The conclusion revisits the empirical puzzle why two similar semi-authoritarian regimes such as Jordan and Morocco vary in their engagement in family law reform. Building on the above, it then solves the empirical puzzle by identifying connections between the colonial legal legacies, the structures of the legal systems, the way reform processes were carried out, the family laws countries ended up with, and the way the laws are applied. It draws broader conclusions about the development and manifestation of religious authority in both states and the equation of family law – Christian and Islamic – as religious law as well as the law’s ability to engineer social change. It then provides an outlook, discussing wider implications of the book’s findings and future avenues of research. Family law reform is a fruitful lens to study how religion, law, and politics interconnect. It sheds light on overall state–society relations, governance strategies, the different roles rulers play in reform processes, as well as different expressions of Islamist politics. Overall, researchers and policy-makers should be careful to avoid biases and thus approach law in the MENA region in an holistic manner and thus broaden the discussion about MENA family law to Jewish and Christian family law.