Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pftt2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-09T17:34:07.557Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 5 - Foot and ankle

from Section 2 - Adult Elective Orthopaedics and Spine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2019

Paul A. Banaszkiewicz
Affiliation:
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead
Deiary F. Kader
Affiliation:
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead
Get access

Summary

This diagram is a representation of the lateral aspect of the ankle showing the bony and ligamentous structures. Structure 2 is the anterior talofibular ligament, structure 3 is the calcaneofibular ligament and structure 5 is the posterior distal tibiofibular ligament.

The mechanism is usually a rotational injury with sequential failure of the ligaments from front to back, hence the anterior talofibular ligament or ATFL is most commonly injured followed by the calcaneofibular ligament or CFL and the posterior talofibular ligament is the least frequently injured.

Type
Chapter
Information
Postgraduate Orthopaedics
Viva Guide for the FRCS (Tr & Orth) Examination
, pp. 96 - 120
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Kibler, WB. Arthroscopic findings in ankle ligament reconstruction. Clin Sports Med. 1996;15(4):799804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saltzman, CL, Salamon, ML, Blanchard, GM, et al. Epidemiology of ankle arthritis: report of a consecutive series of 639 patients from a tertiary orthopaedic center. Iowa Orthop J. 2005;25:4446.Google Scholar
Kellgren, JH, Lawrence, JS. Radiological assessment of osteoarthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1957;16:494501.Google Scholar
Repetto, I, Biti, B, Cerruti, P, Trentini, R, Felli, L. Conservative treatment of ankle osteoarthritis: can platelet-rich plasma effectively postpone surgery? J Foot Ankle Surg. 2017;56(2):362365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Valberg, AA, van Roermund, PM, Marijnissen, AC, et al. Joint distraction in treatment of osteoarthritis: a two-year follow-up of the ankle. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1999;7:474479.Google Scholar
Nguyen, MP, Pedersen, DR, Gao, Y, Saltzman, CL, Amendola, A. Intermediate-term follow-up after ankle distraction for treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97(7):590596.Google Scholar
Wood, PLR, Prem, H, Sutton, C. Total ankle replacement: medium term results in 200 Scandinavian total ankle replacements. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90B(5):605609.Google Scholar
Bonnin, M, Gaudot, F, Laurent, J-R, et al. The Salto total ankle arthroplasty: survivorship and analysis of failures at 7 to 11 years. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469:225236.Google Scholar
Mann, JA, Mann, RA, Horton, E. STAR ankle: long-term results. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32(5):473484.Google Scholar
Labek, G, Klaus, H, Schlichtherle, R, et al. Revision rates after total ankle arthroplasty in sample-based clinical studies and national registries. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32 (8):740745.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, D, Timta, B, Schmiegel, A, et al. First ray resection arthroplasty versus arthrodesis in the treatment of the rheumatoid foot. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32(6):589594.Google Scholar
Lee, MA, Mason, LW, Dodds, AL. The perioperative use of disease-modifying and biologic therapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Orthopedics. 2010;33(4):257262.Google Scholar
Howe, CR, Gardner, GC, Kadel, NJ. Perioperative medication management for the patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14:544551.Google Scholar
Scanzello, CR, Figgie, MP, Nestor, BJ, Goodman, SM. Perioperative management of medications used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. HSS J. 2006;2(2):141147.Google Scholar
Coleman, S, Chestnut, W. A simple test for hindfoot flexibility in the cavovarus foot. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1977;123:6062.Google Scholar
A ‘too many toes sign’ will be present where more than one to two toes are seen along the lateral aspect of the affected foot.Google Scholar
Myerson, MS, Corrigan, J. Treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction with flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer and calcaneal osteotomy. Orthopedics. 1996;19: 383388.Google Scholar
Abousayed, MM, Alley, MC, Shakked, R, Rosenbaum, AJ. Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity: etiology, diagnosis, and management. JBJS Rev. 2017;5(8):e7.Google Scholar
Teasdall, RD, Johnson, KA. Surgical treatment of stage I posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15(12):646648.Google Scholar
Myerson, MS, Badekas, A, Schon, LC. Treatment of stage II posterior tibial tendon deficiency with flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer and calcaneal osteotomy. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25(7):445450.Google Scholar
Kelly, IP, Easley, ME. Treatment of stage 3 adult acquired flatfoot. Foot Ankle Clin. 2001;6:153166.Google Scholar
Chadwick, C, Whitehouse, SL, Saxby, TS. Long-term follow-up of flexor digitorum longus transfer and calcaneal osteotomy for stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Bone Joint J. 2015;97(3):346352.Google Scholar
Barouk, LS, Toullec, ET. Use of scarf osteotomy of the first metatarsal to correct hallux valgus deformity. Tech Foot Ankle Surg. 2003;2(1):2734.Google Scholar
This is done by rotating and axially loading the hallux MTPJ with the toe in relative neutral dorsiflexion and can be a pointer to articular cartilage involvement.Google Scholar
Patients who experience grind test pain with the MTPJ in neutral or plantar flexion often have more extensive disease than realized.Google Scholar
Hattrup, SJ, Johnson, KA. Subjective results of hallux rigidus following treatment with cheilectomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;226:182191.Google Scholar
Moberg, E. A simple operation for hallux rigidus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;142:5556.Google Scholar
Taranow, WS, Moutsatson, MJ, Cooper, JM. Contemporary approaches to Stage II and Stage III hallux rigidus: the role of metallic hemiarthroplasty of the proximal phalanx. Foot Ankle Clin N Am. 2005;10:713728.Google Scholar
Carpenter, B, Smith, J, Motley, T, et al. Surgical treatment of hallux rigidus using a metatarsal head resurfacing implant: mid-term follow-up. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2010;49:321325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Politi, J, Hayes, J, Njus, G, et al. First metatarsal–phalangeal joint arthrodesis: a biomechanical assessment of stability. Foot Ankle Int. 2003;24(4):332337.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×