology, 42: 323331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carrieri, M. P.; Serraino, D. (2005). Longevity of popes and artists between the 13th and the 19th century, International Journal of Epidemiology, 34(6): 14351436.Google Scholar
Cartwright, F. F. (1972). Disease and History, New York: Crowell.Google Scholar
Clark, G. (1991). Yields per acre in English agriculture, 1250–1860: evidence from labour inputs, The Economic History Review, 44(3), 445460.Google Scholar
Cohen, M. N. (1989). Health and the Rise of Civilization, New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Cook, N. D. (1998). Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest, 1492–1650, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Couoh, L. R. (2017). Differences between biological and chronological age-at-death in human skeletal remains: a change of perspective, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 163: 671695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cronin, T. M. (2009). Paleoclimates: Understanding Climate Change Past and Present, New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Crosby, A. W. (1972). The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, Westport: Greenwood.Google Scholar
de Vries, J. (1980). Measuring the impact of climate on history: the search for appropriate methodologies, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 10(4): 599630.Google Scholar
Diamond, J. M. (2011). Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, New York: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Fagan, B. M. (2005). Chaco Canyon: Archeologists Explore the Lives of an Ancient Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Floud, R.; Wachter, K. W.; Gregory, A. (1990). Height, Health and History: Nutritional Status in the United Kingdom, 1750–1980, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fogel, R. W.; Costa, D. L. (1997). A theory of techniophysio evolution, with some implications for forecasting population, health care costs, and pension costs, Demography, 34(2): 4966.Google Scholar
Fojas, C. L.; Kim, J.; Minsky-Rowland, J. D.; Algee-Hewitt, B. F. B. (2017). Testing inter-observer reliability of the transition analysis aging method on the William M. Bass forensic skeletal collection, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 163: 671695.Google Scholar
Friedman, E. M.; Herd, P. (2010). Income, education, and inflammation: differential associations in a national probability sample (The MIDUS Study), Psychosomatic Medicine, 72: 290300.Google Scholar
Gill, R. B. (2000). The Great Maya Droughts: Water, Life, and Death, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Glaser, R.; Riemann, D. (2009). A thousand-year record of temperature variations for Germany and Central Europe based on documentary data, Journal of Quaternary Science, 24(5): 437449.Google Scholar
Goodman, A. H.; Rose, J. C. (1991). Dental enamel hypoplasias as indicators of nutritional status. In Kelly, M. A.; Larsen, C. S. (eds.), Advances in Dental Anthropology, New York: Wiley-Liss, pp. 279293.Google Scholar
Grauer, A.; Roberts, C. (1996). Palaeoepidemiology, healing and possible treatment of trauma in the Medieval cemetery population of St Helen-on-the-Walls, York, England, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 100(4): 531544.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregoricka, L. A. (2016). Human response to climate change during the Umm an-Nar/Wadi Suq transition in the United Arab Emirates, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 26: 211220.Google Scholar
Grove, J. M. (2002). Climatic change in northern Europe over the last two thousand years and its possible influence on human activity. In Wefer, G.; Berger, W. H.; Behre, K.-E.Jansen, E. (eds.), Climate Development and History of the North Atlantic Realm, Berlin: Springer, pp. 313326.Google Scholar
Guiot, J.; Corona, C.; ESCARSEL members (2010). Growing season temperatures in Europe and climate forcings over the past 1400 years, PLoS One 5(4): e9972.Google Scholar
Hens, S. M.; Godde, K. (2016). Auricular surface aging: comparing two methods that assess morphological change in the ilium with Bayesian analyses, Journal of Forensic Science, 61 (Suppl. 1): S30–38.Google Scholar
Hillson, S. (1996). Dental Anthropology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hough, A. J.; Sokoloff, L. (1989). Pathology of osteoarthritis. In Hollander, J. (ed.), Arthritis and Allied Conditions, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.Google Scholar
Hsiang, S. M.; Burke, M.; Miguel, E. (2013). Quantifying the influence of climate on human conflict, Science, 341(6151): 1235367.Google Scholar
Hugo, G. J. (1984). The demographic impact of famine: a review. In Currey, B; Hugo, G. (eds.), Famine as a Geographical Phenomenon, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 731.Google Scholar
Jansen, E.; Overpeck, J.; Briffa, K. R.; et al. (2007). Paleoclimate. In Solomon, S.; Qin, D.; Manning, M.; et al. (eds.), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 433497.Google Scholar
Jáuregui-Lobera, I. (2014). Iron deficiency and cognitive functions, Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10: 20872095.Google Scholar
Jones, P. D.; New, M.; Parker, D. E.; Martin, S.; Rigor, I. G. (1999). Surface air temperature and its changes over the past 150 years, Reviews of Geophysics, 37(2): 173199.Google Scholar
Jonker, M. A. (2003). Estimation of life expectancy in the Middle Ages, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 106(1): 105117.Google Scholar
Katzenberg, M. A.; Saunders, S. R. (eds.) (2000). Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton, New York: Wiley-Liss.Google Scholar
Kintisch, E. (2016). Why did Greenland’s Vikings disappear? The lost Norse, Science, 354(6313): 696701.Google Scholar
Kiple, K. F.; Beck, S. V. (1997). Biological Consequences of the European Expansion, 1450–1800, Aldershot: Ashgate/Variorum.Google Scholar
Koepke, N.; Baten, J. (2005). The biological standard of living in Europe during the last two millennia, European Review of Economic History, 9(1): 6195.Google Scholar
Koepke, N.; Baten, J. (2008). Agricultural specialization and height in ancient and medieval Europe, Explorations in Economic History, 45(2): 127146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komlos, J. (1989). Nutrition and Economic Development in the Eighteenth-Century Habsburg Monarchy: An Anthropometric History, Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konigsberg, L. W.; Hens, S. M. (1998). Use of ordinal categorical variables in skeletal assessment of sex from the cranium, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 107(1): 97112.Google Scholar
Lamb, H. H. (1995). Climate, History and the Modern World, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Larsen, C. S. (1994). In the wake of Columbus: native population biology in the postcontact Americas, Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 37: 109154.Google Scholar
Larsen, C. S. (2006). The agricultural revolution as environmental catastrophe: implications for health and lifestyle in the Holocene, Quaternary International, 150: 1220.Google Scholar
Larsen, C. S. (2015). Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton, 2nd edition, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Larsen, C. S.; Shavit, R.; Griffin, M. C. (1991). Dental caries evidence for dietary change: an archaeological context. In Kelly, M. A.; Larsen, C. S. (eds.), Advances in Dental Anthropology, New York: Wiley-Liss, pp. 179202.Google Scholar
Lukacs, J. R.; Walimbe, S. R. (1998). Physiological stress in prehistoric India: new data on localized hypoplasia of primary canines linked to climate and subsistence change, Journal of Archaeological Science, 25: 571585.Google Scholar
Lynnerup, N. (1998). The Greenland Norse: A Biological-Anthropological Study, Copenhagen: Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland.Google Scholar
Mangini, A.; Spötl, C.; Verdes, P. (2005). Reconstruction of temperature in the Central Alps during the past 2000 yr from a δ18O stalagmite record, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 235: 741751.Google Scholar
Martin, D. L.; Frayer, D. W. (eds.) (1997). Troubled Times: Violence and Warfare in the Past, Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach.Google Scholar
Martin, D. L., Harrod, R. P.; Pérez, V. R. (eds.) (2012). The Bioarchaeology of Violence: Bioarchaeological Interpretations of the Human Past. Local, Regional, and Global Perspectives, Gainesville: University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
McDermott, F. (2004). Palaeo-climate reconstruction from stable isotope variations in speleothems: a review, Quaternary Science Reviews, 23: 901918.Google Scholar
McGee, T. D. (1988). Principles and Methods of Temperature Measurement, New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
McMichael, A. J.; Woodward, A.; Muir, C. (2017). Climate Change and the Health of Nations: Famines, Fevers, and the Fate of Populations, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellinger, A. D.; Sachs, J. D.; Gallup, J. L. (2000). Climate, coastal proximity, and development. In Clark, G. L.; Feldman, M. P.; Gertler, M. S. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 169194.Google Scholar
Merbs, C. F. (1992). New world of infectious disease, Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 35: 342.Google Scholar
Milner, G. R.; Boldsen, J. L. (2012). Skeletal age estimation: where we are and where we should go. In Grauer, A. (ed.), A Companion to Forensic Anthropology, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 224238Google Scholar
Mintz, S. W. (1986). Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History, New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Moberg, A.; Sonechkin, D. M.; Holmgren, K.; Datsenko, N. M.; Karlen, W. (2005). Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data, Nature, 433(7026): 613617.Google Scholar
Munoz, S. E.; Gruley, K. E.; Massie, A.; et al. (2015). Cahokia’s emergence and decline coincided with shifts of flood frequency on the Mississippi River, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(20): 63196324.Google Scholar
Murray, C. J. L.; Salomon, J. A.; Mathers, C. D.; Lopez, A. D. (2002). Summary Measures of Population Health: Concepts, Ethics, Measurement and Applications, Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ó Grada, C. (1988). Ireland Before and After the Famine, Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Ortner, D. J. (2003). Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains, Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Parker, G. (2013). Global Crisis: War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century, New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Penington, R. (2001). Hunter-gatherer demography. In Panter-Brick, C.; Layton, R.; Rowley-Conwy, P. (eds.), Hunter-Gatherers: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 170204.Google Scholar
Post, J. D. (1977). The Last Great Subsistence Crisis in the Western World, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Redfern, R. A. (2010). Regional examination of surgery and fracture treatment in Iron Age and Roman Britain, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 20: 443471.Google Scholar
Roberts, C. A. (2015). What did agriculture do for us? The bioarchaeology of health and diet. In Barker, G.; Goucher, C. (eds.), The Cambridge World History: Volume 2: A World with Agriculture, 12,000 BCE–500 CE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 93123.Google Scholar
Roser, M. (2017). Life expectancy. https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy, accessed December 15, 2017.Google Scholar
Sachs, J. D. (2001). Tropical Underdevelopment, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Salzer, M. W. (2000). Temperature variability and the Northern Anasazi: Possible implications for regional abandonment, Kiva, 65(4): 295318.Google Scholar
Schultz, M. (1982). Krankheit und Umwelt des vor- und frühgeschichtlichen Menschen. In Kindlers Enzyklopädie der Mensch, Zurich: Kindler Verlag, pp. 259312.Google Scholar
Schultz, M. (1993). The initial stages of systematic bone disease. In: Grupe, G.; Garland, A. N. (eds.), Histology of Ancient Human Bone: Methods and Diagnosis. Proceedings of the “Palaeohistology Workshop” Held from 3–5 October 1990 at Göttingen, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 185203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scrimshaw, N. S. (1991). Iron deficiency, Scientific American, 265(4): 4652.Google Scholar
Sodemann, H.; Zubler, E. (2009). Seasonal and inter-annual variability of the moisture sources for Alpine precipitation during 1995–2002, International Journal of Climatology, 30: 947961.Google Scholar
Steckel, R. H. (1995). Stature and the standard of living, Journal of Economic Literature, 33(4): 19031940.Google Scholar
Steckel, R. H.; Floud, R. (eds.) (1997). Health and Welfare during Industrialization, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Steckel, R. H.; Rose, J. C. (eds.) (2002). The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Steckel, R. H.; Sciulli, P. W.; Rose, J. C. (2002). A health index from skeletal remains. In Steckel, R. H.; Rose, J. S. (eds.), The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 6193.Google Scholar
Stewart, T. D. (1979). Essentials of Forensic Anthropology, Especially as Developed in the United States, Springfield: Thomas.Google Scholar
Tainter, J. A. (2013). The Collapse of Complex Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tegel, W.; Vanmoerkerke, J.; Büntgen, U. (2010). Updating historical tree-ring records for climate reconstruction, Quaternary Science Reviews, 29: 19571959.Google Scholar
Tingley, M. P.; Craigmile, P.; Haran, M.; et al. (2012). Piecing together the past: statistical insights into paleoclimatic reconstructions, Quaternary Science Reviews, 35: 122.Google Scholar
Ubelaker, D. H. (1989). Human Skeletal Remains: Excavation, Analysis, Interpretation, Washington: Taraxacum.Google Scholar
Verano, J. W.; Ubelaker, D. H. (eds.) (1992). Disease and Demography in the Americas, Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Wade, L. (2016). Bones record demise of Andean state, Science, 353(6301): 736737.Google Scholar
Waldron, T. (1994). Counting the Dead: The Epidemiology of Skeletal Populations, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Walker, P. L. (1986). Porotic hyperostosis in a marine-dependent California Indian population, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 69(3): 345354.Google Scholar
Walker, P. L. (1989). Cranial injuries as evidence of violence in prehistoric southern California, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 80(3): 313323.Google Scholar
Walker, P. L. (2000). Bioarchaeological ethics: a historical perspective on the value of human remains. In Saunders, S.; Katzenberg, M. (eds.), Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton, New York: Wiley, pp. 339.Google Scholar
Walker, P. L. (2001). A bioarchaeological perspective on the history of violence, Annual Review of Anthropology, 30(1): 573596.Google Scholar
Walker, P. L.; Bathurst, R. R.; Richman, R.; Gjerdrum, T.; Andrushko, V. A. (2009). The causes of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia: a reappraisal of the iron-deficiency-anemia hypothesis, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 139: 109125.Google Scholar
Weston, D. A. (2012). Nonspecific infection in paleopathology: interpreting periosteal reactions. In Grauer, A. (ed.), A Companion to Paleopathology, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 492512.Google Scholar
White, T. D. (2000). Human Osteology, San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
White, T. D.; Folkens, P. A. (2005). The Human Bone Manual, San Diego: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Witwer-Backofen, U.; Buba, H. (2002). Age estimation by tooth cementum annulation: perspectives of a new validation study. In Hoppa, R. D.; Vaupel, J. W. (eds.), Paleodemography: Age Distributions from Skeletal Samples, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107128.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A.; Schofield, R. S. (1981). The Population History of England, 1541–1871, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Zhang, D. D.; Lee, H. F., Wang, C.; et al. (2011). The causality analysis of climate change and large-scale human crisis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(42): 1729617301.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×