With the exception of the explicitly contrasting reference to Jerusalem in Isa 26:1, all the references to the city (עיר, קריה, אראמון) in Isa 24–27 refer to Ramat Raḥel. The site, identified as biblical Beth Hakkerem, appears to have been the site of a Judahite watchtower before being built up by the Assyrians to serve as an imperial administrative citadel that included a palace and temple. This compound was highly visible to the region and would have been a focal point for local resentment of imperial rule. Within the Josianic edition of what would become the book of Isaiah, passages about the prospect of the citadel’s overthrow were combined with later ones celebrating the liberation of Judah from its authority.