The chapter considers Henry VIII’s strategy in France in the 1540s. It shows that he moved away from trying to assert his rule over the French population as the rightful king of France and instead annexed the lands he had conquered to his English crown. It shows that Henry’s territorial objectives shaped the terms of the peace which brought an end to the war in 1546, particularly because – rather than assert his ancestral claims to the throne of France – the Tudor monarch justified his actions by invoking the right of conquest. The final part of the chapter examines the crucial role that cartography played in the conquest of Boulogne. This was the first major English conflict where maps played a central role in both the progress of the war and the making of the peace. Indeed, the war with France in the 1540s led to developments in geometric mapping, which the English monarch used to create coherent linear borders for his new lands.