This chapter analyzes the mechanisms that shape the successful implementation of non-contributory cash transfers in Argentina and Brazil, policies for which government responsibility (or “attribution of responsibility”) is clear. For these types of policies, political alignments matter for their implementation. When recipients can identify the national government as the source of a popular policy, and therefore potentially reward it in the elections, opposition subnational units will hinder the policy’s implementation and aligned subnational units will facilitate it. In addition, territorial infrastructure –in the form of subnational state institutions and their collaboration with civil society – also contributes to the implementation of these CCTs. Finally, positive policy legacies can enhance the implementation of CCTs, such as the existence of previous national or subnational policies that automatically transfer recipients to the new policy or that prepare local institutions by providing similar conditionalities. The focus of this chapter is the implementation of Argentina’s Asignación Universal por Hijo (Asignación or Universal Child Allowance) and Brazil’s Bolsa Família (Family Allowance).